exam 3

Federal courts address which two types of laws

-Federal statutory law -administrative laws

which of the following are examples of independent agencies

-NASA -CIA

how does public opinion affect Supreme Court decisions

-The court -The Supreme Court is less

which of the following descriptions of the US presidency are true

-The degree -it operates -The formal

which of the following monitor the federal bureaucracy is actions

-The president -Congress -the court system

which of the following are reasons why the president is better suited to oversee government activity and to develop a comprehensive public policy

-The president is able to direct actions of federal agencies -Final authority rests with a single individual

what are characteristics of job specialization in a bureaucracy

-a precise -the explicit

which of the following best explains why a member of Congress has chosen to a party leadership position

-ability to successfully promote the parties goals within Congress -demonstrated leadership ability -ability to work with the other party

most US presidents have

-been white -prior govt service -been male -been protestant

which of the following president can perform to hold bureaucratic agencies responsible for their actions

-budget -pick

presidents can influence the courts by

-choosing -influencing

as part of the policy formulation process, ideas for potential policies to the

-congress -white house

what are some reasons bureaucrats are accountable to Congress

-congress creates -congress funds

which of the following or tools available to the president to help hold the bureaucracy accountable and to make them more responsive to the will of the president

-executive -reform -initiatives

bureaucratic agencies can benefit from

-focusing -addressing

judges might not be able to use legal precedents if their cases

-have -fall

which of the following makes a Senate challenger more likely to be successful

-having strong public recognition -having access to large sums of money to fund the campaign -having an existing campaign organization

which of the following are most likely to persuade the Supreme Court justices to review a case

-if the legal issue -if the US government

which of the following are true statements about party conventions

-in the past, party -today, candidates

what are some of the reasons that Federal bureaucracy has grown so rapidly since the United States was founded

-increased demands on government -bureaucrats who wanted more power -The failures of state government bureaucracies

in relation to Congress, the president's power

-is limited -is more

The nominating process for the Supreme Court places high importance on which of the following aspects of a potential Supreme Court nominee

-legal credentials -political philosophy

which of the following statements about public financing of US presidential election is her correct

-minor party candidates -to qualify

if Congress is displeased with the bureaucracies performance or behavior, what are some actions it can take

-modify -cut its budget

compared with Republican presidents, Democratic presidents have appointed _____ to the federal bench

-more women -more minorities

in his role as chief diplomat, the president

-negotiate treaties with other nations -appoints ambassadors

civil servants are prohibited from doing which of the following

-negotiating -striking

which of the following are issued by the supreme court after hearing a case

-one or more opinions -a decision

the supreme court has

-original -appellate

which of the following referred to the system prior to the 1880s by which bureaucrats were hired

-patronage -spoils

what are the two primary ways to attain a merit based civil-service job

-performing well on a competitive exam -having specialized training

what is the irony of the presidency

-presidents get too much blame when things go poorly -presidents get too much credit when things go right

The shift from a presidential nomination process dominated by party organizations to one based on state primaries and caucuses has

-reduced -given

on major bills, it is increasingly typical for the majority party's leader to

-shape the bills broad content -direct the floor debate after the bill leaves the committee

members of Congress cannot claim to be the leader of the United States because they

-share -are elected

in making their decisions, what are the 3 main sources of law that judges consider in the united states?

-the constitution -U.S. -legal

which of the following are limits on judicial power

-the facts -the law

what legislation powers does the president possess

-the power of veto - the power to propose legislation to Congress

why are bureaucrats brought into the policy formulation process

-they -they

how are government corporation similar to private corporations

-they are governed by boards of directors -they charge for their services

which of the following statements correctly describe U.S. district courts

-they are the -they are the

what are some ways bureaucrats have expertise in their areas

-they have spent years working with particular policy's -they have scientific, technical, or other types of training

U.S. bureaucrats administer _____ of programs

-thousands

which of the following are considered criteria that the average American uses to evaluate presidential leadership

-whether the president is generally respected around the world -what are the president prioritizes -whether the president is a strong leader

which of the following are ways in which accountability is encouraged within bureaucracies

-whistleblower protections -administrated law judges -senior executive service

bureaucratic agencies are at odds with democratic principles because the agencies have

-workers who share permanent terms -a fixed hierarchy

put in order the following steps that a bill must pass through in order to become a law

1) a member 2) the bill is submitted 3) a majority 4) the president signs

reapportionment take place every ____ years following a census

10

The Federal bureaucracy experience it's greatest expansion during the

1930's

members of the House of Representatives typically serve on _____ committees, while members of the Senate serve on ______

2,4

in order to be a member of the senate, a person must be _____ years of age and a citizen for at least _____ years

30, 9

the cost for running for senate rose by more than _____ between 1990 and 2010

300%

compared to the 1980s, the cost of running for the house of representatives has risen by more than ____ in 2010

600%

in federalist no. _____, Alexander Hamilton Road about limiting the power of the president to declare war to those times when the United States is directly attacked

69

members of the US House of Representatives are reelected in ____ of races

92%

following oral argument, the Supreme Court justices meet in complete privacy and secrecy to discuss and vote on the case. This meeting of the justices is called

A judicial conference

respective tends to dominate over time amongst most high-ranking bureaucrats who have spent years working in the same agency

Agency point of you

economic problems usually affect the publics confidence in

American presidents

The Constitution establishes the Supreme Court. Which entity is empowered by the constitution to establish the lower federal courts

Congress

which institution has the most effect on presidential success

Congress

The executive office of the president include which of the following components

Council of economic advisers, office of management and budget, national security council, White House office

which of these presidential appointees are the most difficult for the president to control

Directors of federal departments and agencies

under which of the following presidents did the greatest expansion of presidential authority take place

Franklin Roosevelt

article 1 of the Constitution lists the powers of Congress in article 2 lists the powers of the presidency. Compared to article 1, the wording of article 2 is more

General

which chamber of Congress has the power to impeach the president

House

what is the source of judicial review

John Marshall's

in the house, both the full committee and a subcommittee may ____, or proposed changes to, a bill

Mark up

which two features of the presidency have enabled presidents to claim leadership on national policy

National election

The president's top advisers on matters related to foreign-policy make up part of the

National security council

when there is no incumbent running in an election it is called an ______ ________ election and usually sparks heavier spending by the two political parties

Open seat

executive office of the president consists of the office of the council to the president, the communications office, and the office of the

Press secretary

Who was the only US president to resign from office

Richard Nixon

which of the following statements does not apply to see you executive service bureaucrats

SES

_____ ______ refers to a practice were members of Congress respond to constitutents individual requests for information or help with the federal benefit or service

Service strategy

during the general election, presidential candidates focus most of their money and attention on

States that are competitive enough

which of the following statements concerning the Constitution and the judiciary is true

The Constitution is silent

which of the following documents revealed that President Lyndon Johnson had presented a falsely optimistic picture of the Vietnam war

The Pentagon papers

Who or what serves as the last or highest source for legal disputes in the United States

The Supreme Court

during a supreme court hearing, who presents oral arguments

The attorneys for each side

The American common law evolved from which legal system

The british system

what happens during the writing a Supreme Court opinion

The justice assigned to write the opinion will continue to speak with the other justices while preparing the opinion

what usually is the best indicator of how individuals supreme court justices vote on cases in which the court issues a divided decision

The justices political backgrounds

Studies have shown that many voters decide to vote for a particular presidential candidate during

The national party convention's

The number of electoral voters a state has in the electoral college is determined by what factor

The number of members it has in the house and the senate

which of the following is not part of the Missouri plan for selecting state-level judges

The political parties

political scientist Richard nuestadt contended that an effective president is successful in using

The power to persuade

imagine that a major event such as the September 11, 2001, attacks again took place on American soil. What would likely happened to the power of the president

The president's power would grow

what does political scientist's hugh heclo's term the illusion of presidential government refer

The publics believe that the president actually runs the entire government in the United States

which statement is true regarding decisions made by the US Court of Appeals

The vast majority

which president change the nature of the presidency at the beginning of the 20th century, adopting what he called the stewardship theory of the presidency

Theodore Roosevelt

True or false: Congress is an institution where many interests are represented, which is a strength in a diverse nation, yet Congress is also a place where narrow interests can block Congress from acting even when there's an important international need, which is a weakness

True

according to political scientist Richard nuestadt, A sign of presidential weakness is the

Veto

The only type of federal court that features two sides presenting a case to a jury for a verdict is

a District Court

supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall used the court to strengthen the judiciary and made legal decisions not explicitly discussed by the Constitution. These actions demonstrate and marshals use of judicial

activism

which of the following are activities that typically take place in a party caucus

adopting developing

the supreme court has

almost complete

The supreme court has

almost complete control in deciding the cases it will hear

in Congress, disagreement over national policy usually occurs

along partisan divisions

when citizens believe that they have been harmed by a bureaucratic decision, they can contest the ruling in front of

an administrative law judge

in the whig theory of leadership, the president serves mainly as

an administrator

to win the presidency, presidential candidates now need

an electoral majority

an open party caucus is

an open meeting that allows voters to express their preference for the political parties presidential nominee

The Constitution specifies that all federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, shall be

appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate

members of Congress cannot claim to be the leader of the United States because they

are elected, share power

third party presidential candidates

are not likely to be elected

when our presidents approval ratings usually the highest

at the beginning of their terms

why is the rules committee considered one of the most important committees in the house

because it decides the length of debatethat will occur on a bill and whether amendments will be allowed

which of the following strongly and positively affects a congressional candidate's ability to raise money and win an election

being an incumbent

the U.S. congress is a _______ legislature with two chambers, the house and the senate

bicameral

_______ is a proposed legislative act that if passed by both chambers of Congress and signed by the president becomes law

bill

Federal departments are each responsible for one

broad policy area

which committees in Congers are responsible for reviewing the presidents budget and for recommending overall spending and revenue levels

budget committees

when a president uses the presidential office as an opportunity to speak out on a matter of concern or to push for legislation, the president is using the office as a

bully pulpit

which of the following statements about an administrative agencies implementation of policy is correct

bureaucrats can only spend money appropriated by Congress

what is the earliest step of the resource allocation process

bureaucrats develop annual budget request for their agencies

The leaders of the top executive departments are collectively known as the presidents

cabinet

since Congress authorize his bureaucratic agencies, the agencies

can be sued in court at the party does not feel that the agency carried out the law properly

most members of Congress are

career politicians who want to stay in Congress and put themselves in position for reelection

during the policy implementation stage, bureaucrats must

carry out

to plan strategy and resolve policy issues, party members in Congress typically meet behind closed doors in a session called a party

caucus

the speaker of the house has the right to

choose speak select

12 of the 13 federal applet courts cover specific geographic regions, which are called

circuits

a constituency is comprised of

citizens from the incumbents state or district

groups in society that benefit directly from the bureaucratic agencies program in those usually lobby Congress and the president on behalf of the agency are known as a

clientele

to end a filibuster, sixty senators must agree to invoke ____ and end the debate

cloture

as ______, The president is the supreme military commander of the US Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard

commander-in-chief

among the reasons why congress has difficulty taking the lead on broad issues are facts that

congress has two chambers members of congress come from

what is the legislative branch equivalent of the office of management and budget in the executive branch

congressional budget office

compared to the powers of the presidency that George Washington assumed in 1989, the powers of the presidency that Barack Obama assumed in 2009 were

considerably more powerful

after 9/11 President Bush sought to streamline the intelligence bureaucracy and thus make it more efficient by

consolidating

members of Congress usually serve on congressional committees that concentrate on policy areas that affect the members'

constituency

which of the following circuit court has jurisdiction over appeals involving patents and international trade

court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

the type of state law that involves issues such as shoplifting, murder, and rape is known as ______ law

criminal

The role of presidential appointees to a federal bureaucracy is to provide

day-to-day

through the use of administrative powers, the president can

decide how laws will be implemented

The key to understanding the power of the presidency is a recognition that presidential power

depends on the occupant of the office

The Supreme Court, recognizing public opinion in the brown v. board of education case, required local school systems to

desegregate

select committees are

designed to address specific issue or a problem

the duties of each vice President

determined by the particular president with whom he or she serves

once the house and senate vote on their budget bills, what happens next

differences in house and senate

on major bills, its increasingly typical for the majority party's leaders to

direct shape

how does the public generally feel about Congress

dissatisfied

most of the bills congress passes are ______ in nature which means they provide benefits to a particular group in society while spreading the costs across the tax paying public as a whole

distributive

which type of federal court hears criminal cases

district courts

The scenario in which the president belongs to one political party while the opposition party has majority control of at least one chamber of Congress is known as

divided government

partisan voting occurs more often when members are voting on _____ issues that involve intense partisan differences

domestic policy

when public approval of a presidential administration is at high levels, it is usually

easier for a president to pursue initiatives

regulatory agencies were originally created to regulate ______ activities

economic

The organization of a bureaucracy is structured to achieve maximum

efficiency

which of the following could be considered personal misconduct that might lead to congressional incumbent losing a bid for reelection

engaging in bribery being involved in a sex scandal

The presidents _____ Power includes the responsibility to faithfully execute the laws of the nation an appointment at your administrators

executive

the federal budgetary process begins in the _______ branch, where in consultation with the office of management and budget (OMB) general budgetary guidelines are established

executive

over the course of American history, the powers of the president have ____ from those envisioned by the founding fathers

expanded

A whistleblower in the federal bureaucracy is a person who

exposes

True or false: president submits his budget to converse in April where it will undergo varying degree of change

false

True or false: the Supreme Court's decision gives the legal basis for the courts ruling

false

Federal courts usually do not intervene into state court matters unless a _____ issue or law is involved

federal

when members of the senate wish to halt or delay the passage of a bill, a _____ may take place

filibuster

The established procedures and regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its operations are known as

formalized rules

the privilege of incumbents to send mail to their constituencies at the governments expense is known as the _____ privilege

franking

according to the doctor of judicial restraint, judges should

generally

The re-drawing of congressional boundaries to benefit a political party is called

gerrymandering

in financial terms, a federal agency must prove that it's proposed regulation

has benefits outweigh the costs

if the majority of the members of the House of Representatives a Republican, then every committee and subcommittee and the house will

have a majority of Republican members

what are unique and vital power does the cheif justice enjoy once the Supreme Court has reached a decision in the case

he chooses

One of the powers that presidents have is that they can appoint

heads of federal agencies

when a committee or subcommittee holds a ______, they are trying to gather information about a proposed bill

hearing

chain of command is another term for

hierarchical authority

The framers of the constitution anticipated that presidents would

hold limited legislative power

The beginning of a new presidential administration, which is often characterized by higher levels of public approval is known as

honeymoon period

Applet courts review which aspect of lower court decisions

how a lower court applied the law

The difference between amendments that can be offered in the house and senate to a bill under consideration is that in the

how's amendments must directly relate to a bills contents

which of the following circumstances help to create a powerful president

in decisive election victory, a major national problem

as a result of increased level of party polarization in the United States, which candidates face greater risk of losing the primary election

incumbent moderates

_____ typically benefit from gerrymandering because the majority party ensures that there are enough of the parties voters in the incumbents district to ensure their reelection

incumbents

donors are more willing to make campaign contributions to

incumbents

Progressives sought to give voters more power in choosing the president by

introducing the primary election system

events leading up to the Iowa caucus create a very important time for potential presidential candidates. This period of time is known as the

invisible primary

administrative law is the type of law that

is that by government agencies

what is the purpose of the writ of certiorari

it is an order from a higher court for a lower court to submit a record of a case to the higher court

which of the following statements about the war Powers act are true

it requires the president

a committee that is composed of members of both chambers of congress is known as a ______ committee

joint

One reason why standing committees are powerful is that they have by law

jurisdiction over bills in their designated policy area

which of the following are functions of congress

lawmaking representation oversight

which of the following are the functions of Congress

lawmaking representation oversight

an example of congress's _____ is when congress passes legislation that creates incentives for the development of alternative energy sources

lawmaking function

statutory laws are created by this branch of government

legislative

which brand of government has granted constitutional authority over government spending

legislative

the increase in party polarization in congress has led to increased

legislative gridlock

The practice in which members of Congress agreed to vote for a bill in exchange for their colleagues vote on another bill is called ______

log rolling

each of the 50 states

maintains its own court system

the party that controls the rules and has the most powerful leadership position in the house is the _____ party

majority

which of the following positions in the senate schedules debates on legislation

majority leader

the framers of the constitution granted congress to _____, the greatest of all powers of government

make laws

which type of spending obligates the government to meet special program commitments as long as the program is in existence

mandatory spending

The final authority of proving budgets for federal agencies rests with the

members of congress

elections held in the years between presidential elections are called ______ elections

midterm

A strong showing in early presidential election caucuses and primaries is known as

momentum

when major disruptive issues incumbents are

more likely to lose

President Ronald Ragan was viewed as

more powerful than President Jimmy Carter

your idea behind making the federal bureaucracy more demographically representative of the nation as a whole is that it will make the bureaucracy

more responsive to the people it serves

The merit based civil service system requires that workers be skilled in the jobs and willing to serve people of all political parties. These requirements are part of a concept known as

neutral competence

how many justices can sit on the supreme court

nine

which of the following correctly describes the executive authority that the constitution assigns the vice President

no executive authority

an open seat election is one in which

no incumbent is running

members of congress may experience conflict between their lawmaking responsibility and their responsibility to represent their constituency because

not all policies that are good for a nation as a whole coincide with the needs of their constituency

The Supreme Court tends to hear cases

of substancial legal significance

an _____ rule allows members to propose amendments that are relevant to any section of the bill

open

the authority to be the first court to hear a case is known as

original jurisdiction

ensuring that laws are being administered by the executive branch in the way intended by congress is an important function of congress and is known as

oversight

which of the following are common threats to incumbency

personal misconduct, disruptive issues, strong challengers

when foreign countries look to the United States for leadership, the direct their attention to the

president

historically, which Senate position has been honorary in nature

president pro tempore

in recent elections, the choice of the vice presidential candidate has mostly been made by the

presidential nominee

term precedent refers to

previous court rulings on similar cases

under the common law tradition, judges should base their decisions on

previous judicial rulings

in the US presidential campaign of 2012, neither major party Domine chose to use

public campaign financing

in recent elections, the Internet has greatly increase the ability of presidential candidates to

raise money for their campaigns

an increase in a presidents approval rating often occurs when there is a foreign crisis, and affect called

rallying around the flag

in regards pay and benefits, federal employees

receive good fringe benefits

which of the following our duties of the speaker of the house

recognizing scheduling

the sole purpose of a conference committee is to

reconcile differences in the house and senate versions of the bill

when congressional district boundaries are redrawn within a state, it is known as ______

redistricting

redistricting consists of

redrawing congressional district

The shift from a presidential nominating process dominated by party organizations to one based on state primaries and caucuses has

reduce the power, given voters

which of the following statements concerning the political orientation of supreme court justices is correct

republican appointees are more likely

appellate courts

review

the trend toward party unity in congress can clearly be seen in voting records of members congress when their votes are officially recorded during a _____-_____ vote

roll-call

bureaucrats make policy as they film the details necessary to implement legislation through the process of

rulemaking

which chamber of Congress has the power to remove the president from office

senate

by tradition, if the president fails to consult with the senator from the state where judicial appointment is made, the senator can request that confirmation be denied. This request is referred to as

senatorial courtesy

in terms of the budget to hire office staff,

senators receive varying house members receive identical

choosing committee chairs based on which member has the longest continuous tenure on a standing committee is an example of the ____ _____

seniority system

a permanent committee in congress is known as a _________ committee

standing

The structure of the state court systems is defined by

state law

incumbents have _____ over challenges

substancial advantages

A clause in legislation that such an expiration date for the authorized program unless Congress reauthorizes it is known as _____ clause

sunset

The emergence of _____ _____, groups that can pour money into a political campaign with few limits, has given challengers a better opportunity to unseat congressional incumbents

super PACs

campaigns primarily use which of the following media to persuade undecided voters

television

what occurs after a conference committee reconciles differences in the house and senate versions of a bill

the bill goes back to both chambers for a vote

which of the following about midterm elections are true

the presidents party usually loses seats there is less media coverage voter turnout is lower

who has the power to preside over the senate and vote in case of a tie but otherwise has little real authority in the senate?

the vice president of the united states

which of the following is the part of the executive office of the president that consists of the presidents closest direct personal advisors

the white house office

why do justices write concurring opinions

they agree

how do committees and subcommittees serve to decentralized power in Congress

they allow more members to hold leadership positions

which of the following statements about federal employees are true

they are mainly home through the merit system

which of the following are true of bills that are killed in committees

they can be brought some bills most

presidents are likely to be successful and powerful if

they face

presidents have more power in foreign policy making in part because

they have close relationships with the intelligence, diplomatic, and military agencies

amicus cariae briefs have what impact on the American legal system

they help

which of the following statements about congressional committees are true?

they make it possible they each specialize

which of the following statements about presidential commissions is trye

they provide

why have modern presidents increasingly relied on the mass media

to convey the message to the public in a favorable manner

which of the following is a right of the president pro tempore

to preside

True or false: full-time employees working in the US federal bureaucracy number in the millions

true

True or false: studies by political scientists have shown that supreme court justices tend to vote according to their political attitudes

true

how many votes does it take to remove the president from office

two thirds of the Senate

all but two states used the ______ in assigning their elect oral college votes. In this role, the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state receives all of the states elect Torel college votes

unit rule

why are incumbents at risk when elections are being waged in the context of disruptive issues

voters are more likely to believe those in power should be removed from office

Alexander Hamilton said that of all the branches of government, the Supreme Court was the

weakest

when is congressional oversight exercised vigorously

when members are intending when members are annoyed

when does a bill become a law?

when the president signs it when congress overrides a presidential veto

both political parties in the house have a _____, Who acts as a go-between with the leadership and the party members in the house

whip

which of the following are true concerning women and minorities who run for congressional office

women and minority are less likely women and minorities have a winning percentage

when do potential presidential candidates often begin positioning themselves for presidential office

years in advance of election day

expertise over other government workers because

your cats have trained and worked in specialized areas