EXAM Ch 1-5

The proportion of older people in the United States has grown over the past ____ years

100

Working memory selects, manipulates, and stores ____ memory

recent

According to Agree and Freedman (2000), about _____ of people with ADL limitations use one or more assistive devices

2/3

The Boomer generation strectches over __ years

20

Studies up to the 1960s used cross-sectional methods. They showed a peak in intelligence around age ____, and a steady decline after that

30

Studies found declines in crystallized intelligence after age

70

Wang (2004) reports that the group aged ____ accounts 1.5% of the population, but uses the most nursing home and medical services

85 or over

Which of the following is not a criterion for intrinsic aging?

Aging is beneficial

Gerontologists will create new and more sophisticated quatitative methods, such as,

All of these: Structural equation models, longitudinal factor analysis, multivariate effects models

George Burns presented a new model of old age

All of these: active, purposeful, joyful, and enviable

Theories often start with ___________

All of these: beliefs, commonsense idea, hunches

Longitudinal studies take _________

All of these: time, money, management skill

Senescence, written by G. Stanley Hall in 1922

All these: was one of the first scientific studies of aging in the U.S, used survey data to understand attitudes towards death, focused on the problems of old age

In 2000, the majority of the world's older people lived in

Asia

______ has led to longer life in old age and will extend the lives of more people in the future

Better health care and disease prevention

The country with the highest percentage of its population aged 65 or over is

China

_____ takes place when people of all ages move into an area, but older people arrive at the fastest pace

Congregation

_____ developed a model of the life course that has eight stages

Erikson

_____ when researchers study cognitively impaired older people

Ethical issues arise

McMullin and Berger found throughout their research that employers often used ______ in order to reject older workers.

Euphemisms

____ is the lead destination state for migrating retirees

Florida

_____ will produce an explosive growth in the number of older people in developing nations

High fertility in the past and greater survival of older people present

migration takes place when older retirees move back near their children

Kinship

The Health and Retirement Study (National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Health, 2007) conducted in the United States offers a good example of a ______________

Longitudinal study

The _____ migration takes place when an older person moves from a community setting to an institution

Major chronic disability

The ____ (2007) proposes the following approach to aging well:stick to be a healthy diet, exercise, keep your mind active, don't smoke, and see your doctor regularly

NIA

Some older people suffer from diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and strokes

Organic disorders

How do the interests of critical gerontology and positivist gerontology differ?

Positivists gerontology wants prediction and control over aging, while critical gerontology aims to empower older people

takes place when older people move into an area that younger people leave.

Recomposition

The ____ model of metal development (Baltes, 1997) says that people who age well optimize the skills they have and compensate for losses by gaining new skills

SOC

_____refers to exercise, diet, stress release, rest, and medical checkups

Self-care

Binstock (2005) called new ageism an example of

a compassionate stereotype

Fries predicts that in the future, death will come for most people around age 85 after a short illness. This will create

a compression of morbidity

Creating a positive attitude towards aging among health care professionals requires

a gerontology curriculum that balances a problem focus with information about successful aging

Sastry (1992) found that retiree migrants had ________ in retirement settings.

a large positive effect on the economy by spending their pensions, paying, taxes, and creating jobs

Longino (2001) says that people tend to move for three reasons in old age. Which of the following is not a reason that older people move?

acute disability

ADL and LADL problems increase with

age

Phillips and her colleagues (2006) found that people show a decline in performance based on ____ for abstract planning tasks

age

Information literacy is a vital skill for anymore who wants to understand _____ today

aging

Longino (1992) calls the first type of move, at retirement

amenity migration

_____ is a genetic process that switches off the cell's ability to divide, this controlling cell growth and cell death

apoptosis

In the past, population aging took place

because of decreased infant mortality

Schneider and Myles (2003) say that, for adults, ________ accounts for a full 70% of how well a person ages.

behavior and lifestyle

The Hayflick limit says

cell division has a limit

Bengtson and colleagues (1997) say that age stratification theory provides new ways to explore differences related to time, period and

cohort

Society orders age groups into an age stratification system called

cohort flow

According to Dixon and Cohen (2001), ________ can improve with age.

competence

Which of the following is not a trend that leads to an older population in the United States?

creative social action

Error theories view aging as a by-product of mistakes within the body. These errors lead to

decline in cellular and physical function

Successful aging refers to people who ____ in physiological functions

demonstrate

Examples of normative history graded events are

depression and war

New ageism refers to a(n)

desire to give more help to older people

Novak states that each age cohort moves through life as if on an ________

escalator

Research studies on human subjects face ______ challenges

ethical

Current research suggest that ____ can reduce osteoporosis in older women

exercise

Gerontologists work to replace myths and stereotypes of aging with

facts and knowledge

Continuity theory suggest that mildly active people in their middle years will

feel most satisfied with mildly active old

According to Manton and colleagues (2006), which of the following does not contribute to a decline in disability rates?

fewer home care services

Micro-levels theories

focus on small-scale events

According to the text, paradigms are

frameworks used to organize our understanding of natural and social phenomenon

The AARP (2007) sponsored a study of seven developed nations. The study found that age discrimination in ____ practices continues to be a serious concern around the world.

hiring

Normative events are

history or age-graded events

Migration plays a small roll in population aging because

immigrants typically arrive in the U.S as young adults

Ryff and Keyes show the link between the self and social conditions such as

income, education, and social class

A person who displays wisdom has

insight into life's conditions and shows good judgement

Conflict perspective

is used by gerontologists to look at how government policies influence old age

Stereotyping can

lead to prejudice, discrimination, and inappropriate treatment.

Age stratification theory views individual aging as a(n)

life-long process

The U.S Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits

mandatory retirement at any age

The stereotype of the sophisticated, successful, beautiful senior

may lead to a new form of ageism: the ageless self

Mutation theories link aging to

mistakes that take place in the synthesis of protein.

The interpretive perspective

most often focuses on the micro-level of social life

Palmore's research on the FAQ suggests that

most people know little about aging and have many misconceptions.

The study in the United Kingdom found that even magazines for _____ showed relatively few pictures of older people

natives

Ageism in our culture is

negative attitudes towards again

Erikson describes _____ as a time of life that emphasizes inwardness and reflection

old age

The AARP (1999) CONDUCTED a study which showed that _____ had the highest rates of vulnerability to crime

older people with low incomes

Suburban communities show an increase in older people. Which of the following is not a factor in the proportional rise of older people?

out-migration of the elderly

What accounts for the high concentration of older people in the Midwestern states?

out-migration of younger people

The process of long-term memory does not include

perception

Wiiliamson and Pahor (2010) say that ___ may be the most effective prescription for promoting successful aging

physical activity

Men die younger than women, but women have _____ in later life

poorer health

_______ seeks to controls natural evens like aging

positivism

Kahana (2003) say that people adapt and change their behavior to minimize stress and maximize development. They call this

proactivity

Congress (McCann and Ventrell-Monses, 2010) enacted the ADEA to

promote the employment of older workers based on ability rather than age

Changes in _____ and ______ have the greatest effect in a person's ability to function in later life

sight: hearing

According to Robert Kane, _____ is the biggest threat to improving our lifestyle

smoking

Functional disorders have roots in a person's

social setting and psychology

Researchers suggest that maintaining _____ can buffer depression and suicidal thoughts

social supports, a hobby, good physical health, a religious practice, and a positive state of mind

Differences in ____ may mean that some older people will suffer the effects of early health disadvantage

socioeconomic status

By the 18th century, researchers began to see aging as

something other than a disease

Thornton and Light state that ____ drives elderspeak

stereotyping

According to the cross-linking theory, glycation damages the body by

stiffening connective tissue

According to Mead, symbolic interaction

studies how symbols shape social relations

Demographers find that migration patterns follow

the life course

Population aging will slow and in some years reverse itself. Myers (1990) calls this

the metabolism of the population

Biomedicine studies refers to

the study of changes in the body that come with age

Which of the following reasons of studying aging was not given in the text?

to enable older people to reverse or avoid the effects of aging

Recent research on mental ability in old age indicates that

varied changes occur in mental ability as a person ages