exam 4 nur 360

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for cancer. This treatment is contraindicated to which of the following conditions?

-Bone marrow depression -Recent surgery -preg

Breast self examination (BSE) is one of the ways to detect breast cancer earlier. The nurse is conducting health teaching to female clients in a clinic. During evaluation the clients are asked to state what they learned. Which of the following statements made by a client needs further teaching about BSE?

"BSE palpation is done by starting at the center going to the periphery in a circular motion."

When assessing a patient's needs for psychologic support after the patient has been diagnosed with stage I cancer of the colon, which question by the nurse will provide the most information?

"Can you tell me what has been helpful to you in the past when coping with stressful events?"

A patient who smokes tells the nurse, "I want to have a yearly chest x-ray so that if I get cancer, it will be detected early." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Chest x-rays do not detect cancer until tumors are already at least a half-inch in size."

For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to cancer diagnosis. Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this client?

"Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety."

A patient undergoing external radiation has developed a dry desquamation of the skin in the treatment area. The nurse knows that teaching about management of the skin reaction has been effective when the patient says

"I can buy a steroid cream to use on the itching area."

When caring for a client with a central venous line, which of the following nursing actions should be implemented in the plan of care for chemotherapy administration? Select all that apply.

-If unable to aspirate blood, reposition the client and encourage the client to cough. -Contact the health care provider about verifying placement if the status is questionable. -Inspect the insertion site for swelling, erythema, or drainage. -Verify patency of the line by the presence of a blood return at regular intervals.

The home health nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving interferon therapy for treatment of cancer. Which statement by the patient may indicate a need for a change in treatment?

"I rarely have the energy to get out of bed."

On a clinic visit a client who has a relative with cancer, is asking about the warning signs that may relate to cancer. The nurse correctly identifies the warning signs of cancer by responding:

"Sudden weight loss of unexplained etiology can be a warning sign of cancer.

Which statement by a patient who is scheduled for a needle biopsy of the prostate indicates that the patient understands the purpose of a biopsy?

"The biopsy will help the doctor decide what treatment to use for my enlarged prostate."

A 40-year-old divorced mother of four school-age children is hospitalized with metastatic cancer of the ovary. The nurse finds the patient crying, and she tells the nurse that she does not know what will happen to her children when she dies. The most appropriate response by the nurse is

"Why don't we talk about the options you have for the care of your children?"

Hypercalcemia

(increased calcium level) is caused by the release of calcium from the deteriorating bone tissue in multiple myeloma. This may cause symptoms of excessive thirst, constipation, dehydration, nausea, frequent urination, dizziness, confusion, and eventually to coma.

Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing multiple myeloma?

. A 60-year-old African-American man

Gio, a community health nurse, is instructing a group of female clients about breast self-examination. The nurse instructs the client to perform the examination:

1 week after menstruation begins

The drug interleukin-2 is an example of which type of biologic response modifier?

Cytokine

A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma is undergoing external radiation therapy on an outpatient basis. After 2 weeks of treatment, the patient tells the nurse, "I am so tired I can hardly get out of bed in the morning." An appropriate intervention for the nurse to plan with the patient is to

Establish a time to take a short walk every day

Radiation protection is very important to implement when performing nursing procedures. When the nurse is not performing any nursing procedures what distance should be maintained from the client?

3 feet

A patient will be having an endoscopic procedure with a diagnostic biopsy. What type of biopsy does the nurse explain will remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue?

Excisional biopsy

A nurse is teaching a client with bone marrow suppression about the time frame when bone suppression will be noticeable after administration of floxuridine. What is the time frame the nurse should include with client teaching?

7 to 14 days

Nurse Brian is developing a plan of care for marrow suppression, the major dose-limiting adverse reaction to floxuridine (FUDR). How long after drug administration does bone marrow suppression become noticeable?

7-14 days

A client wants to donate blood before his or her abdominal surgery next week. What should be the nurse's first action?

Explain the time frame needed for autologous donation.

A nurse is administering daunorubicin through a peripheral I.V. line when the client complains of burning at the insertion site. The nurse notes no blood return from the catheter and redness at the I.V. site. The client is most likely experiencing which complication?

Extravasation

The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action?

Extravasation

Which information noted by the nurse reviewing the laboratory results of a patient who is receiving chemotherapy is most important to report to the health care provider? A. WBC count of 1700/µl B. Platelets of 65,000/µl C. Hemoglobin of 10 g/L D. Serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dl

A. WBC count of 1700/µl Neutropenia places the patient at risk for severe infection and is an indication that the chemotherapy dose may need to be lower or that white blood cell (WBC) growth factors such as filgrastim (Neupogen) are needed.

A female client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse effect. Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:

Fatigue

During the admission assessment of a 35 year old client with advanced ovarian cancer, the nurse recognizes which symptom as typical of the disease?

Abdominal distention

A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting following each administration of chemotherapy. An important nursing intervention for the patient is to

Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments

Vanessa, a community health nurse conducts a health promotion program regarding testicular cancer to community members. The nurse determines that further information needs to be provided if a community member states that which of the following is a sign of testicular cancer?

Alopecia- not an assessment finding in testicular cancer. Alopecia may occur, however, as a result of radiation or chemotherapy.

Which is a sign or symptom of septic shock?

Altered mental status

A pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure sometimes indicated for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. A pneumonectomy involves removal of:

An entire lung field

A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Stomatitis

When reviewing the chart for a patient with cervical cancer, the nurse notes that the cancer is staged as Tis, N0, M0. The nurse will teach the patient that

The cancer is localized to the cervix

Which of the following is a term used to describe the process of programmed cell death?

Apoptosis

The ABCD method offers one way to assess skin lesions for possible skin cancer. What does the A stand for?

Asymmetry

Which type of vaccine uses the client's own cancer cells, which are killed and prepared for injection back into the client?

Autologous

A nurse cares for a client with megaloblastic anemia who had a total gastrectomy three years ago. What statement will the nurse include in the client's teaching regarding the condition?

The condition is likely caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Nurse Janet is assigned in the oncology section of the hospital. Which of the following orders should the nurse question if a client is on radiation therapy?

asprin every 4 hr

Which type of vaccine uses the client's own cancer cells, which are killed and prepared for injection back into the client?

autologous

The classic symptoms that define breast cancer includes the following except: A. Solitary, irregularly shaped mass B. "Pink peel" skin C. Firm, nontender, nonmobile mass D. Abnormal discharge from the nipple

B. "Pink peel" skin

The following are teaching guidelines regarding radiation therapy except: A. The therapy is painless B. To promote safety, the client is assisted by therapy personnel while the machine is in operation C. The client may communicate all his concerns or needs or discomforts while the machine is operating D. Safety precautions are necessary only during the time of actual irradiation

B. To promote safety, the client is assisted by therapy personnel while the machine is in operation

Which type of leukocyte contains histamine and is an important part of hypersensitivity reactions?

Basophils

Which of the following are assessment findings associated with thrombocytopenia? Select all that apply.

Bleeding gums Epistaxis Hematemesis

A client is found to have a low hemoglobin and hematocrit when laboratory work was performed. What does the nurse understand the anemia may have resulted from? Select all that apply.

Blood loss Abnormal erythrocyte production Destruction of normally formed red blood cells

Which does a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) procedure?

Blood studies

A client had undergone radiation therapy (external). The expected side effects include the following apart from: A. Hair loss B. Ulceration of oral mucous membranes C. Constipation D. Headache

C. Constipation Diarrhea, not constipation is the side effect of radiation therapy which usually starts during or right after the treatment and may last for several weeks.

Which occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial space and compresses the heart?

Cardiac tamponade

A client receiving a blood transfusion reports shortness of breath, appears anxious, and has a pulse of 125 beats/minute. What is the best action for the nurse to take after stopping the transfusion and awaiting further instruction from the health care provider?

Ensure there is an oxygen delivery device at the bedside.

five most common cancer metastasis sites.

liver ,lymph nodes, lung, bone, and brain

A client with chronic kidney disease has chronic anemia. What pharmacologic alternative to blood transfusion may be used for this client?

Erythropoietin

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women?

lung and colon

A 56-year-old woman is currently receiving radiation therapy to the chest wall for recurrent breast cancer. She calls her health care provider to report that she has pain while swallowing and burning and tightness in her chest. Which of the following complications of radiation therapy is A. Radiation enteritislikely responsible for her symptoms?

Esophagitis

Principles of Radiation protection follows the DTS system

Distance (D), Time (T), and Shielding (S). Distance - at least 3 feet should be maintained when a nurse is not performing any nursing procedures. Time - limit exposure to 5 minutes each time. Shielding - use lead shield during contact with the client.

Nurse Joy is caring for a client with an internal radiation implant. When caring for the client, the nurse should observe which of the following principles?

Do not allow pregnant women into the client's room

Mina, who is suspected of an ovarian tumor is scheduled for a pelvic ultrasound. The nurse provides which pre-procedure instruction to the client?

Drink six to eight glasses of water without voiding before the test

A female client is receiving chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. Which assessment finding indicates a fluid and electrolyte imbalance induced by chemotherapy?

Dry oral mucous membranes and cracked lips

Nurse Cindy is caring for a client who has undergone a vaginal hysterectomy. The nurse avoids which of the following in the care of this client?

Elevating the knee gatch on the bed

A client is diagnosed with progressive prostate cancer. The nurse expects which drug is given?

Emcyt (estramustine) is used as a palliative treatment of metastatic and progressive prostate cancer.

Neoplasm can be classified as either benign or malignant. The following are characteristics of malignant tumor apart from:

Encapsulated Benign: grows slowly, localized, encapsulated, well-differentiated cells, no metastasis, not harmful to host.

Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:

Fine needle aspiration

The removal of entire breast, pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which is followed by skin grafting is a procedure called:

Halstead surgery

What should a male client over age 52 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?

Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test done yearly

A bone marrow transplant is being considered for treatment of a patient with acute leukemia that has not responded to chemotherapy. In discussing the treatment with the patient, the nurse explains that

Hospitalization will be required for several weeks after the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)

A client, age 41, visits the gynecologist. After examining her, the physician suspects cervical cancer. The nurse reviews the client's history for risk factors for this disease. Which history finding is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

Human papillomavirus infection at age 32 Other risk factors for this disease include multiple sex partners, multiple pregnancies, long-term use of oral contraceptives and diethylstilbestrol (DES).

The client with leukemia is receiving Myleran (busulfan) and Zyloprim (allopurinol). The nurse tells the client that the purpose if the allopurinol is to prevent:

Hyperuricemia

Nurse Mary is instructing a premenopausal woman about breast self-examination. The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination:

Immediately after her menstrual period

For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan?

Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift

A patient with ovarian cancer tells the nurse, "I don't think my husband cares about me anymore. He rarely visits me." On one occasion when the husband was present, he told the nurse he just could not stand to see his wife so ill and never knew what to say to her. An appropriate nursing diagnosis in this situation is

Interrupted family processes related to the effect of illness on family members

A female client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. Which of the following is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?

Liver

A 36-year-old man with lymphoma presents with signs of impending septic shock 9 days after chemotherapy. The nurse would expect which of the following to be present?

Low-grade fever, chills, tachycardia

Which of the following represents the most appropriate nursing intervention for a client with pruritus caused by cancer or the treatments?

Medicated cool baths

Surgical procedure to treat breast cancer involves the removal of the entire breast, pectoralis major muscle and the axillary lymph nodes is:

Modified radical mastectomy

Which cell of hematopoiesis is responsible for the production of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets?

Myeloid stem cell

A 35 years old client with ovarian cancer is prescribed hydroxyurea (Hydrea), an antimetabolite drug. Antimetabolites are a diverse group of antineoplastic agents that interfere with various metabolic actions of the cell. The mechanism of action of antimetabolites interferes with:

Normal cellular processes during the S phase of the cell cycle

Which type of surgery is used in an attempt to relieve complications of cancer?

Palliative

External-beam radiation is planned for a patient with endometrial cancer. The nurse teaches the patient that an important measure to prevent complications from the effects of the radiation is to

Perform perianal care with sitz baths and meticulous cleaning

The nurse is interviewing a male client about his past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?

Polyps

During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a nursing diagnosis of impaired oral mucous membrane related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression secondary to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the pain of stomatitis?

Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water for use as a mouth rinse

A patient with a large stomach tumor that is attached to the liver is scheduled to have a debulking procedure. The nurse explains that the expected outcome of this surgery is

Reduction of the tumor burden to enhance adjuvant therapy

After the nurse has explained the purpose of and schedule for chemotherapy to a 23-year-old patient who recently received a diagnosis of acute leukemia, the patient asks the nurse to repeat the information. Based on this assessment, which nursing diagnosis is most likely for the patient?

Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to anxiety about new leukemia diagnosis

Nurse Kate is reviewing the complications of colonization with a client who has microinvasive cervical cancer. Which complication, if identified by the client, indicates a need for further teaching?

Ruptured ovarian cyst

A 34-year-old female client is requesting information about mammograms and breast cancer. She isn't considered at high risk for breast cancer. What should the nurse tell this client?

She should eat a low-fat diet to further decrease her risk of breast cancer

A client is diagnosed with breast cancer. The tumor size is up to 5 cm with axillary and neck lymph node involvement. The client is in what stage of breast cancer?

Stage II- measures between 2 cm to 5 cm or the cancer has extended to the nearby lymph nodes.

The nurse is caring for a female client experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy and develops a plan of care for the client. The nurse plans to:

Teach the client and family about the need for hand hygiene

Nurse Kent is teaching a male client to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. Which of the following points would be appropriate to make?

Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer

why does pt stay in hospital after bone marrow transplant

The patient requires strict protective isolation to prevent infection for 2 to 4 weeks after HSCT while waiting for the transplanted marrow to start producing cells.

A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the RN caring for the patient indicates that the nurse should take action?

The patient's visitors bring in some fresh peaches from home

In staging and grading neoplasm TNM systems is used. TNM stands for

Tumor, node, metastasis

A with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is taking Zyloprim (allopurinol). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?

Uric acid level

Skin reactions are common in radiation therapy. Nursing responsibilities on promoting skin integrity should be promoted apart from:

Washing the area with a bar of scented soap and water and patting it dry not rubbing it

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient with ascites, secondary to cirrhosis. The nurse understands that the fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity results from a combination of factors including an alteration in oncotic pressure gradients and increased capillary permeability. Therefore, the nurse monitors the serum level of the plasma protein responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure, which is:

albumin

A cervical radiation implant is placed in the client for treatment of cervical cancer. The nurse initiates what most appropriate activity order for this client?

bed rest- bed rest in the dorsal position to prevent movement of the radiation source. The head of the bed is elevated to a maximum of 10 to 15 degrees for comfort. The nurse avoids turning the client on the side.

A centrally located tumor would produce which of the following symptoms?

coughing bc Centrally located pulmonary tumors are found in the upper airway (vocal cords) and usually obstruct airflow, producing such symptoms as coughing, wheezing, and stridor.

Allopurinol

decreases uric acid concentrations in serum and urine. In the client receiving chemotherapy, uric acid levels increase as a result of the massive cell destruction that occurs from the chemotherapy. This medication prevents or treats hyperuricemia caused by chemotherapy.

The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply.

dietary substances environmental factors viruses

Vitamin B and folic acid deficiencies are characterized by production of abnormally large erythrocytes called

megaloblasts.

Specific classification of the chemotherapeutic agent, Vincristine (Oncovin) is:

mitotic inhibitor- that inhibits mitosis or cell division. Other examples of mitotic inhibitors are paclitaxel, docetaxel, and vinblastine.

The body responds to infection by increasing the production of white blood cells (WBCs). The nurse should evaluate the differential count for what type of WBCs, which are the first WBCs to respond to an inflammatory event?

neutrophil

diagnosed with bone cancer. You know this type of cancer is classified as

sarcoma Tumors that originate from bone, muscle, and other connective tissue are called sarcomas.

The male client is receiving external radiation to the neck for cancer of the larynx. The most likely side effect to be expected is:

soar throat

Jenny with an advanced breast cancer is prescribed Nolvadex (tamoxifen). When teaching the client about this drug, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting which adverse reaction immediately?

vision changes

whats true about breast cancer

yes, Men can develop breast cancer

Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of radiation and chemotherapy. When should a nurse administer antiemetics?

30 minutes before the initiation of therapy

A few minutes after beginning a blood transfusion, a nurse notes that a client has chills, dyspnea, and urticaria. The nurse reports this to the health care provider immediately because the client probably is experiencing which problem?

A hemolytic allergic reaction caused by an antigen reaction

An oncology nurse is caring for a client who relates that certain tastes have changed. The client states that "meat tastes bad." What nursing intervention can be used to increase protein intake for a client with taste changes?

Encourage eating cheese, eggs, and legumes

A patient who has long-term packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions has developed symptoms of iron toxicity that affect liver function. What immediate treatment should the nurse anticipate preparing the patient for that can help prevent organ damage?

Iron chelation therapy

Which blood cell type is matched correctly with its function?

Leukocyte: Fights infection

Giving instructions for breast self-examination is particularly important for clients with which of the following medical problems?

Ovarian cancer

During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior?

Progression

The nurse at the clinic explains to the patient that the surgeon will be removing a mole on the patient's back that has the potential to develop into cancer. The nurse informs the patient that this is what type of procedure?

Prophylactic

Which of the following is considered an antidote to heparin?

Protamine sulfate

A client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis?

Red, open sores on the oral mucosa

A client reports a new onset of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue. The health care provider orders a diagnostic workup, which reveals end-stage gallbladder cancer. What nursing intervention should be used to facilitate adaptive coping?

Refer client for professional counseling.

One hour after a transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) is started, a client develops redness on the trunk and reports itching. The nurse stops the RBC infusion and administers diphenhydramine 25 mg po, as ordered. Thirty minutes later, the redness and itching are gone. What action should the nurse take next?

Resume the transfusion

A nurse reviews a client's laboratory results and notes the client has a decreased lymphocyte count. What nursing diagnosis will the nurse use when planning the client's care?

Risk for infection

One of the most serious blood coagulation complications for individuals with cancer and for those undergoing cancer treatments is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The most common cause of this bleeding disorder is:

Sepsis

The client with which of the following types of lung cancer has the best prognosis?

Squamous cell bc Squamous cell carcinoma is a slow-growing, rarely metastasizing type of cancer.

How do chemo drugs work?

"Chemotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells."

The oncology nurse is giving chemotherapy to a client in a short stay area. The client confides that they are very depressed. The nurse recognizes depression as which of the following?

A normal reaction to the diagnosis of cancer.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client receiving chemotherapy. The platelet count is 10,000 cells/mm. Based on this laboratory value, the priority nursing assessment is which of the following?

Assess level of consciousness A high risk of hemorrhage exists when the platelet count is fewer than 20,000. Fatal central nervous system hemorrhage or massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage can occur when the platelet count is fewer than 10,000. The client should be assessed for changes in levels of consciousness, which may be an early indication of an intracranial hemorrhage.

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?

Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

A client receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer has a nursing diagnosis of Risk for impaired skin integrity. Which intervention should be part of this client's care plan?

Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas

A client with leukemia has neutropenia. Which of the following functions must be frequently assessed?

Breath sounds Pneumonia, both viral and fungal, is a common cause of death in clients with neutropenia, so frequent assessment of respiratory rate and breath sounds is required.

A client with a history of sickle cell anemia has developed iron overload from repeated blood transfusions. What treatment does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

Chelation therapy

A client diagnosed with cancer makes the following statement to the nurse: "I guess I will tell my health care provider to forego the chemotherapy. I do not want to be throwing up all the time. I would rather die." Which of the following facts supports the use of chemotherapy for this client?

Chemotherapy treatment can be adjusted to optimize effects while limiting adverse effects.

The nurse is conducting a community education program using the American Cancer Society's colorectal screening and prevention guidelines. The nurse determines that the participants understand the teaching when they identify that people over the age of 50 should have which screening test every 10 years?

Colonoscopy

The nurse should be alert to which adverse assessment finding when transfusing a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) too rapidly?

Crackles auscultated bilaterally

Which of the following is a type of procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue and cause cell destruction?

Cryosurgery

A client receiving a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has been prescribed morphine 1 mg intravenously now for pain. What is the best method for the nurse to administer the morphine?

Disconnect the blood tubing, flush with normal saline, and administer morphine

While administering cisplatin to a client, the nurse assesses swelling at the insertion site. What is the nurse's first action?

Discontinue the intravenous medication.

Which statement best describes the function of fibrinogen?

Plays a key role in forming blood clots

A nurse, caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reviews the client's differential WBC count. What type of WBC will the nurse check the level of?

T lymphocytes

The nurse is instructing the client to perform a testicular self-examination. The nurse tells the client:

The best time for the examination is after a shower

The nurse is administering a blood transfusion to a client over 4 hours. After 2 hours, the client reports chills and has a fever of 101°F, an increase from a previous temperature of 99.2°F. What does the nurse recognize is occurring with this client?

The client is having a febrile nonhemolytic reaction.

The nurse is caring for a client with hypoxia. What does the nurse understand is true regarding the client's oxygen level and the production of red blood cells?

The kidneys sense low oxygen levels in the blood and produce erythropoietin, stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.

term should the nurse use to describe this low platelet count?

Thrombocytopenia

The physician is attending to a 72-year-old client with a malignant brain tumor. The physician recommends immediate radiation therapy. What is a reason for the physician's recommendation?

To prevent the formation of new cancer cells

The client is diagnosed with a benign brain tumor. Which of the following features of a benign tumor is of most concern to the nurse?

Tumor pressure against normal tissues

When administering a blood transfusion to a client with multiple traumatic injuries, the nurse monitors closely for evidence of a transfusion reaction. Shortly after the transfusion begins, the client complains of chest pain, nausea, and itching. When urticaria, tachycardia, and hypotension develop, the nurse stops the transfusion and notifies the physician. The nurse suspects which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type II (cytolytic, cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction

While caring for a client, the nurse notes petechiae on the client's trunk and lower extremities. What precaution will the nurse take when caring for this client?

Use an electric razor when assisting client with shaving.

Which of the following would be consistent with a benign neoplasm

Usually progressive and slow

The client is to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. What is the nurse's first action?

Verify that the client has signed a written consent form.

Which of the following is the most common hematologic condition affecting elderly patients

anemia

Which of the following complications are three main consequences of leukemia?

anemia, infection, and bleeding tendencies

Which type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by cells from a donor other than the patient?

Allogeneic

The nurse is conducting a screening for familial predisposition to cancer. Which element should the nurse note as a possible indication of hereditary cancer syndrome?

An aunt and uncle diagnosed with cancer

Nurse Donald is caring for a client following a modified radical mastectomy. Which assessment finding would indicate that the client is experiencing a complication related to this surgery?

Arm edema on the operative side

A 32-year-old woman meets with the nurse on her first office visit since undergoing a left mastectomy. When asked how she is doing, the woman states her appetite is still not good, she is not getting much sleep because she doesn't go to bed until her husband is asleep, and she is really anxious to get back to work. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse explore to support the client's current needs?

Ask open-ended questions about sexuality issues related to her mastectomy

Angela, a clinical instructor is conducting a lecture about chemotherapy. Which of the following statements is correct about the rate of cell growth in relation to chemotherapy?

Faster growing cells are less susceptible to chemotherapy The faster the cell grows, the more susceptible it is to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

The nurse is teaching a 17-year old client and the client's family about what to expect with high-dose chemotherapy and the effects of neutropenia. What should the nurse teach as the most reliable early indicator of infection in a neutropenic client?

Fever decreased number of neutrophils. These cells are responsible for fighting off bacteria once they enter the body. A complication of neutropenia is infection. An early sign is a fever that requires clinical intervention to identify potential causes.

What foods should the nurse suggest that the patient consume less of in order to reduce nitrate intake because of the possibility of carcinogenic action?

Ham and bacon

Which term describes the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?

Hematocrit

During a routine physical examination, a firm mass is palpated in the right breast of a 35-year-old woman. Which of the following findings or client history would suggest cancer of the breast as opposed to fibrocystic disease?

Increased vascularity of the breast An increase in breast size or vascularity indicates the growth of a tumor and is consistent with cancer of the breast.

A client with severe anemia reports symptoms of tachycardia, palpitations, exertional dyspnea, cool extremities, and dizziness with ambulation. Laboratory test results reveal low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Based on the assessment data, which nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this client?

Ineffective tissue perfusion related to inadequate hemoglobin and hematocrit

The client's CBC with differential reveals small-shaped hemoglobin molecules. The nurse expects to administer which medication to this client?

Iron

Albumin is important for the maintenance of fluid balance within the vascular system. Albumin is produced by which of the following?

liver

Thrombocytopenia indicates a decrease in

number of platelets in the circulating blood. A major concern is monitoring for and preventing bleeding.

A client is recovering from a craniotomy with tumor debulking. Which comment by the client indicates to the nurse a correct understanding of what the surgery entailed?

"I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor."

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia

"I have difficulty breathing when walking 30 feet."

The nurse is caring for a client is scheduled for chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"I hope they find a bone marrow donor who matches."

The nurse should provide further teaching about post bone-marrow biopsy procedures when the client makes which statement?

"I'll ask someone to drive me home when I awake from general anesthesia."

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia?

"The hair loss is usually temporary."

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client with anemia admitted to the hospital to have blood transfusions administered. Why would the nurse need to include a nutritional assessment for this patient?

It may indicate deficiencies in essential nutrients.

The nurse is preparing a patient for a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy from the site of the posterior superior iliac crest. What position will the nurse place the patient in?

Lateral position with one leg flexed

A decrease in circulating white blood cells (WBCs) is referred to as

Leukopenia

The community nurse is conducting a health promotion program at a local school and is discussing the risk factors associated with cancer. Which of the following, if identified by the client as a risk factor, indicates a need for further instructions?

Low-fat and high-fiber diet A diet high in fat may be a factor in the development of breast, colon, and prostate cancers. High-fiber diets may reduce the risk of colon cancer.

The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?

Malignant tumor

A client with stomach cancer is admitted to the oncology unit after vomiting for 3 days. Physical assessment findings include irregular pulse, muscle twitching, and complaints of prickling sensations in the fingers and hands. Laboratory results include a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L, a pH of 7.46, and a bicarbonate level of 29 mEq/L. The client is experiencing

Metabolic alkalosis

The client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy and develops thrombocytopenia. The nurse identifies which intervention is the highest priority in the nursing plan of care?

Monitoring the platelet count

The body responds to infection by increasing the production of white blood cells (WBCs). The nurse should evaluate the differential count for what type of WBCs, which are the first WBCs to respond to an inflammatory event?

Neutrophils