Exam 3 psych (chapter 13-16)

Ran and Kim have decided to provide their child with toys that are traditionally considered "boy toys" and toys that are traditionally considered "girl toys." What are they seeking to do? Mold the child's self-identity. Reinforce gender stereotypes. Raise their child androgynously. Increase the child's self-efficacy.

Raise their child androgynously.

The fact that personality traits tend to shift similarly across time and culture suggests that personality is ______. highly variable across people biologically driven dependent upon culture contextually guided

biologically driven

Which is a symptom of diabetes? weight gain hyperactivity blurred vision decreased thirst

blurred vision

Today, what percentage of adults have married by age 45? 60% 90% 80% 70%

80%

In some countries cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage. How does this differ from countries where it is viewed as a precursor to marriage? Individuals show lower levels of devotion when cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage. Individuals are more stigmatized when cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage. Individuals have a less official standing when cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage. Individuals receive more legal rights when cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage.

Individuals receive more legal rights when cohabitation is considered an alternative to marriage.

Which can best alleviate job burnout? making friends at work having the support of family considering a career change better management of workloads

better management of workloads

Happy spouses are more likely to ______ during arguments. maintain positive emotions endure feelings of discontent miscommunicate implement criticism

maintain positive emotions

Which activity exemplifies using crystallized intelligence? analyzing an issue solving a dilemma identifying a need memorizing vocabulary words

memorizing vocabulary words

Post-formal cognitive development depends on experience and ______, or the ability to reflect on one's own thought process. metacognition dualistic thinking epistemic cognition relativistic thinking

metacognition

Jericha, a woman in her mid-40s, feels that she has failed to do anything substantial with her life. After experiencing a divorce, she decides to go back to college to earn a nursing degree. What has Jericha most likely experienced? generativity stagnation midlife crisis empty nest

midlife crisis

Possible selves impact individuals in middle adulthood by creating ______. well-being motivation stress balance

motivation

Personality ______ through transitions from young adulthood through middle adulthood to older adulthood. becomes more negative develops completely changes drastically remains stable

remains stable

Boomerang children are adult children who ______. move far from home are more successful than their parents decide to change careers return to live with their parents

return to live with their parents

The grandparent role provides adults opportunities to ______. establish late-in-life care feel less isolated complete identity formation satisfy generative needs

satisfy generative needs

Which of the following reflects a current trend in grandparenting? Adults are becoming grandparents later. Adults who become grandparents earlier experience more reward. Grandparents are younger on average. Later grandparenting is associated with less positive mental health.

Adults are becoming grandparents later.

Couples usually have different health and risk-taking behaviors. True False

False

Divorce typically causes more adjustment difficulties for men than it does for women. True False

False

Fluid and crystallized intelligence are interdependent. True False

False

Most colleges are oriented toward nontraditional students. True False

False

How would a man who is higher in neuroticism likely react to an upcoming employee review? He would be ready to accept critical feedback. He would become very anxious about the results. He would be confident that he will do well. He would prepare for the review beforehand.

He would become very anxious about the results

What typically happens when middle-aged adults' emerging adult children need them for emotional and financial support? Need for support from adult children increases parents' perception of control over their own lives. If the adult children are perceived as needier than other young adults, parental well-being is decreased. Need for support from adult children decreases parents' perception of control over their own lives. If the adult children are perceived as needier than other young adults, parental well-being is increased.

If the adult children are perceived as needier than other young adults, parental well-being is decreased

Which of the following is a criticism of Levinson's theory? It provides little help to those experiencing a midlife transition. It overemphasizes the influence of context. It does not accurately portray the timeframe for self-reflection. It was devised based on a study of one population.

It was devised based on the study of one population.

According to research on the Big 5 Personality traits, which of the following people is likely to be the healthiest? Alise, who is open Joan, who is conscientious Pete, who is extraverted Steve, who is neurotic

Joan, who is conscientious

Which of the following is true regarding age and adjustment to divorce? 1. Neither younger nor middle aged couples have much difficulty adjusting to divorce. 2. Younger and middle-aged couples have about the same amount of difficulty adjusting to divorce. 3. Middle-aged couples have less difficulty adjusting to divorce than younger couples do. 4. Younger couples have less difficulty adjusting to divorce than middle aged couples do

Middle-aged couples have less difficulty adjusting to divorce than younger people do.

What has research shown with regard to the occurrence of midlife crises? Women are more likely than men to experience a midlife crisis. Most adults over age 40 report never having experienced a midlife crisis. Individuals from marginalized groups are least likely to experience midlife crises. All adults experience midlife crises, but the severity varies along a continuum.

Most adults over age 40 report never having experienced a midlife crisis.

What challenges do researchers face when attempting to study middle adulthood? There are few opportunities for psychological awakening during this stage. It covers only a small range of developmental milestones. There are many potential ways adults navigate this stage. It is a stage associated with static views and outcomes.

There are many potential ways adults navigate this stage.

Why is it typically easier for young adults to explore their identities than children? They are no longer under parental control but still lacking adult responsibilities. They are typically without jobs and are only attending college. They are working in highly fulfilling jobs that were chosen based upon their interests. They are gaining adult responsibilities and becoming financially independent.

They are no longer under parental control but still lacking adult responsibilities.

Which of the following is a likely outcome for women who successfully transition from a divorce? They become more self-reliant. They have more career success. They become more cautious. They have more money.

They become more self-reliant

Leslie and Hannah are college students who say they have "hooked up" in the context of a party. Each says they feel some regret about the hookups. What is the most likely reason that Leslie and Hannah feel regret about hooking up in this context? They had elevated levels of school-related stress. They had impaired judgment due to alcohol consumption. They were experiencing issues related to social anxiety. They were forced into sexual activity.

They had impaired judgement due to alcohol consumption

Why do unmarried, noncohabiting mothers face more financial challenges? They are more likely to have a significant other to support. They are more likely to have multiple children. They have typically had less educational opportunities. They frequently have to financially support extended family.

They have typically had less educational opportunities.

Why is pregnancy less likely as women age? They lose all reproductive capabilities. They have surgical procedures to lose capabilities. They ovulate less regularly. They have sex less frequently.

They ovulate less regularly

How does parenthood influence gender identity in middle adulthood? Women feel more independent after they become mothers. Traditional roles tend to be discarded once children are born. Men become more active in the home after they become fathers. Traditional gender roles tend to take over once children are born.

Traditional gender roles tend to take over once children are born

It is recommended to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week in order to experience many health benefits. True False

True

Job satisfaction increases more with age for white-collar professionals over blue-collar workers. True False

True

Most fathers who work share child and household responsibilities with their wives. True False

True

Severe partner violence that goes on for an extended period of time and involves coercive control is known as intimate terrorism. True False

True

The double standard regarding sexuality reveals that men typically receive social rewards for sexual behavior while women receive social penalties. True False

True

Women are more influenced by their partner's distress than men are. True False

True

Why does memory decline as we age? Our brains are less aroused by visual stimuli that are used to improve working memory. By middle adulthood, most adults have had concussions that affect their memory capacities. We are less able to tune out irrelevant information, leaving less space in working memory. We are better able to remember things that happened a long time ago.

We are less able to tune out irrelevant information, leaving less space in working memory.

Parents report that ______ is the most stressful stage of parenting. adolescence adulthood infancy the toddler stage

adolescence

Abby is often the person others prefer to work with on projects at work because she is very helpful and cooperative. Which trait is Abby likely high in? openness extraversion agreeableness conscientiousness

agreeableness

Which of the following is most likely to increase the likelihood of experiencing a difficult transition to grandparenthood? becoming a grandparent sooner than peers becoming a grandparent after all of their children are adults living far away from the grandchild having a grandchild of the opposite sex

becoming grandparents sooner than peers

Which is a risk factor in developing diabetes? being chronically dehydrated eating a high-protein diet experiencing chronic high levels of stress being overweight

being overweight

Binge drinking impacts college life as it ______. is a social activity that complicates peer interactions can interfere with academic performance and physical health is a safe, healthy way of meeting new people in larger social settings can help students relax so they can relieve school-related stress

can interfere with academic performance and physical health

Which factor contributes to physical development in aging? career choices number of friends childhood poverty practiced religion

childhood poverty

Which activity is most closely tied to political identity? participation in organized religious activities exploration of cultural attitudes development of gender identity civic engagement

civic engagement

Mai is at a luncheon with her friends. The restaurant is very loud, and she overhears her name at another table. Despite this, she is able to focus on the conversation with her friends. What is this called? cocktail party effect maintaining attention identifying target stream inhibiting irrelevant information

cocktail party effect

The effects of sexual assault include a higher risk of ______. losing friendships and other relationships having difficulty keeping a job developing anorexia developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Which activity is an individual able to perform at the same level throughout adulthood? running quickly lifting something heavy balancing on a balance beam doing yoga

doing yoga

For first-time parents, a reward they experience is ______. shifts in responsibilities increased self-esteem a more equal household enhanced meaning in life

enhanced meaning in life

What helps middle-aged adults' information processing capacities? increasing age inhibition of information experience with multitasking expertise in unfocused attention

experience with multitasking

How can colleges and universities best support the needs of nontraditional students? extending hours of campus services providing more day classes offering bookstore discounts featuring more campus activities

extending hours of campus services

Which is implicated in declines in fluid intelligence tasks over the adult years? frontal lobe function perceptual function hippocampal function temporal lobe function

frontal lobe function

Match each theory of middle adulthood development with its definition. fulfilling the need to help others or remain self-focused Select option midlife crisis generativity vs. stagnation stage Levinson's seasons of life shifting priorities due to the overall organization of one's life evaluating one's life and making changes

generativity vs. stagnation stage Levinson's seasons of life midlife crisis

Which is an example of subtle discrimination? hiring a White youth over a Black youth with more skills having a younger employee pick up a box for an older employee who has no physical restrictions telling a woman that she should not work but needs to be a stay-at-home mom instead ignoring a Hispanic woman's request to fill out a job application

having a younger employee pick up a box for an older employee who has no physical restrictions

Attending college is associated with which of the following? identity development learning obedience nonnormative experiences delayed emotional development

identity development

What is the purpose of the dermis? It is the protective layer of skin. It is responsible for taut skin. It produces new skin cells. It gives skin its flexibility.

it gives skin its flexibility

Which situation demonstrates a normative age-graded event in the United States? moving away from home at age 30 getting married at age 68 graduating college at age 45 learning to drive at age 16

learning to drive at age 16

Evaluations of problems and solutions are influenced by ______. subjective and objective information metacognition environment logic and emotion

logic and emotion

Leo is an obese adult who is attempting to lose weight. He is currently talking to a nutritionist who is having him evaluate his lifestyle to understand more about the reasons why Leo might be having difficulties with losing weight. Given this context, which factor will Leo need to consider? stress at his job mutations in his genetic makeup family genetic history neighborhood access to places to exercise

neighborhood access to places to exercise

Match the personality trait with its description. curious, explorative, and creative disciplined, responsible, and planful trusting, cooperative, and caring

openness conscientiousness agreeableness

A woman in her early 50s notices that her menstrual cycle is lasting 2 days less than normal. She also begins to feel hot flashes. What is she likely experiencing? menarche osteoporosis perimenopause menopause

perimenopause

Julia is trying techniques to reduce and manage stress in her life that is related to her job. Which technique might be particularly effective for Julia to try? physical activity massages indulging in a dessert a day spent alone

physical activity

An individual believes that immigrants should follow the legal naturalization process but also understands that some need to do whatever is necessary to escape extreme violence or poverty. This individual is engaging in ______. relativistic thinking metacognition epistemic cognition dualistic thinking

relativistic thinking

Audrey is a 19-year-old girl who is increasingly interested in meditation and community service. Which identity domain is Audrey exploring? sexual identity political identity ethnic-racial identity religious identity

religious identity

Clem and Zoe are an opposite-sex married couple living in the United States. They have just had their first child. As first-time American parents, their familial roles are most likely to ______. remain egalitarian in nature remain satisfying with a new child shift to traditional marital roles be easy to adjust to

shift to traditional marital roles

Match each occupational stage with its description. setting occupational goals and pursuing the education needed establishing a career and adapting to changes in the workplace completing training and entering the job market thinking about careers and interests

specification stage stabilization stage implementation stage crystallization stage

How might a man's sperm production be affected? age, where younger men produce less sperm a woman's ability to ovulate stress or substance use diets high in protein

stress or substance abuse

Which of the following has the largest impact on how older adults feel about themselves? subjective age attention span culture memory abilities Incorrect. Subjective age, or the

subjective age

How do young adults in developing countries most often define adulthood? getting married and having children having a stable income taking responsibility for one's actions caring for elderly parents

taking responsibility for one's actions

Why does job satisfaction typically go up as we age? We worry less about small stressors on the job. We are more motivated by extrinsic rewards. We become more satisfied by intrinsic rewards. We are less attuned to interpersonal problems at work.

we become more satisfied by intrinsic rewards