exam 3 - bus 444

A functional dependency is a particular relationship between two ________.

A) Attributes

An entity ________ is a single occurrence of an entity type.

Instance

What unique characteristic(s) distinguish(es) each object from other objects of the same type?

Primary key

A(n) ________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.

Relationship

A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value forevery entity instance.

Required attribute

The other deliverable from conceptual data modeling is a full set of entries about data objects that will be stored in the project dictionary, repository, or data modeling software.

T

The process of conceptual data modeling begins with developing a conceptual data model for the system being replaced, if a system already exists. This is essential for planning the conversion of the current files or database into the database of the new system.

T

An entity has its own identity that distinguishes it from each other entity.

T /

A recursive relationship is also known as a ________ relationship.

Unary

During logical database design, you must account for every data element on a system input or output form or report and on the ________.

A) E-R diagram

A default value is the value that a ________ will assume unless an explicit value is entered for it.

A) Field

A(n) ________ must satisfy referential integrity, which specifies that the value of an attribute in one relation depends on the value of the same attribute in another relation.

A) Foreign key

A functional dependency between ________ key attributes is also called a transitive dependency.

A) Non-primary

A relation is a named, ________-dimensional table of data. Each relation (or table) consists of a set of named columns and an arbitrary number of unnamed rows.

A) Two

A(n) ________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

Associative entity

A(n) ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.

Attribute

On what basis are objects referenced, selected, qualified, sorted, and categorized?

Attributes and secondary keys

A relation is in ________ if every non-primary key attribute is functionally dependent on the whole primary key.

B) 2NF

A(n) ________ is the smallest unit of application data recognized by system software, such as a programming language or database management system.

B) Field

In logical database modeling and design, we combine normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical database model; this step is called view ________.

B) Integration

Normalized relations are, of course, the result of ________ database design.

B) Logical

________ is a process for converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures.

B) Normalization

A ________ table is a named set of rows and columns that specifies the fields in each row of the table.

B) Physical

Logical and ________ database design is typically performed in parallel with other systems design steps.

B) Physical

A(n) ________ is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data.

B) Pointer

A(n) ________ is an attribute (or combination of attributes) whose value is unique across all occurrences of a relation.

B) Primary key

Each partition is stored in a separate contiguous section of disk space, which Oracle calls a(n) ________.

B) Tablespace

The ________ families of file organizations cover most of the file organizations we will have at our disposal as we design physical files and databases.

B) Three

________ is NOT a valid type of partitioning method in relational database products.

C) Boundary

Each ________ in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation.

C) Column

A(n) ________ is a coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data.

C) Data type

A ________ is an attribute that appears as a non-primary key attribute in one relation and as a primary key attribute (or part of a primary key) in another relation.

C) Foreign key

There are ________ key steps in logical database modeling and design.

C) Four

A ________ value is a special field value, distinct from a zero, blank, or any other value, that indicates that the value for the field is missing or otherwise unknown.

C) Null

One purpose of database design is to structure the data in stable structures, called normalized tables, that are not likely to change over time and that have minimal ________.

C) Redundancy

In a ________ database model, data is represented as a set of related tables or relations.

C) Relational

A(n) ________ is one field or a combination of fields for which more than one row may have the same combination of values.

C) Secondary key

In some situations, two or more attributes may have different names but the same meaning, as when they describe the same characteristic of an entity. Such attributes are called ________.

C) Synonyms

A well-structured relation is a relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and that allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without error or inconsistencies and is also known as a ________.

C) Table

In ________ normal form, non-primary key attributes do not depend on each other (what we call no transitive dependencies).

C) Third

A ________ key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.

Candidate

A(n) ________ is an attribute that has meaningful component parts.

Composite attribute

________ is the process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields.

D) De-normalization

We begin the physical design phase by addressing the design of physical fields for each attribute in a ________ data model.

D) Logical

The result of normalization is that every ________ key attribute depends upon the whole primary key.

D) Non-primary

The key should be ________; that is, no attribute in the key can be deleted without destroying its unique identification.

D) Non-redundant

In logical database design, we use a process called ________, which is a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity, non-redundancy, and minimal maintenance.

D) Normalization

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may not have a value forevery entity instance.

D) Optional attribute

A computer operating system stores data in a ________, which is a named set of table rows stored in a contiguous section of secondary memory.

D) Physical file

In a relation, each row is unique and uniqueness is guaranteed because the relation has a non-empty ________ key value.

D) Primary

Each entity type in the E-R diagram becomes a relation. The identifier of the entity type becomes the ________ of the relation, and other attributes of the entity type become non-primary key attributes of the relation.

D) Primary key

Each ________ of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.

D) Row

In a hashed file organization, the address of each ________ is determined using an algorithm.

D) Row

In ________ normal form, each non-primary key attribute is identified by the whole key (what we call full functional dependency).

D) Second

During requirements structuring, a ________ model represents conceptual data requirements for a particular system.

Data

An ________ model is a detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area.

E-R

Each entity type in an E-R model is given a ________ because it represents a class or set, it is singular.

Name

A unary relationship is a relationship between the instances of ________ entity type(s).

One

Similar attributes of different entity types should use ________ but distinguishing names.

Similar

A common mistake many people make when they are just learning to draw E-R diagrams, especially if they already know how to do data flow diagramming, is to confuse data entities with ________ and relationships with data flows.

Sinks

An entity ________ is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.

Type

C. touch screen

User fatigue is a potentially high usability problem associated with which device? A. graphics tablet B. mouse C. touch screen D. keyboard

In most situations, many physical database design decisions are implicit or eliminated when we choose the ________ technologies to use with the application.

A) Data management

In some situations, a single attribute name, called a(n) ________, may have more than one meaning or describe more than one characteristic.

A) Homonym

A(n) ________ is a file organization in which rows are stored either sequentially or non-sequentially, and an index is created that allows software to locate individual rows.

A) Indexed file organization

________ database design is driven not only from the previously developed E-R data model for the application or enterprise but also from form and report layouts.

A) Logical

Each regular entity type in an E-R diagram is transformed into a(n) ________.

B) Relation

Entries in cells are simple and an entry at the intersection of each row and column has a ________ value.

B) Single

A ________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.

Binary

A(n) ________ data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.

Conceptual

In logical database modeling and design, we translate the ________ E-R data model for the application or enterprise, developed without explicit consideration of specific user interfaces, into normalized data requirements.

D) Conceptual

The ________ of a relationship is the number of entity types that participate in that relationship.

Degree

A(n) ________ is an attribute whose value can be computed from related attribute values.

Derived attribute

A(n) ________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.

Entity

The primary deliverable from the physical data modeling step within the analysis phase is an E-R diagram.

F ?

C. scrolling navigational pages

"Avoid placing navigational links below where a page opens because many users may miss these important options that are below the opening window," is a tip to avoid which error? A. opening a new browser window B. lack of navigational support C. scrolling navigational pages D. buttons that provide no click feedback

B. closure

"Dialogues should be logically grouped and have a beginning, middle, and end," is related to which guideline for the design of human-computer dialogues? A. reversal B. closure C. control D. consistency

B. Selection

"Entry methods should be consistent and reflect the size of the application and sophistication of the users," falls under which category for menu design guidelines? A. Length B. Selection C. Wording D. Organization

D. wording

"Menu items should be displayed in mixed uppercase and lowercase letters and have a clear, unambiguous interpretation," falls under which category for menu design guidelines? A. Selection B. Length C. Organization D. Wording

A. help on menu

"What does 'Graphics' mean?" is an example of a question asked during which type of help? A. help on menu B. help on concepts C. help on help D. help on words

The ________ defines the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

Cardinality

A ternary relationship is a simultaneous relationship among instances of ________ entity type(s).

Three

An entity ________ is described just once in a data model, whereas many ________ of that may be represented by data stored in the database.

Type; instances

B. missing data

Which test is done to check for existence of data items in all fields of a record? A. self-checking digits B. missing data C. templates D. expected values

The capability to split a table into separate sections, often called ________, is possible with most relational database products.

A) Partitioning

Which relation is created with primary key and non-key attributes only?

A) Regular entity

In a relation, the sequence of columns can be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the ________.

A) Relation

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.

Multi-valued attribute

C. narrative overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do task characteristics appear? A. testing and usability assessment B. database design C. narrative overview D. interface and dialogue design

A. testing and usability assessment

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do user satisfaction and other perceptions appear? A. testing and usability assessment B. database design C. narrative overview D. interface and dialogue designs

C. narrative overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues does interface/dialogue name appear? A. testing and usability assessment B. database design C. narrative overview D. interface and dialogue design

D. Appending

Which of the following errors can occur when adding additional characters to a field? A. Truncating B. Transcripting C. Transporting D. Appending

D. templates

Which test is done to ensure that data conform to a standard format? A. expected values B. self-checking digits C. missing data D. templates

A. show

"Provide examples of proper use and the outcomes of such use," is related to which guideline for designing usable help? A. Show B. Manage C. Simplicity D. Organize

The most common format used for data modeling is ________ diagramming.

Entity-relationship

Event entity types should be named for the result of the ________, not the activity or process of the event.

Event

A physical data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.

F ?

Conceptual data modeling is not done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during systems analysis.

F ?

C. interface and dialogue designs

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do dialogue sequence diagram(s) and narrative description appear? A. testing and usability assessment B. database design C. interface and dialogue designs D. narrative overview

C. narrative overview

Under which design specification category for interfaces and dialogues do system characteristics appear? A. testing and usability assessment B. database design C. narrative overview D. interface and dialogue design