Exam 3 Multiple Choice
Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex
parietal lobe
In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that _______
push against hair cells when removed
Pacinian corpuscles respond best to
rapid mechanical pressure
visyal imagery is to _____ as auditory imagery is to ________
V1: A1
Along each strip of somatosensory cortex, different sub-areas respond to ____.
ability to locate where they are being touched
The ability to hear a note and identify it perfectly is called
absolute pitch
What is the intensity of a sound wave called
amplitude
Loudness is to ______ as rich is to ______
amplitude; frequency
What is a dermatome
an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve
A tonotopic map refers to a(n)
auditory cortex map of sounds
What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?
bar in a particular orientation
according to the frequency theory, the ______
basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
Each spinal nerve has
both a sensory and a motor component
The scala vestiboli makes up part of the
cochlea
Reduced response to one taste after exposure to another is referred to as ____.
cross adaptation
Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in
difficulty in responding to sequences of sounds
The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the
dorsal stream
Meisener's Corpuscle are ____
elaborate neuron endings for touch
Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.
frequency theory; place theory
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes
hair cells to displace
Itching is primarily the rebut of
histamine release
in the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition
horizontal cells
A sound shadow refers to
how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound
How many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have
hundreds
Elderly persons sometimes have a decrease in a(n) ___________ neurotransmitter that effect the noise content of their auditory input
inhibitory
Which of the following is true for nerve deafness
it can result from damage to the cochlea
Suppose someone has a genetic defect that a prevents the formation of horizontal cells in the retina. Which visual phenomenon is most likely to be impaired
lateral inhibition
What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders
lateral inhibition
The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to _________
magnocellular neurons in the periphery
In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to __________
mechanical displacement
Conductive deafness is also known as
middle ear deafness
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.
movement
Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of
movement of objects and sound
The vomeronasal organ is a set of receptors located
near, but separate from the olfactory receptors
What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?
nerve
Olfactory receptors carry their message to the
olfactory bulb
Where are the auditory receptors cells located
on the basilar membrane
The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to which substances
opiates
Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation
semicircular canals and otolith organs
What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?
somatosensory
The sensory aspect of pain activates the _____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activities the ____ cortex
somatosensory; cingulate
What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain
substance P
To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent
temporal
an acceleration of the head at any angle causes
the jellylike substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells
Which statement is true of various types of somatosensation
they are at least partly distinct all the way form the respecters to the cerebral cortex
Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones
they covert airwaves into aves of greater pressure
The primary visual cortex sends its information
to area V2
A distinctive feature of itch is that it relies on
usually slow axons
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"
whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location
