exam 3
Federal courts address which two types of laws
-Federal statutory law -administrative laws
which of the following are examples of independent agencies
-NASA -CIA
how does public opinion affect Supreme Court decisions
-The court -The Supreme Court is less
which of the following descriptions of the US presidency are true
-The degree -it operates -The formal
which of the following monitor the federal bureaucracy is actions
-The president -Congress -the court system
which of the following are reasons why the president is better suited to oversee government activity and to develop a comprehensive public policy
-The president is able to direct actions of federal agencies -Final authority rests with a single individual
what are characteristics of job specialization in a bureaucracy
-a precise -the explicit
which of the following best explains why a member of Congress has chosen to a party leadership position
-ability to successfully promote the parties goals within Congress -demonstrated leadership ability -ability to work with the other party
most US presidents have
-been white -prior govt service -been male -been protestant
which of the following president can perform to hold bureaucratic agencies responsible for their actions
-budget -pick
presidents can influence the courts by
-choosing -influencing
as part of the policy formulation process, ideas for potential policies to the
-congress -white house
what are some reasons bureaucrats are accountable to Congress
-congress creates -congress funds
which of the following or tools available to the president to help hold the bureaucracy accountable and to make them more responsive to the will of the president
-executive -reform -initiatives
bureaucratic agencies can benefit from
-focusing -addressing
judges might not be able to use legal precedents if their cases
-have -fall
which of the following makes a Senate challenger more likely to be successful
-having strong public recognition -having access to large sums of money to fund the campaign -having an existing campaign organization
which of the following are most likely to persuade the Supreme Court justices to review a case
-if the legal issue -if the US government
which of the following are true statements about party conventions
-in the past, party -today, candidates
what are some of the reasons that Federal bureaucracy has grown so rapidly since the United States was founded
-increased demands on government -bureaucrats who wanted more power -The failures of state government bureaucracies
in relation to Congress, the president's power
-is limited -is more
The nominating process for the Supreme Court places high importance on which of the following aspects of a potential Supreme Court nominee
-legal credentials -political philosophy
which of the following statements about public financing of US presidential election is her correct
-minor party candidates -to qualify
if Congress is displeased with the bureaucracies performance or behavior, what are some actions it can take
-modify -cut its budget
compared with Republican presidents, Democratic presidents have appointed _____ to the federal bench
-more women -more minorities
in his role as chief diplomat, the president
-negotiate treaties with other nations -appoints ambassadors
civil servants are prohibited from doing which of the following
-negotiating -striking
which of the following are issued by the supreme court after hearing a case
-one or more opinions -a decision
the supreme court has
-original -appellate
which of the following referred to the system prior to the 1880s by which bureaucrats were hired
-patronage -spoils
what are the two primary ways to attain a merit based civil-service job
-performing well on a competitive exam -having specialized training
what is the irony of the presidency
-presidents get too much blame when things go poorly -presidents get too much credit when things go right
The shift from a presidential nomination process dominated by party organizations to one based on state primaries and caucuses has
-reduced -given
on major bills, it is increasingly typical for the majority party's leader to
-shape the bills broad content -direct the floor debate after the bill leaves the committee
members of Congress cannot claim to be the leader of the United States because they
-share -are elected
in making their decisions, what are the 3 main sources of law that judges consider in the united states?
-the constitution -U.S. -legal
which of the following are limits on judicial power
-the facts -the law
what legislation powers does the president possess
-the power of veto - the power to propose legislation to Congress
why are bureaucrats brought into the policy formulation process
-they -they
how are government corporation similar to private corporations
-they are governed by boards of directors -they charge for their services
which of the following statements correctly describe U.S. district courts
-they are the -they are the
what are some ways bureaucrats have expertise in their areas
-they have spent years working with particular policy's -they have scientific, technical, or other types of training
U.S. bureaucrats administer _____ of programs
-thousands
which of the following are considered criteria that the average American uses to evaluate presidential leadership
-whether the president is generally respected around the world -what are the president prioritizes -whether the president is a strong leader
which of the following are ways in which accountability is encouraged within bureaucracies
-whistleblower protections -administrated law judges -senior executive service
bureaucratic agencies are at odds with democratic principles because the agencies have
-workers who share permanent terms -a fixed hierarchy
put in order the following steps that a bill must pass through in order to become a law
1) a member 2) the bill is submitted 3) a majority 4) the president signs
reapportionment take place every ____ years following a census
10
The Federal bureaucracy experience it's greatest expansion during the
1930's
members of the House of Representatives typically serve on _____ committees, while members of the Senate serve on ______
2,4
in order to be a member of the senate, a person must be _____ years of age and a citizen for at least _____ years
30, 9
the cost for running for senate rose by more than _____ between 1990 and 2010
300%
compared to the 1980s, the cost of running for the house of representatives has risen by more than ____ in 2010
600%
in federalist no. _____, Alexander Hamilton Road about limiting the power of the president to declare war to those times when the United States is directly attacked
69
members of the US House of Representatives are reelected in ____ of races
92%
following oral argument, the Supreme Court justices meet in complete privacy and secrecy to discuss and vote on the case. This meeting of the justices is called
A judicial conference
respective tends to dominate over time amongst most high-ranking bureaucrats who have spent years working in the same agency
Agency point of you
economic problems usually affect the publics confidence in
American presidents
The Constitution establishes the Supreme Court. Which entity is empowered by the constitution to establish the lower federal courts
Congress
which institution has the most effect on presidential success
Congress
The executive office of the president include which of the following components
Council of economic advisers, office of management and budget, national security council, White House office
which of these presidential appointees are the most difficult for the president to control
Directors of federal departments and agencies
under which of the following presidents did the greatest expansion of presidential authority take place
Franklin Roosevelt
article 1 of the Constitution lists the powers of Congress in article 2 lists the powers of the presidency. Compared to article 1, the wording of article 2 is more
General
which chamber of Congress has the power to impeach the president
House
what is the source of judicial review
John Marshall's
in the house, both the full committee and a subcommittee may ____, or proposed changes to, a bill
Mark up
which two features of the presidency have enabled presidents to claim leadership on national policy
National election
The president's top advisers on matters related to foreign-policy make up part of the
National security council
when there is no incumbent running in an election it is called an ______ ________ election and usually sparks heavier spending by the two political parties
Open seat
executive office of the president consists of the office of the council to the president, the communications office, and the office of the
Press secretary
Who was the only US president to resign from office
Richard Nixon
which of the following statements does not apply to see you executive service bureaucrats
SES
_____ ______ refers to a practice were members of Congress respond to constitutents individual requests for information or help with the federal benefit or service
Service strategy
during the general election, presidential candidates focus most of their money and attention on
States that are competitive enough
which of the following statements concerning the Constitution and the judiciary is true
The Constitution is silent
which of the following documents revealed that President Lyndon Johnson had presented a falsely optimistic picture of the Vietnam war
The Pentagon papers
Who or what serves as the last or highest source for legal disputes in the United States
The Supreme Court
during a supreme court hearing, who presents oral arguments
The attorneys for each side
The American common law evolved from which legal system
The british system
what happens during the writing a Supreme Court opinion
The justice assigned to write the opinion will continue to speak with the other justices while preparing the opinion
what usually is the best indicator of how individuals supreme court justices vote on cases in which the court issues a divided decision
The justices political backgrounds
Studies have shown that many voters decide to vote for a particular presidential candidate during
The national party convention's
The number of electoral voters a state has in the electoral college is determined by what factor
The number of members it has in the house and the senate
which of the following is not part of the Missouri plan for selecting state-level judges
The political parties
political scientist Richard nuestadt contended that an effective president is successful in using
The power to persuade
imagine that a major event such as the September 11, 2001, attacks again took place on American soil. What would likely happened to the power of the president
The president's power would grow
what does political scientist's hugh heclo's term the illusion of presidential government refer
The publics believe that the president actually runs the entire government in the United States
which statement is true regarding decisions made by the US Court of Appeals
The vast majority
which president change the nature of the presidency at the beginning of the 20th century, adopting what he called the stewardship theory of the presidency
Theodore Roosevelt
True or false: Congress is an institution where many interests are represented, which is a strength in a diverse nation, yet Congress is also a place where narrow interests can block Congress from acting even when there's an important international need, which is a weakness
True
according to political scientist Richard nuestadt, A sign of presidential weakness is the
Veto
The only type of federal court that features two sides presenting a case to a jury for a verdict is
a District Court
supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall used the court to strengthen the judiciary and made legal decisions not explicitly discussed by the Constitution. These actions demonstrate and marshals use of judicial
activism
which of the following are activities that typically take place in a party caucus
adopting developing
the supreme court has
almost complete
The supreme court has
almost complete control in deciding the cases it will hear
in Congress, disagreement over national policy usually occurs
along partisan divisions
when citizens believe that they have been harmed by a bureaucratic decision, they can contest the ruling in front of
an administrative law judge
in the whig theory of leadership, the president serves mainly as
an administrator
to win the presidency, presidential candidates now need
an electoral majority
an open party caucus is
an open meeting that allows voters to express their preference for the political parties presidential nominee
The Constitution specifies that all federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, shall be
appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate
members of Congress cannot claim to be the leader of the United States because they
are elected, share power
third party presidential candidates
are not likely to be elected
when our presidents approval ratings usually the highest
at the beginning of their terms
why is the rules committee considered one of the most important committees in the house
because it decides the length of debatethat will occur on a bill and whether amendments will be allowed
which of the following strongly and positively affects a congressional candidate's ability to raise money and win an election
being an incumbent
the U.S. congress is a _______ legislature with two chambers, the house and the senate
bicameral
_______ is a proposed legislative act that if passed by both chambers of Congress and signed by the president becomes law
bill
Federal departments are each responsible for one
broad policy area
which committees in Congers are responsible for reviewing the presidents budget and for recommending overall spending and revenue levels
budget committees
when a president uses the presidential office as an opportunity to speak out on a matter of concern or to push for legislation, the president is using the office as a
bully pulpit
which of the following statements about an administrative agencies implementation of policy is correct
bureaucrats can only spend money appropriated by Congress
what is the earliest step of the resource allocation process
bureaucrats develop annual budget request for their agencies
The leaders of the top executive departments are collectively known as the presidents
cabinet
since Congress authorize his bureaucratic agencies, the agencies
can be sued in court at the party does not feel that the agency carried out the law properly
most members of Congress are
career politicians who want to stay in Congress and put themselves in position for reelection
during the policy implementation stage, bureaucrats must
carry out
to plan strategy and resolve policy issues, party members in Congress typically meet behind closed doors in a session called a party
caucus
the speaker of the house has the right to
choose speak select
12 of the 13 federal applet courts cover specific geographic regions, which are called
circuits
a constituency is comprised of
citizens from the incumbents state or district
groups in society that benefit directly from the bureaucratic agencies program in those usually lobby Congress and the president on behalf of the agency are known as a
clientele
to end a filibuster, sixty senators must agree to invoke ____ and end the debate
cloture
as ______, The president is the supreme military commander of the US Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard
commander-in-chief
among the reasons why congress has difficulty taking the lead on broad issues are facts that
congress has two chambers members of congress come from
what is the legislative branch equivalent of the office of management and budget in the executive branch
congressional budget office
compared to the powers of the presidency that George Washington assumed in 1989, the powers of the presidency that Barack Obama assumed in 2009 were
considerably more powerful
after 9/11 President Bush sought to streamline the intelligence bureaucracy and thus make it more efficient by
consolidating
members of Congress usually serve on congressional committees that concentrate on policy areas that affect the members'
constituency
which of the following circuit court has jurisdiction over appeals involving patents and international trade
court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
the type of state law that involves issues such as shoplifting, murder, and rape is known as ______ law
criminal
The role of presidential appointees to a federal bureaucracy is to provide
day-to-day
through the use of administrative powers, the president can
decide how laws will be implemented
The key to understanding the power of the presidency is a recognition that presidential power
depends on the occupant of the office
The Supreme Court, recognizing public opinion in the brown v. board of education case, required local school systems to
desegregate
select committees are
designed to address specific issue or a problem
the duties of each vice President
determined by the particular president with whom he or she serves
once the house and senate vote on their budget bills, what happens next
differences in house and senate
on major bills, its increasingly typical for the majority party's leaders to
direct shape
how does the public generally feel about Congress
dissatisfied
most of the bills congress passes are ______ in nature which means they provide benefits to a particular group in society while spreading the costs across the tax paying public as a whole
distributive
which type of federal court hears criminal cases
district courts
The scenario in which the president belongs to one political party while the opposition party has majority control of at least one chamber of Congress is known as
divided government
partisan voting occurs more often when members are voting on _____ issues that involve intense partisan differences
domestic policy
when public approval of a presidential administration is at high levels, it is usually
easier for a president to pursue initiatives
regulatory agencies were originally created to regulate ______ activities
economic
The organization of a bureaucracy is structured to achieve maximum
efficiency
which of the following could be considered personal misconduct that might lead to congressional incumbent losing a bid for reelection
engaging in bribery being involved in a sex scandal
The presidents _____ Power includes the responsibility to faithfully execute the laws of the nation an appointment at your administrators
executive
the federal budgetary process begins in the _______ branch, where in consultation with the office of management and budget (OMB) general budgetary guidelines are established
executive
over the course of American history, the powers of the president have ____ from those envisioned by the founding fathers
expanded
A whistleblower in the federal bureaucracy is a person who
exposes
True or false: president submits his budget to converse in April where it will undergo varying degree of change
false
True or false: the Supreme Court's decision gives the legal basis for the courts ruling
false
Federal courts usually do not intervene into state court matters unless a _____ issue or law is involved
federal
when members of the senate wish to halt or delay the passage of a bill, a _____ may take place
filibuster
The established procedures and regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations are known as
formalized rules
the privilege of incumbents to send mail to their constituencies at the governments expense is known as the _____ privilege
franking
according to the doctor of judicial restraint, judges should
generally
The re-drawing of congressional boundaries to benefit a political party is called
gerrymandering
in financial terms, a federal agency must prove that it's proposed regulation
has benefits outweigh the costs
if the majority of the members of the House of Representatives a Republican, then every committee and subcommittee and the house will
have a majority of Republican members
what are unique and vital power does the cheif justice enjoy once the Supreme Court has reached a decision in the case
he chooses
One of the powers that presidents have is that they can appoint
heads of federal agencies
when a committee or subcommittee holds a ______, they are trying to gather information about a proposed bill
hearing
chain of command is another term for
hierarchical authority
The framers of the constitution anticipated that presidents would
hold limited legislative power
The beginning of a new presidential administration, which is often characterized by higher levels of public approval is known as
honeymoon period
Applet courts review which aspect of lower court decisions
how a lower court applied the law
The difference between amendments that can be offered in the house and senate to a bill under consideration is that in the
how's amendments must directly relate to a bills contents
which of the following circumstances help to create a powerful president
in decisive election victory, a major national problem
as a result of increased level of party polarization in the United States, which candidates face greater risk of losing the primary election
incumbent moderates
_____ typically benefit from gerrymandering because the majority party ensures that there are enough of the parties voters in the incumbents district to ensure their reelection
incumbents
donors are more willing to make campaign contributions to
incumbents
Progressives sought to give voters more power in choosing the president by
introducing the primary election system
events leading up to the Iowa caucus create a very important time for potential presidential candidates. This period of time is known as the
invisible primary
administrative law is the type of law that
is that by government agencies
what is the purpose of the writ of certiorari
it is an order from a higher court for a lower court to submit a record of a case to the higher court
which of the following statements about the war Powers act are true
it requires the president
a committee that is composed of members of both chambers of congress is known as a ______ committee
joint
One reason why standing committees are powerful is that they have by law
jurisdiction over bills in their designated policy area
which of the following are functions of congress
lawmaking representation oversight
which of the following are the functions of Congress
lawmaking representation oversight
an example of congress's _____ is when congress passes legislation that creates incentives for the development of alternative energy sources
lawmaking function
statutory laws are created by this branch of government
legislative
which brand of government has granted constitutional authority over government spending
legislative
the increase in party polarization in congress has led to increased
legislative gridlock
The practice in which members of Congress agreed to vote for a bill in exchange for their colleagues vote on another bill is called ______
log rolling
each of the 50 states
maintains its own court system
the party that controls the rules and has the most powerful leadership position in the house is the _____ party
majority
which of the following positions in the senate schedules debates on legislation
majority leader
the framers of the constitution granted congress to _____, the greatest of all powers of government
make laws
which type of spending obligates the government to meet special program commitments as long as the program is in existence
mandatory spending
The final authority of proving budgets for federal agencies rests with the
members of congress
elections held in the years between presidential elections are called ______ elections
midterm
A strong showing in early presidential election caucuses and primaries is known as
momentum
when major disruptive issues incumbents are
more likely to lose
President Ronald Ragan was viewed as
more powerful than President Jimmy Carter
your idea behind making the federal bureaucracy more demographically representative of the nation as a whole is that it will make the bureaucracy
more responsive to the people it serves
The merit based civil service system requires that workers be skilled in the jobs and willing to serve people of all political parties. These requirements are part of a concept known as
neutral competence
how many justices can sit on the supreme court
nine
which of the following correctly describes the executive authority that the constitution assigns the vice President
no executive authority
an open seat election is one in which
no incumbent is running
members of congress may experience conflict between their lawmaking responsibility and their responsibility to represent their constituency because
not all policies that are good for a nation as a whole coincide with the needs of their constituency
The Supreme Court tends to hear cases
of substancial legal significance
an _____ rule allows members to propose amendments that are relevant to any section of the bill
open
the authority to be the first court to hear a case is known as
original jurisdiction
ensuring that laws are being administered by the executive branch in the way intended by congress is an important function of congress and is known as
oversight
which of the following are common threats to incumbency
personal misconduct, disruptive issues, strong challengers
when foreign countries look to the United States for leadership, the direct their attention to the
president
historically, which Senate position has been honorary in nature
president pro tempore
in recent elections, the choice of the vice presidential candidate has mostly been made by the
presidential nominee
term precedent refers to
previous court rulings on similar cases
under the common law tradition, judges should base their decisions on
previous judicial rulings
in the US presidential campaign of 2012, neither major party Domine chose to use
public campaign financing
in recent elections, the Internet has greatly increase the ability of presidential candidates to
raise money for their campaigns
an increase in a presidents approval rating often occurs when there is a foreign crisis, and affect called
rallying around the flag
in regards pay and benefits, federal employees
receive good fringe benefits
which of the following our duties of the speaker of the house
recognizing scheduling
the sole purpose of a conference committee is to
reconcile differences in the house and senate versions of the bill
when congressional district boundaries are redrawn within a state, it is known as ______
redistricting
redistricting consists of
redrawing congressional district
The shift from a presidential nominating process dominated by party organizations to one based on state primaries and caucuses has
reduce the power, given voters
which of the following statements concerning the political orientation of supreme court justices is correct
republican appointees are more likely
appellate courts
review
the trend toward party unity in congress can clearly be seen in voting records of members congress when their votes are officially recorded during a _____-_____ vote
roll-call
bureaucrats make policy as they film the details necessary to implement legislation through the process of
rulemaking
which chamber of Congress has the power to remove the president from office
senate
by tradition, if the president fails to consult with the senator from the state where judicial appointment is made, the senator can request that confirmation be denied. This request is referred to as
senatorial courtesy
in terms of the budget to hire office staff,
senators receive varying house members receive identical
choosing committee chairs based on which member has the longest continuous tenure on a standing committee is an example of the ____ _____
seniority system
a permanent committee in congress is known as a _________ committee
standing
The structure of the state court systems is defined by
state law
incumbents have _____ over challenges
substancial advantages
A clause in legislation that such an expiration date for the authorized program unless Congress reauthorizes it is known as _____ clause
sunset
The emergence of _____ _____, groups that can pour money into a political campaign with few limits, has given challengers a better opportunity to unseat congressional incumbents
super PACs
campaigns primarily use which of the following media to persuade undecided voters
television
what occurs after a conference committee reconciles differences in the house and senate versions of a bill
the bill goes back to both chambers for a vote
which of the following about midterm elections are true
the presidents party usually loses seats there is less media coverage voter turnout is lower
who has the power to preside over the senate and vote in case of a tie but otherwise has little real authority in the senate?
the vice president of the united states
which of the following is the part of the executive office of the president that consists of the presidents closest direct personal advisors
the white house office
why do justices write concurring opinions
they agree
how do committees and subcommittees serve to decentralized power in Congress
they allow more members to hold leadership positions
which of the following statements about federal employees are true
they are mainly home through the merit system
which of the following are true of bills that are killed in committees
they can be brought some bills most
presidents are likely to be successful and powerful if
they face
presidents have more power in foreign policy making in part because
they have close relationships with the intelligence, diplomatic, and military agencies
amicus cariae briefs have what impact on the American legal system
they help
which of the following statements about congressional committees are true?
they make it possible they each specialize
which of the following statements about presidential commissions is trye
they provide
why have modern presidents increasingly relied on the mass media
to convey the message to the public in a favorable manner
which of the following is a right of the president pro tempore
to preside
True or false: full-time employees working in the US federal bureaucracy number in the millions
true
True or false: studies by political scientists have shown that supreme court justices tend to vote according to their political attitudes
true
how many votes does it take to remove the president from office
two thirds of the Senate
all but two states used the ______ in assigning their elect oral college votes. In this role, the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state receives all of the states elect Torel college votes
unit rule
why are incumbents at risk when elections are being waged in the context of disruptive issues
voters are more likely to believe those in power should be removed from office
Alexander Hamilton said that of all the branches of government, the Supreme Court was the
weakest
when is congressional oversight exercised vigorously
when members are intending when members are annoyed
when does a bill become a law?
when the president signs it when congress overrides a presidential veto
both political parties in the house have a _____, Who acts as a go-between with the leadership and the party members in the house
whip
which of the following are true concerning women and minorities who run for congressional office
women and minority are less likely women and minorities have a winning percentage
when do potential presidential candidates often begin positioning themselves for presidential office
years in advance of election day
expertise over other government workers because
your cats have trained and worked in specialized areas