Exam 3 Multiple Choice

Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex

parietal lobe

In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that _______

push against hair cells when removed

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to

rapid mechanical pressure

visyal imagery is to _____ as auditory imagery is to ________

V1: A1

Along each strip of somatosensory cortex, different sub-areas respond to ____.

ability to locate where they are being touched

The ability to hear a note and identify it perfectly is called

absolute pitch

What is the intensity of a sound wave called

amplitude

Loudness is to ______ as rich is to ______

amplitude; frequency

What is a dermatome

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

A tonotopic map refers to a(n)

auditory cortex map of sounds

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

bar in a particular orientation

according to the frequency theory, the ______

basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

Each spinal nerve has

both a sensory and a motor component

The scala vestiboli makes up part of the

cochlea

Reduced response to one taste after exposure to another is referred to as ____.​

cross adaptation

Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in

difficulty in responding to sequences of sounds

The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the

dorsal stream

Meisener's Corpuscle are ____

elaborate neuron endings for touch

Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.

frequency theory; place theory

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes

hair cells to displace

Itching is primarily the rebut of

histamine release

in the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition

horizontal cells

A sound shadow refers to

how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

How many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have

hundreds

Elderly persons sometimes have a decrease in a(n) ___________ neurotransmitter that effect the noise content of their auditory input

inhibitory

Which of the following is true for nerve deafness

it can result from damage to the cochlea

Suppose someone has a genetic defect that a prevents the formation of horizontal cells in the retina. Which visual phenomenon is most likely to be impaired

lateral inhibition

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders

lateral inhibition

The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to _________

magnocellular neurons in the periphery

In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to __________

mechanical displacement

Conductive deafness is also known as

middle ear deafness

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.​

movement

Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of

movement of objects and sound

The vomeronasal organ is a set of receptors located

near, but separate from the olfactory receptors

What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?

nerve

Olfactory receptors carry their message to the

olfactory bulb

Where are the auditory receptors cells located

on the basilar membrane

The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to which substances

opiates

Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation

semicircular canals and otolith organs

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

somatosensory

The sensory aspect of pain activates the _____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activities the ____ cortex

somatosensory; cingulate

What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain

substance P

To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent

temporal

an acceleration of the head at any angle causes

the jellylike substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells

Which statement is true of various types of somatosensation

they are at least partly distinct all the way form the respecters to the cerebral cortex

Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones

they covert airwaves into aves of greater pressure

The primary visual cortex sends its information

to area V2

A distinctive feature of itch is that it relies on

usually slow axons

What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"

whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location