exam 9
During discharge planning a nurse is teaching a patient about lipids. Which of the following statements is true? 1. They are inorganic substances that are greasy and soluble in water but soluble in alcohol. 2. Oils are lipids that are solid at room temp 3. Fats are lipids that are liquid at room temp
2
A primary health care provider prescribes folic acid 0.8 mg PO once daily for a patient with anemia. Unit dose tablets of a 0.4 mg/tablet are available. How many tables should the nurse administer?
2 tablets
An adult female patient with which total cholesterol level requires health teaching about a low cholesterol diet?
210 mg/dL
A nurse is evaluating a nursing student's understanding of nutrition. What statement would indicate the need for further teaching? 1. Starches are insoluable 2. Most sugars are produced naturally 3. Fiber is present in the inner layer of grains, bran and the skin.
3
Enteral feedings can be given intermittently or continuously. Intermittent feedings are the administration of _______ ml of enteral formula several times per day.
300-500
What effect does an antidepressant have on nutrition?
Amitriptyline increases food intake
What are the water soluble vitamins?
B and C complex vitamins
A nurse is preparing for a basic presentation about basic nutrition for a group of high school athletes, she should explain that which nutrients provide the body with the most energy?
Carbohydrates
What effects does aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) have on nutrition?
Decreases serum folate and folacin nutrition increases execration of vitamin C, thiamine, potassium, amino acids and glucose.
A nurse is admitting a patient who has just been admitted to the hospital for withdraw from alcohol. Which effect of alcohol on the body will influence the patients plan of care?
Decreases the absorption5 of many important nutrients
What is a food diary?
Detailed record of measured amounts of all food intake that involves an extensive interview by a nutritionist or dietitian.
A PT is admitted to the hospital with a history of liver dysfunction associated with hepatitis. With which metabolic rate does the nurse anticipate that this patient may have a problem?
Emulsifying fats
What effects do antihypertensive have on nutrition?
Hydralazine may cause anorexia, vomiting, nausea and constipation methyldopa increases need for vitamin B12 and folate May cause dry mouth and nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation
A nurse is caring for a client who is at a high risk for aspiration. What should the nurse do?
Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
What effect does laxatives have on nutrition?
May cause calcium and potassium depletion. Mineral oil and phenolphthalein decrease absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K
Who created MyPlate?
Michelle Obama and the USDA
A nurse in a senior center is counseling a group of older adults about their nutritional needs and considerations. What information should the nurse include?
Older adults are more prone to dehydration Older adults need the same amount of most vitamins and minerals as younger adults Many older men and women need calcium supplementation
a pt is scheduled for surgery and the nurse is teaching the patient about the importance of vitamin c in wound healing. Which source of vitamin C should the nurse include in teaching?
Potatoes and papayas
A patient of Latino heritage is prescribed a low fat diet. The PT explains that she is going to have a hard time giving up her favorite family meals, which food should the nurse recommend that is low in fat and generally included in the Latino diet?
Salsa
A nurse is caring for a client who has a low residue diet. The nurse should expect to see which of the following foods on the clients meal tray?
Vanilla Custard
Which vitamin should a nurse tell a PT does not require fat in the diet to be absorbed?
Vitamin C
What vitamin decreases the effectiveness of Warfarin?
Vitamin K
All of these are considered macronutrients EXCEPT? Vitamins Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
Vitamins
What of the following is considered a micronutrient? Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins
Vitamins
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
A nurse is caring for a post op pt. The nurse reviews the pt concurrent health problems, checks the medications prescribed by the primary health care provider and performs a focused assessment. Which should the nurse do at 12 pm?
administer 5 units of insulin subcutaneously to the pt
A nurse is providing for the nutritional needs for several pt's. Which problems increase the patients caloric requirements?
burns and pneumonia
What effect does antineoplastic have on nutrients?
can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia and malabsorption and diarrhea.
A primary health care provider identifies that a patient may have a fluoride deficiency. Which physical characteristics support this conclusion?
dental caries
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a nutritional program for a patient with anemia. Which clinical finding is a short term indicator of an improved nutritional status?
increasing transferrin level
Which is unrelated to the balance of calcium in the body?
iron
A nurse identifies a vegetarian understands the importance of eating kidney beans when the patient indicated that they are essential because they contain which nutrient?
protein
a patient has multiple fractures from a skiing accident. To best facilitate bone growth the nurse should encourage the patient to eat more foods in high calcium. Which foods selected by the pt indicate an understanding of foods that are high in calcium?
3, 5, 6
A nurse is caring for a patient who weighs 80 kg (176 lb) and is 1.6 m (5ft 3 in) tall. Calculate the BMI and determine if this client is healthy weight, underweight, overweight or obese.
BMI is 31.25. Obese
A nurse is caring for patients with a variety of nutrition-related problems. Which problem eventually may require a patient to have a nasogastric feeding tube inserted?
difficulty swallowing
An occupational nurse is facilitating a weight reduction group discussion. Which should the nurse explain is most common contributing factor of obesity?
excessive caloric intake
A pt has a high serum cholesterol level. Which foods should the nurse teach the patient to avoid?
liver and shrimp
Carbohydrates are composed of all of the following except Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
nitrogen
What are the major functions of nutrients?
provide energy for the body processes and movement provide structural material for body tissues regulate body processes
A patient is diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency type of pie should the nurse recommend?
pumpkin
What is my plate?
the current nutrition guide published by the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
Every cell in the body contains some protein and about _________________ of body solids are proteins.
three quarters
___________ have (has) three fatty acids and account for more than 90% of the lipids in food and in the body.
triglycerides
a nurse teaches a PT about the prescribed low fat diet. Which foods selected by the pt indicate the teaching was understood?
turkey, scallops, flounder
a nurse is counseling a patient with the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In addition to calcium, which vitamin supplement should the nurse anticipate that the primary health care provider will prescribe?
vitamin D
A nurse is administering eternal nutrition via the method depicted in the pic. Identify the steps that should be implemented when administering enteral nutrition via this method. A
Administer water after feeding Ensure that the formula is at room temperature Add formula continuously to the syringe just before it empties
A nurse is caring for a pt receiving bolus eternal feedings several times daily. Which nursing intervention is most important to help prevent diarrhea?
discard the refrigerated opened cans of formula after 24 hours
A nurse is caring for a patient who is confused and disoriented. Which type of food containing chicken is most appropriate for this PT?
fingers
A nurse is caring for a patient who is expending energy that is greater than the patients caloric intake. Which human response will occur?
malnutrition
A nurse teaches a post op pt about foods high in protein that will promote wound healing. Which food selection by the patient indicates that the teaching was effective?
meat and cheese
A pt has a decreased hemoglobin level because of low intake of dietary iron. Which foods should the nurse teach the patient are excellent sources of iron?
meat and spinach
Which is the most common independent nursing intervention to help a hospitalized debilitated older adult maintain body weight?
providing assistance with meals
a nurse is obtaining a health history from a patient. Which information reflects healthy behaviors?
substituting fish for meat in the diet, consuming 4 eggs a week and eating foods low in fat
A school nurse is preparing a health class about vitamins. Which information about vitamins that is based on a scientific principle should the nurse include?
eating a variety of foods prevents the need for supplements
a nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of balancing protein, carbohydrates and fats in the diets. The nurse identifies that the teaching about carbohydrates is understood when the patient states that carbohydrates are known for providing which of the following?
energy
A patient has been blind in one eye for several years because of complications associated with diabetes. The PT is admitted to the hospital with a detached retina and resulting in loss of right in the other eye. Which should the nurse do to assist this patient with meals?
explain to the patient where the items are located like a clock
An older adult tends to bruise easily and the primary health care provider recommends that the PT eat foods high in vitamin K. In addition to teaching the PT about food sources of vitamin K, the nurse should include nutrients that must be ingested for vitamin K to be absorbed. Which foods that increase the absorption of vitamin K should be included in the teaching plan?
fats
a pt of Asian heritage is recommended to follow a low fat diet to lose weight. which food is low in fat generally is consumed by members of an Asian population?
hot and sour soup
A PT is diagnosed with iron defiency anemia. Which major cause of iron defiency will influence a focused assessment by the nurse?
inadequate diets
A PT without any identified current health problems is having a yearly physical examination. The lab results indicate the presence of ketosis. Which rationale explains the presence of ketosis in this otherwise healthy adult?
inadequate intake of carbohydrates
AN older adult states he is experiencing all the signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostate and is interested in taking the herbal supplement saw palmetto. Which is important for the nurse to teach the patient about treatment with saw palmetto?
it should not be taken until after workup with urologist. taking saw palmetto is generally safe as a dietary supplement. Some patients report an improvement in erctile dysfunction after taking saw palmetto.
An obese resident of a nursing home who is receiving a 1500-calorie weight reduction diet has not lost weight in the past two weeks. What should the nurse do?
keep a log of the oral intake for 3 days
a nurse is reviewing the lab findings of a pt to assess the pt's nutritional status. Which lab result from among the following tests is an indicator of inadequate protein intake?
low serum albumin
What could a parent do to help reach a childs nutritional goals?
make mealtime a pleasant time by avoiding tensions at the table and discuss bad behavior routinely use a sweet dessert after dinner offer a variety of healthy, attractive food in small portions
a patient is anorexic because of stomatitis related to chemotherapy. What should the nurse be most concerned about when planning care for this patient?
malnutrition
What do thiazide diuretics do to nutrition?
may cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. decrease absorption of vitamin B12.
a primary care provider orders a clear liquid diet for a patient. Which foods should the nurse teach the pt to avoid?
pureed soup, ice cream
a primary health care provider orders a low residue diet for a pt with an inflammatory bowel disease. Which foods should the nurse teach the patient to include in the diet?
scrambled eggs and iceburg lettuce
a young adult woman tells the nurse that she has been taking St Johns wort for several weeks for depression. Which should the nurse teach the patient about this?
should not be taken without an evaluation by a primary health care professional Use an additional method of birth control if taking an oral contraceptive Discontinue 2 weeks before a surgery with general anesthesia Apply sunscreen to skin exposed to the sun
An older adult is admitted to the hospital for multiple health problems. Assessment reveals that the patient has no teeth and is having difficulty eating. Which diet should the nurse encourage the primary health care provider to order for this patient?
mechanical soft
