EXAM Ch 1-5
The proportion of older people in the United States has grown over the past ____ years
100
Working memory selects, manipulates, and stores ____ memory
recent
According to Agree and Freedman (2000), about _____ of people with ADL limitations use one or more assistive devices
2/3
The Boomer generation strectches over __ years
20
Studies up to the 1960s used cross-sectional methods. They showed a peak in intelligence around age ____, and a steady decline after that
30
Studies found declines in crystallized intelligence after age
70
Wang (2004) reports that the group aged ____ accounts 1.5% of the population, but uses the most nursing home and medical services
85 or over
Which of the following is not a criterion for intrinsic aging?
Aging is beneficial
Gerontologists will create new and more sophisticated quatitative methods, such as,
All of these: Structural equation models, longitudinal factor analysis, multivariate effects models
George Burns presented a new model of old age
All of these: active, purposeful, joyful, and enviable
Theories often start with ___________
All of these: beliefs, commonsense idea, hunches
Longitudinal studies take _________
All of these: time, money, management skill
Senescence, written by G. Stanley Hall in 1922
All these: was one of the first scientific studies of aging in the U.S, used survey data to understand attitudes towards death, focused on the problems of old age
In 2000, the majority of the world's older people lived in
Asia
______ has led to longer life in old age and will extend the lives of more people in the future
Better health care and disease prevention
The country with the highest percentage of its population aged 65 or over is
China
_____ takes place when people of all ages move into an area, but older people arrive at the fastest pace
Congregation
_____ developed a model of the life course that has eight stages
Erikson
_____ when researchers study cognitively impaired older people
Ethical issues arise
McMullin and Berger found throughout their research that employers often used ______ in order to reject older workers.
Euphemisms
____ is the lead destination state for migrating retirees
Florida
_____ will produce an explosive growth in the number of older people in developing nations
High fertility in the past and greater survival of older people present
migration takes place when older retirees move back near their children
Kinship
The Health and Retirement Study (National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Health, 2007) conducted in the United States offers a good example of a ______________
Longitudinal study
The _____ migration takes place when an older person moves from a community setting to an institution
Major chronic disability
The ____ (2007) proposes the following approach to aging well:stick to be a healthy diet, exercise, keep your mind active, don't smoke, and see your doctor regularly
NIA
Some older people suffer from diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and strokes
Organic disorders
How do the interests of critical gerontology and positivist gerontology differ?
Positivists gerontology wants prediction and control over aging, while critical gerontology aims to empower older people
takes place when older people move into an area that younger people leave.
Recomposition
The ____ model of metal development (Baltes, 1997) says that people who age well optimize the skills they have and compensate for losses by gaining new skills
SOC
_____refers to exercise, diet, stress release, rest, and medical checkups
Self-care
Binstock (2005) called new ageism an example of
a compassionate stereotype
Fries predicts that in the future, death will come for most people around age 85 after a short illness. This will create
a compression of morbidity
Creating a positive attitude towards aging among health care professionals requires
a gerontology curriculum that balances a problem focus with information about successful aging
Sastry (1992) found that retiree migrants had ________ in retirement settings.
a large positive effect on the economy by spending their pensions, paying, taxes, and creating jobs
Longino (2001) says that people tend to move for three reasons in old age. Which of the following is not a reason that older people move?
acute disability
ADL and LADL problems increase with
age
Phillips and her colleagues (2006) found that people show a decline in performance based on ____ for abstract planning tasks
age
Information literacy is a vital skill for anymore who wants to understand _____ today
aging
Longino (1992) calls the first type of move, at retirement
amenity migration
_____ is a genetic process that switches off the cell's ability to divide, this controlling cell growth and cell death
apoptosis
In the past, population aging took place
because of decreased infant mortality
Schneider and Myles (2003) say that, for adults, ________ accounts for a full 70% of how well a person ages.
behavior and lifestyle
The Hayflick limit says
cell division has a limit
Bengtson and colleagues (1997) say that age stratification theory provides new ways to explore differences related to time, period and
cohort
Society orders age groups into an age stratification system called
cohort flow
According to Dixon and Cohen (2001), ________ can improve with age.
competence
Which of the following is not a trend that leads to an older population in the United States?
creative social action
Error theories view aging as a by-product of mistakes within the body. These errors lead to
decline in cellular and physical function
Successful aging refers to people who ____ in physiological functions
demonstrate
Examples of normative history graded events are
depression and war
New ageism refers to a(n)
desire to give more help to older people
Novak states that each age cohort moves through life as if on an ________
escalator
Research studies on human subjects face ______ challenges
ethical
Current research suggest that ____ can reduce osteoporosis in older women
exercise
Gerontologists work to replace myths and stereotypes of aging with
facts and knowledge
Continuity theory suggest that mildly active people in their middle years will
feel most satisfied with mildly active old
According to Manton and colleagues (2006), which of the following does not contribute to a decline in disability rates?
fewer home care services
Micro-levels theories
focus on small-scale events
According to the text, paradigms are
frameworks used to organize our understanding of natural and social phenomenon
The AARP (2007) sponsored a study of seven developed nations. The study found that age discrimination in ____ practices continues to be a serious concern around the world.
hiring
Normative events are
history or age-graded events
Migration plays a small roll in population aging because
immigrants typically arrive in the U.S as young adults
Ryff and Keyes show the link between the self and social conditions such as
income, education, and social class
A person who displays wisdom has
insight into life's conditions and shows good judgement
Conflict perspective
is used by gerontologists to look at how government policies influence old age
Stereotyping can
lead to prejudice, discrimination, and inappropriate treatment.
Age stratification theory views individual aging as a(n)
life-long process
The U.S Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits
mandatory retirement at any age
The stereotype of the sophisticated, successful, beautiful senior
may lead to a new form of ageism: the ageless self
Mutation theories link aging to
mistakes that take place in the synthesis of protein.
The interpretive perspective
most often focuses on the micro-level of social life
Palmore's research on the FAQ suggests that
most people know little about aging and have many misconceptions.
The study in the United Kingdom found that even magazines for _____ showed relatively few pictures of older people
natives
Ageism in our culture is
negative attitudes towards again
Erikson describes _____ as a time of life that emphasizes inwardness and reflection
old age
The AARP (1999) CONDUCTED a study which showed that _____ had the highest rates of vulnerability to crime
older people with low incomes
Suburban communities show an increase in older people. Which of the following is not a factor in the proportional rise of older people?
out-migration of the elderly
What accounts for the high concentration of older people in the Midwestern states?
out-migration of younger people
The process of long-term memory does not include
perception
Wiiliamson and Pahor (2010) say that ___ may be the most effective prescription for promoting successful aging
physical activity
Men die younger than women, but women have _____ in later life
poorer health
_______ seeks to controls natural evens like aging
positivism
Kahana (2003) say that people adapt and change their behavior to minimize stress and maximize development. They call this
proactivity
Congress (McCann and Ventrell-Monses, 2010) enacted the ADEA to
promote the employment of older workers based on ability rather than age
Changes in _____ and ______ have the greatest effect in a person's ability to function in later life
sight: hearing
According to Robert Kane, _____ is the biggest threat to improving our lifestyle
smoking
Functional disorders have roots in a person's
social setting and psychology
Researchers suggest that maintaining _____ can buffer depression and suicidal thoughts
social supports, a hobby, good physical health, a religious practice, and a positive state of mind
Differences in ____ may mean that some older people will suffer the effects of early health disadvantage
socioeconomic status
By the 18th century, researchers began to see aging as
something other than a disease
Thornton and Light state that ____ drives elderspeak
stereotyping
According to the cross-linking theory, glycation damages the body by
stiffening connective tissue
According to Mead, symbolic interaction
studies how symbols shape social relations
Demographers find that migration patterns follow
the life course
Population aging will slow and in some years reverse itself. Myers (1990) calls this
the metabolism of the population
Biomedicine studies refers to
the study of changes in the body that come with age
Which of the following reasons of studying aging was not given in the text?
to enable older people to reverse or avoid the effects of aging
Recent research on mental ability in old age indicates that
varied changes occur in mental ability as a person ages
