exam 3 business

Which of the following is the first step in human resource planning?

Assessing external and internal trends

Which of the following financial documents shows a listing of all the organization's assets and liabilities at a given point in time?

Balance sheet

In the control process, which of the following steps follows the measurement of performance?

Comparing performance against standards

Which of the following is true of organizational control?

Control can help an organization adapt to environmental change.

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur?

Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero

_____ focuses on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained those goals.

Expectancy theory

Clara plays offensive pranks at her workplace, which were so far encouraged by her colleagues. To make sure that she does not repeat such behaviors, managers at the organization instruct her colleagues to ignore her actions. The reinforcement method adopted by the organization is _____.

Extinction

Which of the following reinforcement methods can be used to weaken behaviors?

Extinction

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

Fixed-interval

What is the most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory?

For rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair.

Which of the following is an effective individual strategy for managing diversity?

Fostering tolerance

Which of the following is a typical cause of task-demand stress?

Having to make fast decisions with incomplete information

Which of the following summarizes the financial performance of an organization over a period of time?

Income statement

_____ is a spontaneous breakthrough that occurs after the preparation and incubation phases of the creative process.

Insight

_____ is a systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization.

Job analysis

_____ is the process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union.

Labor relations

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory?

Organizational behavior modification

_____ is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs.

Performance appraisal

_____ are work-related behaviors that can be derived from the psychological contract.

Performance behaviors

_____ is a reward system wherein an organization pays an employee a certain amount of money for every unit he or she produces.

Piece-rate incentive plan

Justin is rewarded a significant pay raise for his contributions to the organization. This motivates him to put in more hard work and better performances. The organization has used _____ to strengthen his behavior.

Positive reinforcement

_____ control attempts to monitor the quality or quantity of resources before they enter an organization.

Preliminary

Which of the following is an example of dysfunctional behavior?

Racial harassment

Which of the following shows income that the organization expects to receive from normal operations?

Revenue budget

Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback processes?

Screening control

A company that specializes in indoor farming has recently acquired a large warehouse. Which of the following budgets will this company use to determine and plan the area available for various functions?

Space budget

Which of the following is a basic perceptual process?

Stereotyping

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute.

Stereotyping

_____ also contains the National Emergency Strike provision, which allows the president of the United States to prevent or end a strike that endangers national security.

The Taft-Hartley Act

Venus LLC has recently recruited a new batch of employees, and the HR manager intends to apprise company rules to the employees. Which of the following training methods is most preferable in this scenario?

The lecture method

An employee at a mid-size organization argues that she has made more sales in a particular quarter than another employee. Which of the following features will the organization's control system possess in order to confirm this claim?

Verification procedures

Under which of the following circumstances will an employee feel a need deficiency?

When she feels she is underpaid

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness.

Workplace behavior

Brenda, a senior engineer at Machineworks Inc., sets herself difficult goals and assumes personal responsibility for the performance of her subordinates. Brenda most likely has a high need for _____.

achievement

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as _____.

agreeableness

Charlie's belief that only luck determines what happens to him portrays that he has _____.

an external locus of control

An organization that relies on strict rules and a rigid hierarchy and insists that employees meet minimally acceptable levels of performance most likely uses _____ structural control.

bureaucratic

Christine admires her friend Paul's extraverted nature. She knows that he is always ready to meet with her and other colleagues to share ideas. Christine's knowledge about Paul portrays the _____ component of her attitude.

cognitive

Financial analysts look at a company's _____ ratio to determine if it can make interest payments on borrowed capital.

coverage

In the business world, the term _____ is generally used to refer to demographic differences among people-differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and so forth.

diversity

A(n) _____ compares different elements of a balance sheet or an income statement to one another.

financial ratio

The purpose of bureaucratic control is to:

get employee compliance.

A(n) _____ occurs when a manager allows the assessment of an employee on one dimension to spread to ratings of that employee on other dimensions.

halo error

An individual who experiments with new ideas and gambles on new products is said to have a(n) _____.

high risk propensity

The set of activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce is called _____.

human resource management

A(n) _____ represents a special compensation opportunity that is usually tied to performance.

incentive

A major advantage of incentives relative to merit systems is that:

incentives do not accumulate by becoming part of an individual's salary.

Personal attributes that vary from one person to another are called _____.

individual differences

When human resource managers determine how much each worker in a particular wage grade will be paid, they are making a(n) _____ decision.

individual wage

In organizations, sales forecasting, economic forecasting, and environmental analysis are examples of the control of _____ resources.

information

The assessment center:

is a content-valid simulation of major parts of the managerial job.

An organization with a diverse workforce:

is most likely to have a competitive advantage.

The _____ lists the duties of a job, the job's working conditions, and the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform it.

job description

An attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs is known as _____.

job evaluation

You are reading a document that says that a job applicant must have good writing skills, be a citizen of the United States, and have a degree in management. You are reading a(n) _____.

job specification

Organizations that use the bureaucratic control are characterized by:

limited employee participation.

A tendency to be generally downbeat and pessimistic, and seeming to be in a bad mood is called _____.

negative affectivity

​Quality control is a type of _____ control.

operations

Individual behavior that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization is called _____.

organizational citizenship

Steve Perez, a senior manager at Lanset Inc., is satisfied to contribute to his organization in spite of receiving a lower salary than what other organizations might offer him. Steve's attitude reflects his _____.

organizational commitment

Employees at an accounting agency are prohibited from using social networking websites while at work. Their personal e-mails are also closely monitored for reasons of confidentiality. The control system at this organization suffers from:

overcontrol.

Individuals become aware of and interpret information about their environment through a set of processes called _____.

perception

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation.

performance

Frederic is hired as a reporter for a popular news organization. He is expected to write, edit, and proofread stories within deadlines. The organization's expectations are referred to as:

performance behaviors.

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called as _____.

person-job fit

According to Maslow, an individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy _____ needs

physiological

Organizations provide adequate wages, comfortable temperatures, restrooms, ventilation, etc. as a means to address the _____ needs of its employees.

physiological

Patricia, a joyful personality, is disgruntled on hearing that Terry, a subordinate, has moved ahead of her for a promotion. Realizing that Terry has been rewarded for his potential, she congratulates him and returns to her normal self. Patricia's mood swing portrays a high degree of _____.

positive affectivity

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using:

positive reinforcement.

Everyone working or volunteering for Girl Scouts goes through a background check before they can work with girls or handle money. This is an example of:

preliminary control.

Nelson recently attended an interview where the HR manager showed him a video of an ordinary work day in the organization and explained in detail the expectations of the job. The HR manager also explained about the criteria for promotions in the company. Although some of the information did not appeal to Nelson, he was sure about what to expect from the job and the company. The organization used the _____ method in the interview.

realistic job preview

An organizational _____ is the formal and informal mechanisms by which employee performance is defined, evaluated, and awarded.

reward system

Before submitting a final policy memo, analysts may modify certain recommendations based on feedback from experts and the general public. This is an example of _____ control.

screening

Fred has seen some movies depicting wars that took place in Iraq-all directed by women-which were so inaccurate that he refuses to see another war movie. Fred assumes that women are incapable of creating war movies. Fred's assumptions are an example of _____.

stereotyping

The report issued about a major packaging defect showed a culture at an organization that did not listen when small safety issues were raised. Each issue by itself might not have caused the flaw. This example illustrates:

the need for control in order to reduce the accumulation of errors.

A criticism against executive compensation in recent years is that:

there seems to be no relationship between organization's performance and executives' compensations.

In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired.

training

A value associated with the outcomes of a performance is called its _____.

valence