Exam chapter 7 psychology

________, which is caused by a defect in a gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability.

Fragile X chromosome

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through:

their language acquisition device.

According to Sternberg's theory, intelligence is is comprised of _______ different aspects.

three

Research suggests that ________ affect the person's prototype for that category.

what a person knows about a particular type of object does

Which of the following examples best illustrates divergent thinking?

Jennifer makes a bowling game using empty plastic bottles and an orange.

A test can fail in validity and still:

be reliable

Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to:

actual tasks involving visual perception.

The ________ heuristic is based on one's estimation of the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is to think of related examples.

availability

Gardner would say that intelligence:

can not be simply defined

Alyssa has to write a research paper discussing the effects of video games on child behavior. Alyssa believes that video games lead to bad behavior in children, and only finds research that supports her views. Alyssa's inability to find information that supports more than her viewpoint is a demonstration of _______.

confirmation bias

In a well-known animal language research study, Kanzi the chimp _________________________.

demonstrated four consistent sounds to represent banana, grapes, juice, and the word yes

Only differences among people in general can be investigated for the influence of genes because genes always interact with:

environmental factors

Jeremy wants to improve his cognitive health. Which of the following should he do?

increase physical exercise

A boy and his father are in a car accident. The father is killed, and the boy is rushed to the hospital. At the hospital, the doctor says, "I can't operate on this boy. He's my son!" How is this possible? If a person thinks about this problem without using a particular method, and the answer just comes to them after a period of time, the person solved this problem with:

insight

You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. At first thought, nothing comes to mind. Then suddenly, "aha!" The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. Your "aha!" moment is called _______.

insight

Standard deviation is the average variation of scores from the:

mean

Gardner theorized that there are ____ types of intelligence.

nine

Many items on a culture-fair test require the use of _______ abilities.

nonverbal abilities

Amelia is 3 years old and is beginning to develop more complex language skills. However, when she's out in public, she still has trouble knowing when to say what, and what to say to whom. Amelia appears to be having trouble with the ______ of language.

pragmatics

Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. This test can be considered:

reliable

A(n) ________ refers to a type of schema that involves a familiar sequence of activities.

script

The representativeness heuristic can be used to create and sustain:

stereotypes

"Michael painted the picture" and "the picture was painted by Michael" have the same semantic meaning but different:

syntax

Researchers have found that while some animals have demonstrated an ability to use language, none of them have been able to master ______.

syntax

A mental image that is larger and covers more distance:

takes longer to view than one that is smaller and more compact.