EXAM 3 REVIEW
The _____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.
trilobites
A characteristic seen only in mammals is:
All of these
A coelem provides several benefits, including:
All of these
Hagfishes are differentiated from all other fishes in that:
All of these
What distinguishes a polychaete from an oligochaete?
All of these
Which class of animals has the largest number of species?
Arthropoda
The _____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.
Mesoderm
Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not completely lined with _____. These animals include _____ and roundworms.
Mesoderm; rotifers
Which of these are amniotes?
More than one of these is correct
You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. They are members of the phylum:
Nematoda
A new species of aquatic chordate is dicovered that's closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?
No jaws
Internal fertilization, leather your amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of
Nonbird reptiles
Most representatives of the phylum Porifera gain nutrition as:
None of these
Which of the following is an amniote?
None of these
Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:
centipedes
A spider would be much less harmful if it lacked:
chelicerae
In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed in specialized cells called:
cnidocytes
Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess
collar cells
Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in:
crustaceans
Lancelets are:
filter feeders
Members of the class Bivalvia:
have a mantle that may form pearls.
Annelids:
have a segmented body.
Sea stars eat:
mostly bivalves.
The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:
scolex
Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to:
sea anemones
Placoid scales of epidermal origin are found on:
sharks
The earliest mammals resembled small:
shrews
Adult tunicates resemble ______ and are ______.
sponges; filter feeders
Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as
suspension-feeding devices
Horseshoe crabs belong to:
the class Merostomata
Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:
the use of tracheae
Echinoderms are unique because:
their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical
Within the chordate classes, the unique characteristic of the class Aves is:
All of these
Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrae classes?
Amphibia
In the accompanying figure, which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of the fish?
5
Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following structures places this fish in the class Actinopterygii?
7
Frogs are members of the order:
Anura
To which of the following are the the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?
Chondrichthyan teeth
From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:
Cnidaria
Snakes are most closely related to:
lizards
Which of the following arthropod groups is almost exclusively aquatic in habitat?
Crustacea
Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?
Examine the teeth
Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their _____. This allows transfer of _____ from one worm to the other.
clitellum; sperm
One of the disadvantages of exoskeletons in arthropods is that:
they must be shed when the animal grows
If flatworms lacked protonephridia:
they would have difficulty with fluid balance
The heart of amphibians has ______ chambers. The hearts of birds and mammals have _______ chambers.
three; four
One adaptation of insects that is specific to only this group among all arthropods is:
wings
At which point did lungs evolve?
3
Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive to least inclusive.
3,4,1,5,2
At which point did the amniote egg evolve?
5
Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?
Birds
The diverse body plans seen in animalia apparently developed during the
Cambrian
The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:
Cephalochordata
A closed circulatory system is found in the:
Cephalopoda
Members of the subphylum ______ lack antenna but possess unique mouthparts, which are not mandibles.
Chelicerata
The lining of the digestive tube is formed from
Endoderm
Examination of the fossils of archaeopteryx reveals that, in common with extant birds, it had
Feathers
What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant birds from other extant vertebrates?
Feathers
Bivalves are:
Filter feeders
All Cephalic organisms
Have bilateral symmetry
Members of the class ____ include blood-sucking parasites.
Hirudinea
The protostome coelomates are divided into 2 major groups, the:
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs
Is a coelom lined by mesoderm
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?
It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment
Which statement best describes a lophophore?
It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth
If a marine invertebrate were placed in fresh water, it would have difficulty surviving because
It would have difficulty with osmoregulation
What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?
Partial or complete skull
Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan
Porifera
Determinate cleavage takes place in _____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is _____
Protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process.
The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?
Sponges
Which taxon is not included in the class Amphibia?
Squamata
Which of the following belongs to the lobe-fin clade?
Tetrapods
Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrates success in relatively dry environments?
The shelled, amniotic egg
There is no evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved
The swim bladder from a lung
What do cnidarians and flatworms have in common
They are acoelomates
Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?
They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions
Which of the following describe echinoderms?
Tubefeet provide motility in most species
Free-living flatworms belong to the class:
Turbellaria
A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be:
a Chondrichthyean
Although corals can capture prey, they also depend on _____ for nutrition.
a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic zooxanthellae
A stalked, sessile marine organism has several feathery feeding structures surrounding an opening through which food enters. Which of the following traits, if found in this organism, would allow the greatest certainty of identification?
a water vascular system
The superclass Tetrapods includes:
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Which of the following does not characterize arthropods?
an incomplete digestive tract
In deuterostomes the first opening develops into the
anus
Most mollusks are:
arboreal
Sponge larvae:
are flagellated and able to swim
As adults, _____ are sessile crustaceans.
barnacles
The only living descendant of the dinosaurs are the:
birds
Tapeworms
bodies consist of hundreds of reproductive segments
Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.
diffusion
A Trichinella infection is most common in individuals who:
eat undercooked pork
Sea cucumbers will _____ when environmental conditions become dangerous.
eject their digestive tract, respiratory structures, and gonads.
If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating parasitic flukes?
eliminate freshwater snails
Digestion in a sponge takes place in:
individual cells
The first function of feathers was most likely:
insulation
Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearence?
lancelets
Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the ______ shows the basic chrordate characteristics.
larva
The monotremes are an unusual group of mammals because they:
lay eggs
Marsupials include the:
opossum
Extinct jawless fish include the:
ostracoderms
Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?
poisonous salivary secretions
Deuterostomes are characterized by _____ and _____ cleavage.
radial; indeterminate
Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?
vertebrae
The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:
water vascular system
Sharks may detect their prey using all of the following except:
None of these
Which of the following is not an adaptation of reptiles for life in a terrestrial habitat?
None of these
Currently, for any organism to be considered as an animal it must
Not be an autotroph
The presence of a swing bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still
Not sink
Ctenophores exhibit what symmetry
Radial symmetry
Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?
Ray-finned fishes
Which of the following adaptations is associated with the ability of birds to fly?
All of these
Which of the following animals has an open circulatory system?
All of these
Which of the following is a craniate animal?
All of these
If you are going to go fishing in fresh water you most likely will use members of which phylum and class as bait?
Annelida: Oligochaeta
Jaws first occured in which extant group of fishes?
Chondrichthyans
Their scales most closely resemble teeth in both structure and origin.
Chondrichthyans
Female birds lay their egg down, thereby facilitating flight by reducing weight. Which strategy seems most likely for female bats to use to achieve the same goal?
Limit litters to a single embryo
Animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel are the:
rotifers
Comb jellies move by:
rows of cilia
Ctenophores capture food by:
sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates
