EXAM 3 REVIEW

The _____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

trilobites

A characteristic seen only in mammals is:

All of these

A coelem provides several benefits, including:

All of these

Hagfishes are differentiated from all other fishes in that:

All of these

What distinguishes a polychaete from an oligochaete?

All of these

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

Arthropoda

The _____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

Mesoderm

Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not completely lined with _____. These animals include _____ and roundworms.

Mesoderm; rotifers

Which of these are amniotes?

More than one of these is correct

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. They are members of the phylum:

Nematoda

A new species of aquatic chordate is dicovered that's closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

No jaws

Internal fertilization, leather your amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

Nonbird reptiles

Most representatives of the phylum Porifera gain nutrition as:

None of these

Which of the following is an amniote?

None of these

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

centipedes

A spider would be much less harmful if it lacked:

chelicerae

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed in specialized cells called:

cnidocytes

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess

collar cells

Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in:

crustaceans

Lancelets are:

filter feeders

Members of the class Bivalvia:

have a mantle that may form pearls.

Annelids:

have a segmented body.

Sea stars eat:

mostly bivalves.

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to:

sea anemones

Placoid scales of epidermal origin are found on:

sharks

The earliest mammals resembled small:

shrews

Adult tunicates resemble ______ and are ______.

sponges; filter feeders

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

suspension-feeding devices

Horseshoe crabs belong to:

the class Merostomata

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of tracheae

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical

Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:

All of these

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrae classes?

Amphibia

In the accompanying figure, which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of the fish?

5

Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following structures places this fish in the class Actinopterygii?

7

Frogs are members of the order:

Anura

To which of the following are the the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?

Chondrichthyan teeth

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

Cnidaria

Snakes are most closely related to:

lizards

Which of the following arthropod groups is almost exclusively aquatic in habitat?

Crustacea

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Examine the teeth

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their _____. This allows transfer of _____ from one worm to the other.

clitellum; sperm

One of the disadvantages of exoskeletons in arthropods is that:

they must be shed when the animal grows

If flatworms lacked protonephridia:

they would have difficulty with fluid balance

The heart of amphibians has ______ chambers. The hearts of birds and mammals have _______ chambers.

three; four

One adaptation of insects that is specific to only this group among all arthropods is:

wings

At which point did lungs evolve?

3

Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive to least inclusive.

3,4,1,5,2

At which point did the amniote egg evolve?

5

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Birds

The diverse body plans seen in animalia apparently developed during the

Cambrian

The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

Cephalochordata

A closed circulatory system is found in the:

Cephalopoda

Members of the subphylum ______ lack antenna but possess unique mouthparts, which are not mandibles.

Chelicerata

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from

Endoderm

Examination of the fossils of archaeopteryx reveals that, in common with extant birds, it had

Feathers

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?

Feathers

Bivalves are:

Filter feeders

All Cephalic organisms

Have bilateral symmetry

Members of the class ____ include blood-sucking parasites.

Hirudinea

The protostome coelomates are divided into 2 major groups, the:

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs

Is a coelom lined by mesoderm

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth

If a marine invertebrate were placed in fresh water, it would have difficulty surviving because

It would have difficulty with osmoregulation

What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?

Partial or complete skull

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan

Porifera

Determinate cleavage takes place in _____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is _____

Protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process.

The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?

Sponges

Which taxon is not included in the class Amphibia?

Squamata

Which of the following belongs to the lobe-fin clade?

Tetrapods

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrates success in relatively dry environments?

The shelled, amniotic egg

There is no evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved

The swim bladder from a lung

What do cnidarians and flatworms have in common

They are acoelomates

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions

Which of the following describe echinoderms?

Tubefeet provide motility in most species

Free-living flatworms belong to the class:

Turbellaria

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be:

a Chondrichthyean

Although corals can capture prey, they also depend on _____ for nutrition.

a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic zooxanthellae

A stalked, sessile marine organism has several feathery feeding structures surrounding an opening through which food enters. Which of the following traits, if found in this organism, would allow the greatest certainty of identification?

a water vascular system

The superclass Tetrapods includes:

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Which of the following does not characterize arthropods?

an incomplete digestive tract

In deuterostomes the first opening develops into the

anus

Most mollusks are:

arboreal

Sponge larvae:

are flagellated and able to swim

As adults, _____ are sessile crustaceans.

barnacles

The only living descendant of the dinosaurs are the:

birds

Tapeworms

bodies consist of hundreds of reproductive segments

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

A Trichinella infection is most common in individuals who:

eat undercooked pork

Sea cucumbers will _____ when environmental conditions become dangerous.

eject their digestive tract, respiratory structures, and gonads.

If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating parasitic flukes?

eliminate freshwater snails

Digestion in a sponge takes place in:

individual cells

The first function of feathers was most likely:

insulation

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearence?

lancelets

Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the ______ shows the basic chrordate characteristics.

larva

The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:

lay eggs

Marsupials include the:

opossum

Extinct jawless fish include the:

ostracoderms

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

poisonous salivary secretions

Deuterostomes are characterized by _____ and _____ cleavage.

radial; indeterminate

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?

vertebrae

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

Sharks may detect their prey using all of the following except:

None of these

Which of the following is not an adaptation of reptiles for life in a terrestrial habitat?

None of these

Currently, for any organism to be considered as an animal it must

Not be an autotroph

The presence of a swing bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still

Not sink

Ctenophores exhibit what symmetry

Radial symmetry

Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?

Ray-finned fishes

Which of the following adaptations is associated with the ability of birds to fly?

All of these

Which of the following animals has an open circulatory system?

All of these

Which of the following is a craniate animal?

All of these

If you are going to go fishing in fresh water you most likely will use members of which phylum and class as bait?

Annelida: Oligochaeta

Jaws first occured in which extant group of fishes?

Chondrichthyans

Their scales most closely resemble teeth in both structure and origin.

Chondrichthyans

Female birds lay their egg down, thereby facilitating flight by reducing weight. Which strategy seems most likely for female bats to use to achieve the same goal?

Limit litters to a single embryo

Animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel are the:

rotifers

Comb jellies move by:

rows of cilia

Ctenophores capture food by:

sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates