Exam 3 zoo 141
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram serve as attachment sites for tendons of the shoulder muscles?
A, C, D, E
b and f
Which two panels in the figure show a movement of a bone away from the midline of the body?
synovial joint
Which type of joint permits this type of movement? 1. Synovial joint 2. Cartilaginous joint 3. Fibrous joint
Which of the following is a correct description of arthroplasty?
c) surgically replacing a joint with an artificial joint
largest of the tarsal bones is the
calcaneus
Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?
calcium and phosphorous
Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?
calcium and phosphorus
What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called?
canaliculi
Which of following bones is NOT a tarsal bone?
capitate
Which is not a function of the skeletal system?
carbohydrate storage
When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?
cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts
A child has learned how to draw circles in the air by moving the distal end of the index (pointing) finger while holding the rest of his hand still. What type of movement is this?
circumduction
Which type of movement involves a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction resulting in a distal body part moving in a circle?
circumduction
This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
clavicle
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
clavicle
Which is secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?
collagen fibers
An elderly woman trips and falls. She puts out her hand to try to stop her fall, and ends up with a fracture of the lower arm. An x-ray shows that at the break, many pieces of bone have a splintered and fragmented appearance. Which type of fracture does this woman have?
comminuted fracture
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?
communication
Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?
compact bone
Like other _____, bone tissue contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.
connective tissues
A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a
crest
which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
d: anterior medial
What structure in the diagram is the only place on a long bone NOT covered by the periosteum?
e
Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Pott's fracture?
e
Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteocyte?
e
Which layer of hyaline cartilage allows the diaphysis to grow in length?
epiphyseal plate
Where could red marrow be found in adult bones?
epiphysis
Which region of a long bone articulates with other bones?
epiphysis
Which is not a function of calcium in the body?
epithelium function
anterior to sphenoid posterior to nasal contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve
ethmoid
Which cranial or facial bone has the cribriform plate, a porous structure through which the olfactory nerves pass into the nasal cavity?
ethmoid bone
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting range of motion of a joint?
eversion
Which of the following structures include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint?
extracapsular ligaments
The medial and lateral condyles are distal features of which bone of the lower limb?
femur
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?
femur, patella (kneecap), tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
What type of joint connects teeth to their bony sockets?
fibrous
A gomphosis is which type of joint?
fibrous and a syndesmosis
An occipital bone is a ______ bone.
flat
what type of bone is the scapula?
flat
what type of bone is the occipital bone?
flat bone
Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are
flat bones
Bending the trunk f0rwArd at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular movement?
flexi0n
A body builder is doing curls, a type of arm exercise, with hand weights. In a curl, the body builder bends his arm and brings the weight closer to his or her shoulder. What type of movement is this?
flexion
Nodding head "yes" center to front as if letting the chin tough the chest is what type of movement?
flexion
Which of the following represents a type of movement where there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones?
flexion
Which of the following is a type of angular movement?
flexion extension abduction adduction *all of these are examples of angular movement
An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a:
foramen
Near the center of the diaphysis, the nutrient artery and vein pass through a hole in the compact bone called the nutrient ________.
foramen
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the repair of a bone fracture?
fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling
Which of the following phases of fracture repair includes fibroblasts making new collagen fibers?
reparative
jaw
retraction
In the pelvic girdle, the two hip bones unite posteriorly with the sacrum to form the __________ joint.
sacroiliac
Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane?
sagittal
Which of the following bones of the wrist is more likely to be fractured when a person puts out their hand to break their fall?
scaphoid
Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the levels of second and seventh vertebrae?
scapula
Which of the following bones articulate at the glenohumeral joint?
scapula and humerus
Which condition is characterized by a lateral bending of the vertebral column in the thoracic region?
scoliosis
Bursae are saclike structures that are commonly found between bone and
skin. muscle. ligaments. tendons. *all the other answer selections.*
axis down the body
skull, thoracic cage, spinal cord
"keystone" articulates with every other cranial bone
sphenoid
The sella turcica is a feature of which bone? It also has a depression that provides a bony enclosure for the pituitary gland.
sphenoid bone
Which bone articulates with all other cranial bones and provides stability to the cranial floor.
sphenoid bone
Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?
to maintain a sterile environment within the joint cavity
Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.
trabeculae
The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the
transverse process of a thoracic vertebra.
Which of the following substances are stored in the structure of adult bones for use by other tissues in the body?
triglycerides phosphorous iron *more than one of these substances is stored in bone calcium
Which of the following structures on the ulna receives the trochlea of the humerus?
trochlear notch
Disuse of a limb, like would occur when the limb is in a cast, leads to muscular atrophy and _____ of the affected joint.
decreased range of motion
A common facial expression which indicates shock or surprise is when one's mouth drops open. The chin drops and the mouth opens wide. What type of movement is this (hint: it occurs at the temporomandibular joint)?
depression
What is another name for the shaft of a long bone?
diaphysis
Which functional class of joints contains joints that are freely movable? 1. Synarthrosis 2. Amphiarthrosis 3. Diarthrosis
diarthrosis
In the diagram, where is the olfactory foramina?
e
In the diagram, where is the palatine bone?
e
In the diagram, which bone is considered the keystone of the cranial floor?
e
Which of the following bone markings on the scapula is an indentation into which the head of the humerus fits?
glenoid cavity
Where is the vertebral body?
h
Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?
osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
______ is a basic structural cylinder-like unit of compact bones.
osteon
A highly vascularized and innervated tough connective tissue sheath that covers the external surface of bones, and contains osteoprogenitor cells is called:
periosteum
What is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone called?
periosteum
The altlanto-axial joint that permits us to shake head "no" in what type of joint?
pivot
What are the three correct components of the nasal septum?
vomer, septal cartilage, and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?
with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength
Which feature goes with the knee joint?
zona orbicularis radial annular ligament acetabular labrum *medial and lateral menisci* glenoid labrum
Which structure in the image below represents an osteon, the structural unit of compact bone?
(entire round portion)
Which of the bone features listed below contribute to the elbow joint?
*1 capitulum *2 head of the radius *3 trochlear notch of the ulna *4 trochlea 5 olecranon
Which bone is NOT a part of a knee joint?
*A. fibula B. tibia C. patella D. femur
Which bone is the flat bone? short bone?
a b
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fontanels?
*fontanels are important areas where oxygen can pass through to the developing brain in infancy* -fontanels allow the head to expand in size to accommodate the brain growth that occurs in the first two years of life fontanels allow the skull to change shape during the passage of the infant though the birth -canal, and then allow the skull to regain its shape following birth -infants are usually born with six major fontanels (though he or she may have some smaller ones), all of which will ossify and become incorporated into the bones of the skull in two years or less -fontanels will become ossified by intramembranous ossification
Which of the following is not a hole or other kind of opening through a bone?
*fossa* foramen meatus fissure
In terms of bone health, why would a physician advise an older patient to do more weight bearing activity such as walking, jogging, or use of moderate weights?
-it promotes normal bone remodeling -osteoblasts deposit more minerals salts and collagen fibers as a response to mechanical stress -being sedentary (not physically active) -promotes bone loss through resorption by osteoclasts -bone formation in stressed bones is stimulated by the tug of muscles (when exercising)
Articular discs 1. maintain the stability of a joint. 2. direct flow of the synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction. 3. are made of hyaline cartilage. 4. are only found in the vertebral column.
1 and 2
Which of the following structures is used to reduce friction in joints? 1. Bursae 2. Synovial fluid 3. Accessory ligaments 4. Elastic fibers
1 and 2
Which of the following types of joints do NOT have a synovial cavity? 1. Fibrous joints 2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints
1 and 2
Which distal feature(s) of the humerus articulate with the proximal head of the radius? 1 capitulum 2 radial fossa 3 trochlea
1 and 2 only
Which bones form the acetabulum? 1 ilium 2 ischium 3 pubis
1 ilium 2 ischium 3 pubis
Which of the following types of joints lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue? 1. Fibrous joints 2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints
1 only
A person who has what is often called head cold will have difficulty breathing through their nose and will notice that their voice sounds different from when they don't have a cold. Which aspect of the functions of the paranasal sinuses helps explain this? 1. swelling of mucous membrane, and congestion from overproduction of mucus within the sinuses reduces the flow of air through the sinuses, giving that stuffy feeling 2. the air being warmed in the sinuses is becoming overly warmed and dried from fever, affecting the voice 3. congested sinuses result in smaller spaces for the voice to resonate (echo), so the voice sounds different than it normally does
1&3
How many phalanges are in each hand?
14
Which of the following is a type of fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull? 1. Syndesmoses 2. Gomphosis 3. Suture
3 only
Which is the proper sequence of steps in the healing of a fracture (the steps are listed below but are not in the correct sequence of events): 1 osteoblasts form trabecular bone that joins together the fractured ends of the bone and bony callus replaces fibrocartilage callus 2 bone remodeling occurs and compact bone replaces the spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture site 3 fibroblasts and chondrocytes from the periosteum form the fibrocartilage callus 4 a fracture hematoma forms and bone cells in the region of the fracture die 5 phagocytes and osteoclasts begin to remove the dead cells and damaged tissue around the hematoma
4, 5, 3, 1, 2 4- fracture hematoma forms and bone cells in the region of the fracture die 5- phagocytes and osteoclasts begin to remove the dead cells and damaged tissue around the 3- fibroblasts and chondrocytes from the periosteum form the fibrocartilage callus 1- osteoblasts form trabecular bone that joins together the fractured ends of the bone and bony callus replaces fibrocartilage callus 2- bone remodeling occurs and compact bone replaces the spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture site
In the diagram of the humerus, this structure receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.
A
Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteogenic cell?
A
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth?
A
Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones?
A (at top and bottom)
The effect of aging result in
A. a decreased production of synovial fluid. B. a thinner articular cartilage. C. shorter and less flexible ligaments. *D. all of the above.*
All synovial joints:
A. are enclosed by an articular capsule. B. contain a cavity filled with synovial fluid between articulating bones. C. are diarthrosis. D. all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cartilaginous joint?
A. pubic symphysis B. intervertebral disks C. epiphyseal growth plate D. interosseous membrane
hich ligament limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents the anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur?
Anterior cruciate ligament
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the
radius
In the diagram of the ulna and radius, where is the radial tuberosity?
B
In the diagram, where is the trabeculae?
B
What type of bone cell starts forming the bone matrix?
B
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are circumferential lamellae?
B
Which of the structures in the image below represents concentric lamellae, the layers of mineralized extracellular matrix in bone tissue?
B
where is the articular cartilage located?
B
Where is the epiphyseal vein? part 2: nutrient artery
B H
Which of the following is NOT a function of joints? A. Joints allow our body parts to bend. B. Joints produce movement. C. Joints hold bones together. D. All of the above are the functions of joints.
B. Joints produce movement
In which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity?
C
Which bone cell in the diagram below is a mature bone cell that helps maintain bone tissue?
C
What is inflammation of one or more costal cartilage called?
Costochondritis
In the diagram of the humerus, where is the trochlea?
D
Where in the figure is the periosteum located?
D
Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteoclast?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the cessation of bone growth?
D
Which structure in the image below is one of a series of *small channels* that connect adjacent osteocytes with each other and with central canals. These canals allow nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to be properly routed even when a cell isn't immediately next to a blood vessel?
D
Which of the following is not considered a "special movement" that occurs at only certain joints?
Depression Protraction Elevation Supination *All of these are special movements*
Which special movement occurs when you bend your foot at the ankle in the direction of the foot's superior surface as would occur when you stand on your heels?
Dorsiflexion
Which of the following is the correct term for the knee joint?
tibiofemoral joint
In the diagram, where is the central (Haversian) canal?
E
Where in the diagram is the endosteum located?
E
Which of the structures in the image below is a tissue that *protects bone surfaces*, assists in healing fractures, stabilizes the entry and exit points of blood vessels associated with bone tissue, and provides a firm attachment site for tendons and ligaments?
E
1 the head of the femur is completely replaced by a prosthesis 2 the acetabulum is replaced by an artificial acetabulum 3 part of the shaft of the femur is replaced
Examine the sequence of images below. These show a total hip replacement. Why is this arthroplastic procedure considered a total replacement, and not partial?
Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?
Females
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
Fibula
In the diagram of the wrist and hand, where is the capitate bone?
G
Where in the figure is spongy bone located?
G
Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores triglycerides in adult bones?
G
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are composed of trabeculae, which are bony structures that lack osteons?
G
Which type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another?
Gliding
Which of the following diseases is characterized by sodium urate crystals being deposited in the soft tissues of joints?
Gouty arthritis
Which of the following is a structural category of synovial joints?
Hinge Planar Condyloid Saddle *all of the above
Which of the following is a factor affecting range of motion of a joint?
Hormones Structure of articulating bones Tension of the muscles Disuse
vomer
Identify bone "F" in figure
occipital condyl
Identify structure "D" in figure:
inferior process/facet
Identify structure "F" in figure:
synovial membrane
Identify the structure on this image labeled C.
In the standard anatomical position, the _____ is the bone of the pelvis found the most superior.
Ilium
C
In the diagram of the wrist and hand, where is the trapezoid bone?
c
In the diagram, what represents a pivot joint?
H
In the diagrams of the pelvis, where is the ischial tuberosity?
e
In the figure, what represents a saddle joint?
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of synovial joints?
Include elastic cartilage
Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is FALSE?
It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone.
Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans?
L4
Which of the following bones contains a sac that collects tears and passes them into the nasal cavity?
Lacrimal
Which of the structures listed below is NOT part of the knee joint?
Lateral malleolus of the fibula
Which of the following is the largest foramen in the human skeleton?
Obturator foramen
What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas?
Odontoid process
The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n)
Open (compound) fracture
Which of the following is a degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost due to a combination of aging, obesity, wear and abrasion of the joints?
Osteoarthritis
F
Which structure in the pelvis is where the longest nerve in the body passes?
Which of the following activities has the greatest effect on bone remodeling and bone deposition?
RUNNING and jumping
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sella turcica is a bony depression found in this cranial bone.
Sphenoid
The pituitary gland is contained in a depression found in this cranial bone.
Sphenoid
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
Support for vertebral column. Attachment site for lower limbs. Attachment site for gluteal muscles. Attachment site for lower limbs and for gluteal muscles. +All of these choices are correct.
The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint?
Synchondrosis
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to bones of the skull?
The bones of the skull contain foramina but no fissures.
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the male and female pelves? acetabulum pectilineal line lesser sciatic notch pubic symphysis ischial tuberosity ilium and ischium ilium and pubis the anterior edge of the acetabulum and the pubis the ischium and pubis the ilium, ischium, and pubis The angle of the female pubic arch is greater than that of the male. The female obturator foramen is oval, whereas that of the male is round. The female pelvic inlet is heartshaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval. The female pelvis is more flexible than that of the male. The male false (greater) pelvis is deeper than that of the female.
The female pelvic inlet is heartshaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the human hand?
There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges
What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus region of intervertebral discs?
To help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column
C
Trapezoid bone
This is a spoolshaped process on distal end of the humerus that is found medial to the capitulum and articulates with the ulna.
Trochlea
gomophosis
What type of joint is shown in the diagram?
syndesmosis
What type of joint is shown in the diagram?
D
Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows extension?
c
Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows flexion?
adduction
Which of the following types of movement is shown in diagram E?
b and c
Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a monaxial joint?
f
Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a multiaxial joint?
a
Which of the joints shown in the figure only permits back and forth and sidetoside movements between the articulating bones?
d
Which of the joints shown in the figure represents a condyloid joint?
g
Which of the panels in the figure shows a movement called lateral flexion?
This fontanel usually closes within 18 to 24 months after birth.
a
Which structure in the diagram is the superior articular process?
a
Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?
a and b
Which of the following could contribute to a decreased range of motion if a person wore a cast for several weeks which prohibited movement at a particular joint, such as the elbow?
a decrease in synovial fluid thus reducing the lubrication of the joint muscle atrophy thus resulting in weakness in the muscles that would move and stabilize the joint reduced flexibility of the tendons and ligaments at the joint *all of these could be contributing factors none of these are factors that would limit range of motion
Gravity and the pull of muscles against bone are the main mechanical stresses experienced by bone. Stress promotes deposition of mineral salts, collagen, and the strengthening of bone in stressed areas. Which of the following individuals would have a lower rate of bone deposition and would therefore be at greater risk for bone loss through bone resorption?
a secretary who works at a desk job and does not do any regular weight-bearing exercise
Lifting the leg away from the midline laterally is what type movement?
abduction
Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint is an example of which type of movement?
abduction
The head of the femur articulates with what feature of the hip bones to form the hip (coxal) joint?
acetabulum
Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus?
adipose tissue nervous tissue cartilage osseous tissue
Which statement about the vertebral column is correct?
an adult has fewer vertebrae (26) than a child (33) thoracic and sacral curves are primary curves (present at birth) lumbar and cervical curves are secondary curves (develop after birth) the sacrum and coccyx are made of individual vertebrae that later fuse *all of these are correct statements about the vertebral column*
The hard sharp ridge of the shin that can easily be felt below the skin is the
anterior border (crest) of the tibia.
The __ has 126 bones
appendicular skeleton
arches of the foot
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
the arches of the foot
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
Which structure reduces friction between bones involved in a joint?
articular cartilage
Another term for menisci is
articular discs
scapula
articulates with the clavicle and the humerus
The ____ has 80 bones.
axial skeleton
In the diagram, where is the perpendicular plate?
b
Where in the diagram is the metaphysis?
b
Which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae?
b
ethmoidal sinuses
b
Which of the cervical vertebrae contain a unique process that is responsible for the ability to move your head from side to side signifying "no"? "yes"?
b a
Which of the labeled structures in the image of the vertebra and short section of the vertebral column below would serve as attachment sites for muscles?
b and d
Which type of joint permits rotation in the shoulder and hip joints?
ball and socket
Shoulder and hip joints are examples of which type of synovial joint?
ballandsocket joint
Which type of joint confers the greatest range of motion?
ballandsocket joint
The carpometacarpal joint consists of the
base of metacarpal bones and distal row of carpal bones.
In the diagram, where is the foramen ovale?
c
Which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi?
c
The image below is demonstrating a type of movement at the wrist. This movement could be seen in the waving gesture made by a beauty queen on a parade float, or by a real queen, such as Her Majesty Elizabeth II waving from the balcony at Buckingham Palace. What type of movement is this?
gliding movement
Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children?
greenstick
Which of the following carpal bones is named for its large hookshaped projection on its anterior surface?
hamate
Which of the following is NOT present in a spongy bone structure?
haversian canals
Which condition is the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus posteriorly or into one of the adjacent vertebral bodies in the vertebral column?
herniated disc
While the bones of this joint may fracture, they rarely become dislocated. The articular capsule and accessory ligaments of this joint make it one of the strongest structures in the body.
hip joint
Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
humerus
Which of the following bones articulates with the scapula?
humerus
The glenohumeral joint is formed by articulation of the
humerus and scapula.
c
hyperextension
Which of the following bones is the largest of the three bones that make up the hip bone?
ilium
feet
inversion?
A condyloid joint
is considered to be biaxial. is also called an ellipsoidal joint. can be found in the wrist. *all of these choices.* allows both flexion-extension and abduction-adduction of the joint.
You are given a case study to work on in the laboratory. You are given two different bony pelves to examine. You are told one is female and one is male. Your group notices that one of the pelves has a wide greater sciatic notch (nearly 90°), and that the angle of the pubic arch is greater than 90°. What does your group conclude about this pelvis?
it is a female pelvis
What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius?
joins the shafts of two bones
This joint is the largest and most complex of the body, and consists of three joints contained within its synovial cavity.
knee joint
Which condition is characterized by an increase in the thoracic curve of the vertebral column?
kyphosis
Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes.
lacunae
Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?
lacunae
In comparison to the male pelvis, the female pelvis is NOT
larger in the acetabulum
which is the only part of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula?
lateral
Which of the following markings is located on the medial side of the femur?
lesser trochanter
Which of the following is(are) made from dense regular connective tissue?
ligaments
Which of the following would not be a common occurrence at joints due to aging?
ligaments become stretched and lengthen
When classified according to shape, the humerus, femur, and radius are all called ________ bones. Use the image below to help in determining the answer.
long
Which condition is characterized by an increase or exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column?
lordosis
The distal end of the radius articulates with which three bones of the wrist? 1 lunate 2 capitate 3 scaphoid 4 triquetrum 5 hamate
lunate, scaphoid, triquetrum 1,3,4
lacks a paranasal sinus
mandible
The clavicle articulates with which of the following structures to form the sternoclavicular joint?
manubrium
The hormone relaxin stimulates changes that lead to increased range of motion in the
pubic symphysis.
The hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the
medullary cavity
Some synovial joints contain special crescentshaped pads that provide additional shock absorption, and provide for a better fit between the articulating surfaces of the bones. These special pads are called __________.
menisci
In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?
metaphysis
What is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis called?
metaphysis
Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a biaxial joint?
more than one selection is correct
Calcium is involved in all of the following important body functions EXCEPT
muscle contraction. acting as a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions. *being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells.* blood clotting. nervous system communication.
Which of the bones below is not part of a pair of bones?
nasal *sphenoid parietal zygomatic temporal
c
navicular?
Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body?
nerve cells require extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) for proper functioning Ca2+ is a cofactor needed for many enzymes to function properly Ca2+ is required for the process of blood clotting Ca2+ is needed by muscle cells for contraction
What forms the prominence (point) of the elbow?
olecranon
Which special movement involves moving your thumb across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand?
opposition
The process of bone formation is referred to as ____.
ossification
Which of the following conditions results when the articular cartilages in a joint degenerate to the point where the bony ends of articulating bones touch?
osteoarthritis
Which of the following are considered to be bone-building cells?
osteoblasts
Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?
osteoclast
What are bone-dissolving cells called?
osteoclasts
______ resorb (break down) the extracellular matrix of bone tissue.
osteoclasts
Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells?
osteogenic cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes
part of the axial skeleton
palatine and zygomatic
How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned?
parallel to the length of the diaphysis.
Which bone develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle and protects the knee joint?
patella
In which type of synovial joint does a rounded or pointed surface on one bone articulate with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament?
pivot joint
The radioulnar joint allows a person to turn their hands so that the palms face anteriorly (as in anatomical position) or to face posteriorly. The radioulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?
pivot joint
Which of the followings structures is not found in the foot?
pollex
What type of special movement occurs in your clavicles at your acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints when you cross your arms in front of your body?
protraction
The coxal bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the
pubic symphysis
Which joint consists of a fibrocartilage pad that joins the two pubic bones anteriorly?
pubic symphysis
A condition in which a muscle or muscle and tendon is stretched or partially torn is called
strain
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the type of movement and range of motion possible at a synovial joint?
strength and tension of the joint ligaments. structure of the articulating bones. arrangement and tension of the muscles. hormones. use of the joint.
Stan is a 35 year old man who is a dedicated long distance runner. He spends hours every week running along neighborhood streets. Recently Stan has had to go to the doctor due to pain in his lower legs that intensifies when he tries to run. There is no swelling or obvious damage, so he is surprised to hear the doctor say he has a fracture of his tibia. Stan is most likely to have which type of fracture?
stress fracture
Which factors help to keep the articular surfaces in contact and affect the range of motion?
structure or shape of articular bones strength and tension (tautness) of the joint ligaments arrangement and tension of the muscles contact of soft parts *all of these choices
The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the _____ of the temporal bone.
styloid process
flip hand
supination
The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by pads of fibrocartilage (the intervertebral discs). The articulations between adjacent vertebrae are called __________.
symphyses
In which of the following types of joints are the bones that are held together by cartilage, with no synovial cavity?
symphysis
A suture joint in an adult fits into which functional joint classification?
synarthosis
Because it is an immovable joint, the sagittal suture, which joins the two parietal bones of the skull, is classified as a _______.
synarthrosis
Sutures are immovable joints between the skull bones categorized as ______.
synarthrosis
A fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture is called a
syndesmosis
Based on the structural classification of joints, which of the following is a fibrous joint?
syndesmosis
A joint in which there is a complete fusion of two separate bones into one bone is called a
synostosis
Most of the freely movable joints of the body could be classified both structurally and functionally as __________.
synovial and diarthroses
Which of the following tarsal bones transfers the weight of the body to the other bones of the foot?
talus
Which bones form the talocrural (ankle) joint?
talus, tibia, fibula
what forms the inferior later aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor
temporal
Which bones form the zygomatic arch?
temporal and zygomatic
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?
temporal bone
The medial and lateral epicondyles are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for
tendon attachment
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of the elbow?
tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.
Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?
the atlantoaxial joint that allows the atlas to rotate around the axis
Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint?
the hinge joint of the elbow
The obturator foramen is the largest foramen in the body, but is nearly completely closed by the obturator membrane (but nerves and blood vessels are still able to pass through). This foramen is formed by which structures of the pelvic girdle?
the ischium and pubis
This joint is a complex and weightbearing joint, and is the most frequently injured joint in the body. The articular surfaces of the bones do not have complementary surfaces, so the stability of the joint depends mostly on its ligaments and the muscles that move the joint.
the knee joint
Most people can see and feel the bony prominences on the medial and lateral sides of the ankles. What bone features and bones form these two prominences?
the medial malleolus of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus of the fibula
The hip joint is the joint found between
the pelvis and femur.
When walking down stairs or a steep hill, the knee is flexed. Which structure prevents the tibia from sliding too far posteriorly, and the femur from sliding too far anteriorly?
the posterior cruciate ligament
The portion of the bony pelvis that is found inferior to the pelvic brim is called
the true pelvis
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
tibia