Exam edge 4

Which of the following organizes the schedule, focusing on the plan-do-review routine? High Scope. Bank Street. Head Start. Integrated curriculum.

Correct answer: High Scope High Scope was developed by Weirkart. The school day is planned out carefully in this curriculum. The routine is based on plan-do-review.

Reasoning and determination of right and wrong for four to six year olds is PRIMARILY based on which factor? Social justice. Peer pressure. Immediate reward or punishment. Moral beliefs systems.

Correct answer: Immediate reward or punishment Very young children have not developed matured self-regulation. Four to six years usually reason or determine right/wrong based on immediate reward or punishment.

How tall would you expect the typical 3-year-old male child to be? 42 inches. 38 inches. 40 inches. 30 inches.

Correct Answer 38 inches The typical 3 year old male child is 38 inches tall and weighs about 33 pounds. The typical 3 year old girl is slightly shorter and lighter.

At what age would you expect a typical child to have an established hand preference for writing, throwing, and other activities? 4 years. 8 years. 5 years. 7 years.

Correct Answer 5 years At 5 years, children have mastered a great deal of fine motor skill. At this age, hand preference is typically established.

The DIAL-3 is appropriate for use with children up until which age? 6 years, 11 months. 7 years. 5 years, 6 months. 8 years, 11 months.

Correct Answer 6 years, 11 months The DIAL-3 is used to assess motor, concepts, language, self-help, and social development. It is appropriate for use with children ages 3-6 years, 11 months.

An assessment in which the tasks are as close to real-life problems and tasks as possible is known as which of the following? Achievement test. Authentic assessment. Curriculum based assessment. Criterion based assessment.

Correct Answer Authentic assessment In an authentic assessment, the tasks and problems are designed to be as close to real life as possible. This allows the best possible assessment of how the child might complete the desired behavior in everyday life.

A learning process in which children work together to solve problems is known as which of the following? Discovery learning. Emergent learning. Cooperative learning. Generative learning.

Correct Answer Cooperative learning Cooperative learning is learning which children work together to solve problems. Children are encouraged to play an active role in the learning process.

The right "to protest and be heard prior to any action taken" is known as which of the following? Privacy. Due process. Professional privilege. Mandatory reporting.

Correct Answer Due process Due process is the right to protest and be heard prior to any action taken. Children and families have the right to due process in regards to placement or intervention based on assessments.

An assessment designed to inform, support, and monitor learning is known as which of the following? Instructional assessment. Diagnostic assessment. Authentic assessment. Screening assessment.

Correct Answer Instructional assessment Instructional assessments are designed to inform, support, and monitor learning. They may be used to evaluate the learning of one child, or to more broadly evaluate teaching methods or materials.

The value that one attaches to the mental picture he holds of himself is known as which of the following? Self-esteem. Self-awareness. Self-help skill. Self-concept.

Correct Answer Self-esteem The value a person attaches to the mental picture he holds of himself is self-esteem. Children develop self-esteem as they enter into periods of childhood where they are capable of making judgments about themselves and others.

Which of the following is NOT true of a child whose diet lacks iron? The child will be very physically active. The child may be wary or shy. The child may become less attentive. The child will rarely show delight or happiness.

Correct Answer The child will be very physically active Children whose diets lack appropriate iron tend to be easily tired, wary or shy, less attentive, and to seldom show delight or happiness. Iron deficiency can adversely impact brain development. The behaviors associated with it may also lead caregivers to engage less with the child, causing social and emotional development problems.

You are teaching your students about animals and their classifications. Of the responses below, which correctly identifies the classification of a shark? "A shark is a fish". "A shark is an amphibian". "A shark is a mammal" "A shark is a reptile".

Correct Answer: "A shark is a fish". Fish are vertebrates because they have a backbone. Other characteristics about fish are they are cold blooded, have scales, and use gills to breathe.

According to PASE v. Hannon, standardized tests may be used in which of the following circumstances? If they are culturally sensitive and used with other measures. If they are not used to track students. If they are the only way to measure the desired information. If they are used with other measures.

Correct Answer: If they are used with other measures. PASE v. Hannon found that standardized testing can be appropriate if the tests are used with other measures. This decision responded to accusations of cultural bias in testing.

Geography is taught in elementary school by showing names of places and locations using a map or a globe. Teachers use 3 strategies for students to learn geography. How is the personal experience strategy used? Taking students on a field trip to the local aquarium. Taking students on a walk around the school or park. Asking them to tell what plants are growing around their lawn at home. Drawing pictures of trees.

Correct Answer: Taking students on a walk around the school or park. The personal experience strategy is exposing students to personal look at the landscape. They should be able to touch the trees, grass, flowers, dirt, rocks, etc. This gives them the ability to know what the earth is composed of and how each element feels. Asking them to draw a picture of what they saw and explain how the item felt is a good beginning to get students interested.

A veteran first grade teacher is presenting to her fellow first and second grade teachers. The presentation is on the components of language. In the presentation, the veteran teacher began talking about rules in which words are arranged into sentences. Which term is related to this? The veteran teacher is talking about syntax in the presentation. While presenting to her coworkers, the teacher is discussing morphology. The term that the veteran first grade teacher is referring to is pragmatics. The first grade teacher is referring to semantics when talking about rules in which words are arranged into sentences.

Correct Answer: The veteran teacher is talking about syntax in the presentation. Language involves four main components. The components of language include: phonology, semantics, grammar, and pragmatics. Grammar involves two components: syntax and morphology. Syntax is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Which of the following references a child's perception through the five senses such as hearing, seeing, feeling, smell, or tasting? Exposure activities. Creative judgment. Aesthetics. Evaluation.

Correct Answer: Aesthetics. Aesthetics is the ability to perceive and appreciate objects, nature, and the world through the basic senses. Additionally, it focuses on forms of art, and gives children the ability to determine what they think is beautiful.

What are some indicators that a child has a slow to warm up temperament? Is often labeled as being shy Sits back and watches before he begins an activity Appears to be overly sensitive to change All of the above

Correct Answer: All of the above Children who exhibit a slow to warm-up personality are often misunderstood. They are often labeled with words such as sensitive, shy, whiny, and reserved. They are less likely to jump into an activity and will usually sit back and watch before they begin. They also have a harder time building friendships at first but once they are confident with their surroundings, they can be as active and engaging as other personality types. Slow to warm up children are generally more sensitive than other children and because of this can be overwhelmed by new experiences and change. For this reason, D), all of the above, is the correct answer.

Every year, a local firefighter speaks to the school on fire safety. There is also a presentation on stranger danger from the police chief. Who else could you invite to the class to speak on health and safety? One of the local insurance agents to speak on accidents and how insurance is there for recovery. A construction worker to bring and demonstrate the safety equipment that they use everyday. An electricity technician from the local power company to discuss safety around power lines. A local pastor, a rabbi, and possibly more people of faith to speak about spiritual health and happiness.

Correct Answer: An electricity technician from the local power company to discuss safety around power lines. Electricians could do a very good job discussing safety around power lines, especially during storm seasons. Spiritual health is too personal of an issue for the school, and an insurance agent is not for staying safe, but the aftermath, and safety in the workplace is not relevant to the class.

Mrs. Fields believes it is important to focus on pragmatics with her class. Which of these is the definition of pragmatics? Appropriate word choice and use in context to communicate effectively. Phrase and sentence structure -what makes sense. Units of meaning within words; the way words are formed. The basic sound units of language.

Correct Answer: Appropriate word choice and use in context to communicate effectively. Some of the issues addressed in pragmatics include taking turns in conversation and text organization. Deixis is also a part of pragmatics.

It is important to understand hierarchical inclusion, when teaching young children. Adults do not interpret in the same way that children do, and for that reason, your understanding will aid in successfully instructing this age group. Which of the below choices is an example of this? Asking the class, "what is the third school day of the week?" in which the correct response would be Wednesday. Asking the class to list the colors of the rainbow, using the mnemonic device that you taught them. Asking the class to perform the math question: 3 x 8 + 7, to teach the order of operations. Asking the class to list as many kings and queens as they can think of and then discuss where in time these people reigned.

Correct Answer: Asking the class, "what is the third school day of the week?" in which the correct response would be Wednesday. Hierarchical inclusion is the realization that the answer is part of a larger whole picture. In the example, the class realizes that Wednesday is the day of the week, that is included in the entire school week, along with other days.

At this stage in a child's development and learning, they are capable increasing their skills at focusing on their tasks and with increasing autonomy. Which of the below strategies will not help increase these skills? Assign a large project, such as a book report, that is broken down into deadlines that must be achieved before moving on to the next step of the project. Develop class room rules that are meaningful and connect to the students, what they are learning, and develop good social skills and good behavior. If a student makes a mistake, do not bring attention to the mistake unnecessarily, quickly and respectfully assist and move on to the next issue. Manage schedules and create habits that the children can adapt and follow, organize activity areas that enable the students' to be autonomous and independent.

Correct Answer: Assign a large project, such as a book report, that is broken down into deadlines that must be achieved before moving on to the next step of the project. Large assignments are intimidating to young children, and will not help them become independent in most cases. Student learn better with at this age, gradually increasing their skills at autonomy in small steps. Create activities that encourage independence like collecting their own equipment for an activity.

Giving feedback to young children is not always easy, but necessary to the growth of the student. There are a few ways to ensure that your feedback is effective and achieving its goals. Which of the below options is not recommended to providing effective feedback to your class? First, give the child a clear explanation of the criteria to which their work was compared and scored. Base all of your feedback in the context of the class and how the child compared to the others. Base all of your feedback in the context of how the work compares to the criteria alone. Give the feedback as soon as possible, quickly grading the assignment and delivering the feedback.

Correct Answer: Base all of your feedback in the context of the class and how the child compared to the others. Your feedback to the child should be based on their work as compared to the grading criteria, not to others in the classroom and their work. Feedback should be given to encourage and increase the learning of the curriculum in each individual child, not the class as a whole. Remind the child of the criteria to which the grading scale is based, and give feedback as quickly as possible.

Which learning theory focuses on observation and imitation? Socioculture. Cognitive. Maturation. Behaviorist.

Correct Answer: Cognitive. Cognitive theory focuses on children learning through observation and imitation. Behaviorists focus on reinforcement and behavior. Personality is constructed by a series of learning experiences that occur through interactions between the individual and their environment.

To facilitate access to all parts of the classroom for wheelchair-bound student, Brooke, what should Mrs. Fuentes do to determine what modifications might be necessary to make in the classroom? Conduct an observation to see how Brooke maneuvers herself around the classroom. Make her own judgment on the space needed and determine whether it will accommodate Brooke's needs. Not worry about it. Brooke does not need to access all areas of the room. Have other students move desks around when Brooke needs to get by, since it will only take a minute.

Correct Answer: Conduct an observation to see how Brooke maneuvers herself around the classroom. Observation that is objective, specific and thorough is key to enabling a teacher to take action in making the classroom successful for everyone. For example, if it is apparent that there is not enough room for Brooke to manipulate her wheelchair throughout the classroom, Mrs. Fuentes, through her observation of Brooke's movements, can make the necessary adjustments with respect to the physical arrangement of the classroom to ensure that Brooke has access to all of the materials and equipment that she needs in the classroom.

It is extremely important to the safety of the children that the playground equipment be installed and maintained according to regulations. A six foot perimeter around any playground equipment is: Considered by the manufacturer of the equipment as the death zone. Considered by the manufacturer of the equipment as the fly off zone. Considered by the manufacturer of the equipment as the fall zone. Considered by the manufacturer of the equipment as the padded zone.

Correct Answer: Considered by the manufacturer of the equipment as the fall zone. The six foot perimeter around any playground equipment is considered the fall zone. There are important regulations and laws as the installation and maintenance of this equipment. This area needs to have a soft, cushiony, shock absorbing surface. This area cannot be used if the surface is hard or packed.

A first-grade teacher is sitting in a professional development session. The session involves going over language development with the teachers. Currently, it is focused on the process of developing speech and language. Which statement did the first-grade teacher learn as true for developing speech and language? Developing speech and language is a natural process in early childhood. Developing speech and language skills are not natural, and must be learned in formal schooling. Developing speech and language skills are not natural, and must be learned in informal schooling. Developing speech and language skills is natural for children 3 years of age and above.

Correct Answer: Developing speech and language is a natural process in early childhood. Beginning at birth, children begin developing speech and language skills. 0 to 5 are the most critical for a child's language development. Language development does continue into adolescence.

You have the class identify all of the countries of Europe. You explain that each country has a different type of government, culture, resources, etc. This discussion will teach the class that: Different nations live on the same continent, with different groups of people. Each group of people has to respect the other. Each nation of people has their own laws. Europe is essentially one big country with one currency.

Correct Answer: Different nations live on the same continent, with different groups of people. This is a good example of many different groups and cultures that all live in one land mass. These groups have different governments, different laws, etc. They all respect the borders and each cultures opinions and ways.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)? Discriminatory evaluation. Multidisciplinary assessment. Zero reject. Due process.

Correct Answer: Discriminatory evaluation. A fair evaluation is needed to determine whether a student has a disability, and if so, what course of study will be implemented for his/her education.

For which age group is an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) designed? For children over the age of six (6). For children between the ages of six (6) and eight (8). For children over the age of 13. For infants and toddlers.

Correct Answer: For infants and toddlers. A plan created for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families, the Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) specifies the types of services that a child will receive through the school system to help him or her reach their individual goals.

The study and knowledge of theories, leaders, and historical events in early childhood education enables a teacher to do all but which of the following? Talk about the learning process with families and others. Assess children's learning. Know when, why, how, and where learning takes place. Advocate proper learning strategies.

Correct Answer: Know when, why, how, and where learning takes place. By learning the theories and history of early childhood education, the professional educator knows the roots of the education field, and why certain trends and even controversies have gotten started. Learning and understanding theories of learning assist an educator in communicating about the learning process with parents, the community, and other individuals; as well as with the evaluation of learning, and providing guidance and support to children.

A third-grade class is studying fish and their environment, which is an in-classroom aquarium. The students see that the aquarium is becoming dirty. Which of the following best represents the next stage of the scientific inquiry cycle after stating the problem? Forming the hypothesis. Observing the experiment. Interpreting the data. Drawing a conclusion.

Correct Answer: Forming the hypothesis. In the scientific method process, the first step is stating the problem. In the case of our scenario, the students' problem is that the fish aquarium is becoming dirty. The next step after stating the problem is developing the hypothesis, which is to guess why the fish aquarium is dirty. Are the fish making the aquarium dirty, or is there another reason for the condition of the aquarium? The steps that follow in the order of occurrence are: Observation: This step could also be called "research." It is the first stage in understanding the problem. After you decide on topic, and narrow it down to a specific question, you will need to research everything that you can find about it. You can collect information from your own experiences, books, the internet, or even smaller "unofficial" experiments. Experimenting: This is the part of the scientific method that tests your hypothesis. An experiment is a tool that you design to find out if your ideas about your topic are right or wrong. Interpretation of data: Drawing conclusions: The final step in the scientific method is the conclusion. This is a summary of the experiment's results, and how those results match up to your hypothesis. You have two options for your conclusions: based on your results, either: (1) YOU CAN REJECT the hypothesis, or (2) YOU CAN NOT REJECT the hypothesis.

Which of the following forms of play emerges during the sensorimotor stage? Symbolic play. Functional play. Free play. Parallel play.

Correct Answer: Functional play. Functional play emerges during the sensorimotor period. That type of play is a direct response to a child's need to be active and to engage in muscular activities. Along with allowing children to become physically active, functional play allows children to use their exploration skills.

Which of the following is essential in the development of an effective system of early learning standards? Give emphasis to early cognitive development. Give emphasis to all domains of early development and learning. Give emphasis to early language development. Give emphasis to early reading development.

Correct Answer: Give emphasis to all domains of early development and learning. According to the NAEYC, effective learning standards give emphasis to all domains of early development and learning. The content and desired outcome of effective early learning standards are meaningful and important to children's current well-being, and to their future learning experience.

Mrs. Peeples tells one of her kindergarteners, "Good job," as she reads the sentence. What is Mrs. Peeples most likely doing when she praises the kindergarten student? Giving ineffective praise. Using paraphrase reflection. Demonstrating effective praise. Providing reflection.

Correct Answer: Giving ineffective praise. Mrs. Peeples was giving the student ineffective praise. Feedback that is not specific or general in nature can make a student feel that the praise is not genuine, because he or she hears it all of the time. In order to have given the child effective praise, Mrs. Peeples should have said, "You read some difficult words in that sentence." That way, the child would have known that Mrs. Peeples was praising his/her reading effort.

Mrs. Stewart, a 4th grade teacher, has spent the last month teaching about myths, and specifically about animal myths. To determine if the children have retained the subject material and to also build on their knowledge of the myths, what is an interactive activity for Mrs. Stewart to do with her class? A multiple choice test on myths that they have studied Oral report on a myth Have the children write an essay Have the children form discussion groups, each on a separate myth

Correct Answer: Have the children form discussion groups, each on a separate myth Although all of the answers can help in assessing the children's retention of the subject, forming discussion groups in the class can lead to not only assessing the children's progress but also build on their knowledge of the subject in an interactive manner. Having discussion groups can lead to other projects and the knowledge that the children gain through the discussions can lead to essays or oral presentations.

A first grade teacher is learning about language. She is learning the different components of language as well as how a child develops language and speech skills. While reading about language, the teacher began focusing on the main components of language. The teacher learned that there are how many main components of language? The first grade teacher has learned that language has 2 main components of it. Language includes 3 main components, is what the first grade teacher read. In the teacher's reading, the first grade teacher learned that language has 4 different main components. While reading about language, the teacher learned that there are 5 main components of language.

Correct Answer: In the teacher's reading, the first grade teacher learned that language has 4 different main components. Language and communication skills are an important part of a child's development. Language includes four main components. They are: phonology, semantics, grammar, and pragmatics.

Five-year-old Tina loves to engage in locomotor activities. Which of the following stages best represents Tina's social development? Industry versus inferiority. Initiative versus guilt. Autonomy versus shame and doubt. Basic trust versus mistrust.

Correct Answer: Initiative versus guilt. Children in the psychosocial developmental stage, initiative versus guilt, are excited to perform locomotor activities. During that stage of Erickson's Epigenetic Theory, they feel guilty when they are not allowed to engage in initiating activities.

Between the ages of three and five, which crisis do children face according to Erikson? Initiative vs. Guilt. Trust vs. Mistrust. Autonomy vs. Shame. Industry vs. Inferiority.

Correct Answer: Initiative vs. Guilt. The third crisis is Initiative vs. Guilt. Between ages three and five, children are exploring their world. Freedom will help develop their initiative.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for developing divergent thinking? Hypothetical thinking. Completion. Reversal. Intellectual formulation.

Correct Answer: Intellectual formulation. Seven guidelines to encourage divergent thinking in children exist. Those strategies are: (1) Hypothetical thinking; (2) Reversal; (3) Application of different symbol systems; (4) Analysis of point of view; (5) Completion; (6) Using graphics, such as charts and tables; and (7) Analogy.

When setting goals for your class, there are many choices and considerations for each child. Your expectations influence the children and their learning. Which of the below statements is true of setting goals for young children and their learning? Learning goals should be difficult for the child to achieve, to encourage hard work and motivation. Learning goals should be long-term for the entire year oftentimes, to encourage goal setting. Learning goals should be short-term, possible for the week, they are easier to judge progress and more encouraging. Learning goals should be simple and easy to achieve for the student, it is more motivating.

Correct Answer: Learning goals should be short-term, possible for the week, they are easier to judge progress and more encouraging. The key to setting goals is that they can't be too easy, nor too hard, but moderately hard for the students. They should be short-term, not long term as to be more encouraging to the students, and not so insurmountable.

An environment in which a child with disabilities is educated with children who do not have disabilities is known as which of the following? Expanding environment. Least restrictive environment. Readiness environment. Entitlement environment.

Correct Answer: Least restrictive environment. All students with disabilities have the right to learn in a least restrictive environment, which is an environment that is consistent with their academic, social, and physical needs.

The extent to which a person believes he or she can control events is known as which of the following? Social perspective taking. Self-concept. Locus of control. Self-awareness.

Correct Answer: Locus of control. The extent to which a person believes he or she has control over events is known as the locus of control. Young children may have a higher internal locus of control, believing events to be the result of their own actions or thoughts. People tend to become more external in their locus of control as they age and again experience of the world.

It is well known that the strategies you will use to keep your students' attention and keep them motivated to learn, are different than those used by educators of older students. Which of the below teaching strategies is recommended for your students? Teach and instruct from the front of the classroom, preferably from behind a desk or a lectern; this commands the students' attention. Make a conscious effort to use the students' real lives as examples in the daily lessons, making the lessons more interesting and increasing comprehension. Begin each day with any housekeeping items such as attendance, announcements, handing in homework, etc.; it clears the rest of the class time for listening and learning. Design lessons to limit the amount of contribution from the students during the beginning of the lessons; this will keep the students' attention more effectively and increase comprehension.

Correct Answer: Make a conscious effort to use the students' real lives as examples in the daily lessons, making the lessons more interesting and increasing comprehension. The best way to keep students interested and motivated is to incorporate the students into the lessons. Use their day to day life as examples of new topics, involve the students in discussions during the instruction. Begin teaching as soon as the students get in their seats as that is the most memorable part of the day, limit housekeeping tasks.

Most parents are accustomed to hearing from their child's teacher, only when the child is having problems. It is also important to maintain the relationship, once it is built. Which of the below choices is not recommended for your approach to this difficult communication? Purchase a stack of postcard and stamps and send a postcard home to each family, each week, noting a positive event. Make it a habit to send flowers to the family whenever there is a family emergency. Make it a habit to call at least one family a week and discuss the student and their achievements. From the beginning of the school year, encourage the parents to add their input and participate in the classroom activities.

Correct Answer: Make it a habit to send flowers to the family whenever there is a family emergency. Purchasing gifts during times of family emergency is not recommended, it has nothing to do with the student or the class. Focus on the child by calling the family occasionally and sending a quick note when the child has achievements.

Which of the following is true under FERPA? Parents must submit a request to see their child's records in writing. Parents have the right to review their child's records. Early childhood educators are mandated to report suspected abuse. Children are entitled to be assessed in the language they use most frequently.

Correct Answer: Parents have the right to review their child's records Under FERPA, the Family Education Right to Privacy Act, all records must be kept confidential. However, parents do have the right to review their child's records.

Which of the following is NOT a typical area in a Montessori classroom? Planning time. Practical life. Sensory materials. Academic materials.

Correct Answer: Planning time. Planning time is an essential component of the High/Scope type of program. In Montessori, there are three (3) areas upon which a child engages. Those areas are practical life, sensory materials, and academic materials through which they learn writing, reading, and mathematics.

Which of the following of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by the acquisition of language? Preoperational. Sensorimotor. Concrete operational. Formal operational.

Correct Answer: Preoperational During the preoperational stage of development, children begin to acquire and use language. This stage, which last from age two until about age six, is characterized by a difficulty or inability to mentally manipulate information or understand logic.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scaffolding process? Introducing a new task. Observing and listening. Talking about the task. Providing accessibility.

Correct Answer: Providing accessibility. The basic steps of effective scaffolding do not include providing accessibility. However, the process does promote the following: (1) Observation and listening; (2) Approaching the child and asking permission to offer help; (3) Talking about the task; (4) Allowing the child to take over the activity; (5) Withdrawing help slowly; (6) Monitoring the child's independent performance after scaffolding; and (7) Introducing a more challenging task.

Which of the following is LEAST likely a criteria when assessing the physical arrangement of a room? Clear boundaries between learning centers. Minimal interference as children move from one part of the room to the next. Ability of the teacher, or an adult, to see the children at all times. Color scheme of the room.

Correct answer: Color scheme of the room Physical assessment of a room should consider how to minimize interferences, create clear boundaries, and allow the teacher or adults ability to see the children at all times. The color scheme is the least likely criteria considered.

Mrs. Lander's grade 5 test took a standardized test to evaluate their progress in the grade. The results of the test were the following: 50% of her class met or exceeded the standard grade point average for reading, while 60% of her class met or exceeded the standard grade point average for math, 80% in science, and finally 55% in social studies. From these findings, what area of learning should Mrs. Lander's work on? Social Studies Math Science Reading

Correct Answer: Reading Although the test score in Social Studies was fairly low, only 50% of Mrs. Lander's class met the standardized grade point average in reading. This means that in a class of 20 students, only 10 students read at the average level or higher. By focusing on reading Mrs. Landers can raise the skill level of all the children and encourage the development of the other subjects, such as social studies as well.

The role of the Montessori teacher is to do which of the following with respect to children and their learning? Respect, encourage and observe. Nurture, support, and elevate. Direct, discipline, and encourage. Instruct, monitor, and support.

Correct Answer: Respect, encourage, and observe. The role of the Montessori teacher includes making children the center of learning, and respecting, encouraging, and observing them and their learning. Teachers prepare to learn environments, introduce learning materials, and demonstrate lessons.

The theory that individuals and the environment shapes a child's character was introduced by which of the following? B.F. Skinner. Robert Owen. John Locke. A.S. Neill.

Correct Answer: Robert Owen. Robert Owen believed that a child's environment influenced the child's beliefs, behavior, and accomplishments. Additionally, through his teachings, Owen expressed that early childhood education has the ability to change society.

Setting limits is closely associated with establishing expectations and relates to defining unacceptable behavior. Setting clear limits is important for which of the following reasons? Children feel restricted when they are given expectations relating to what they can and cannot do. Setting limits makes a child question whether he/she is doing the right thing. Setting limits helps you clarify what you believe is acceptable in your own mind. When children know what to expect, they will often push for more.

Correct Answer: Setting limits helps you clarify what you believe is acceptable in your own mind. Children need and rely on expectations and restrictions to guide them through life. That way, they learn to distinguish between right and wrong, as well as what is expected from them.

The science teacher asks to coordinate an activity with your math class. She needs the class to determine some numbers for a project in human growth. She has asked for the height of each student in both classes. How could you use this data in your math class? Teaching the children measurements and the use of a tape measure. Teaching the children how to calculate averages. Teaching the children measurements and averages. Teaching the children fractions and how to perform cross multiplication.

Correct Answer: Teaching the children measurements and averages. This is a great way to use math in science. It is also a way to teach the class the proper way to measure in inches or centimeters. Lastly, the data can be used to determine averages in height of the classes.

You are teaching your class a social studies lesson on geography. Which of the below would LEAST likely be included in a lesson on geography? The Statue of Liberty. Names of oceans and continents. Comparison of urban, suburban, and rural areas. Identifying major U.S. cities.

Correct Answer: The Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty would most likely be included in a lesson on American symbols, landmarks, and monuments. Reading a map and using a letter-number grid would also likely be used to teach geography.

A typical 7 year old child would be expected to be capable of understanding all but which of the following? The concept of seasons. That letters and words represent sounds. The concept of similarity between objects. The concept of reversibility, such as that 4+3=3+4.

Correct Answer: The concept of reversibility, such as that 4+3=3+4. At 7 years of age, children are grasping more and more abstract concepts. At this age, a child is likely to understand the concepts of days, months, and seasons. He or she is also likely to understand that letters represent sounds which form works, and to be able to point out the points of similarity between objects. The concept of reversibility is a bit more abstract, and the typical child does not grasp it until around the age of 8 years.

The veteran first grade teacher is holding a training and going over Piaget's cognitive theory. In the training, the veteran teacher is going over all of the basic components of the theory. Currently, she is focusing on the preoperational concept. The veteran teacher asked the group, " What basic component of the theory is the preoperational phase associated with?" The group correctly responded with: The group correctly responded that the preoperational phase falls within Schemas. The group stated it is adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to the next that the term correctly falls under. The group said it falls under euphoria. The group answered that it falls under stages of cognitive development.

Correct Answer: The group answered that it falls under stages of cognitive development. An important theory for teachers to know is the cognitive theory. It includes three basic components. These components include: schemas, adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to the next, and stages of cognitive development. The final component, stages of cognitive development, include: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Selecting fiction books for your class' reading times can be much more difficult than choosing the historical references, or fact-based books. Is the cover appealing? Is the title something everyone in the class is interested in? Which of the below considerations should you visit in choosing a fiction book? The entire book should be no more than two hundred pages of reading text for the students, to be able to keep their attention. The most important consideration in choosing a book is that it is real to life, everyday based, for the children to be able to relate to the content. The most important consideration in choosing a book is its message and positive attitudes, it should encourage good ethics and morals. The most important consideration in choosing a book is it's cost, cheap books have cheap storylines, quality books have good stories.

Correct Answer: The most important consideration in choosing a book is its message and positive attitudes, it should encourage good ethics and morals. The most important consideration in choosing a book of fiction for the class, is that it delivers a positive message, good ethics and behaviors, and is relevant to the curriculum in types and formats.

The school's second-grade teacher is learning about the cognitive development theory. He has been asked to better acquaint himself with the theory, by the principal. This was asked by the principal because the principal wants the teacher to discuss the developmental stage that the second graders are in with some inquiring parents. The principal stated that the stage that he wants the teacher to discuss includes the ages 7, 8, 9, 10, and ends at the age of 11. What is the proper stage for the teacher to discuss with the parents? The teacher has been asked by the principal to go over the pre-operational stage with the inquiring parents. The proper stage for the teacher to discuss is the concrete operational stage because it includes the second grade age range. The teacher will discuss the formal operational stage with the parents in this scenario. For this scenario, the teacher will go over the sensorimotor stage, which includes the proper second-grade age range

Correct Answer: The proper stage for the teacher to discuss is the concrete operational stage because it includes the second grade age range. Jean Piaget created a theory known as the cognitive theory. This theory involves the stages of development. The stages are as follows: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The concrete operational stage starts at the age of 7 and ends at the age of 11.

At the beginning of each year, you need to assess the reading proficiency of each student, in each class that you are teaching. Which of the below statements is not true of these assessments? The reading proficiency for young children is very easy to assess, and needs to be examined early in the school year, to prevent the child from falling behind. Comprehensive questions are a good way to judge a student's reading comprehension, allow the students to review the questions, then complete the reading. Authentic assessments are a good way to judge reading comprehension, but the test should be designed so that the reading has real-life uses. Reading aloud is not a good indicator of a student's reading comprehension, due to the fact that the child may know how to pronounce the word, yet not know its definition.

Correct Answer: The reading proficiency for young children is very easy to assess, and needs to be examined early in the school year, to prevent the child from falling behind. Reading comprehension/proficiency is actually very hard to judge in young children. You can easily be fooled into thinking that a child's comprehension is better than it really is, due to being a good phonetic reader, not comprehensive.

The second grade class is doing an experiment. The teacher is having the students mix colors together to form a new color. The teacher told the students to mix colors to form green. What colors must the class mix together to create green? If the class mixes blue and black together, the students will get green. The students tried mixing yellow and red together to get green. The students created the color green, by mixing the colors blue and yellow together. Blue and red must be mixed together to create the color green.

Correct Answer: The students created the color green, by mixing the colors blue and yellow together. There are 3 primary colors and 3 secondary colors. Green is a secondary color. Blue and yellow mixed together create the color green.

The first grade teacher is taking the time to learn about Erikson's theory. This theory is related to development. While learning about the theory, the teacher found that there are multiple stages that a person will go through in their life. The teacher is on the second stage, which is known as early childhood. What is the psychosocial crisis related to the stage this teacher is currently focusing on? The teacher is learning about Stage 2, which has a psychosocial crisis of autonomy vs shame. The first grade teacher found that the psychosocial crisis related to this stage is industry vs inferiority. In this scenario, the teacher has learned that initiative vs guilt is the correct psychosocial crisis for stage 2. The teacher is learning about stage 2, which has the correct crisis of trust vs mistrust.

Correct Answer: The teacher is learning about Stage 2, which has a psychosocial crisis of autonomy vs shame. The psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development has been created by Erik Erikson. The theory has 8 different stages. The stages that make up his theory are as follows: Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust- (0-18mo) Trust- Believing in caregivers Trusting that the world is safe Knowing that needs will be met Mistrust- Distrusting caregivers Fearing the world Unsure that needs will be met Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (18mo-3yrs) Children at this age are becoming increasingly independent and want to gain more control over what they do and how they do it- toilet training, dressing, making food choices. Parents who are negative or who punish a child for simple mistakes can contribute to feelings of shame or self-doubt. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5) Children begin asserting control and power over the environment by taking initiative by planning activities, accomplishing tasks, and facing challenges. Initiatives can range from choices they make in the friends they play with, the activities they engage in, and the way that they approach different tasks. During this stage, it is important for caregivers to encourage exploration and to help children make appropriate choices. Essentially, kids who fail to develop a sense of initiative at this stage may emerge with a fear of trying new things. When they do direct efforts toward something, they may feel that they are doing something wrong. Caregivers who are discouraging or dismissive may cause children to feel ashamed of themselves and to become overly dependent upon the help of others. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) Friends and classmates play a role in how children progress through the industry versus inferiority stage. Through proficiency at play and schoolwork, children are able to develop a sense of competence and pride in their abilities. By feeling competent and capable, children are able to also form a strong self-concept. During social interactions with peers, some children may discover that their abilities are better than those of their friends or that their talents are highly prized by others. This can lead to feelings of confidence. In other cases, kids may discover that they are not quite as capable as the other kids, which can result in feelings of inadequacy. Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion This stage occurs during adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 and 18. During this stage, adolescents explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation This stage takes place during young adulthood between the ages of approximately 19 and 40. The major conflict at this stage of life centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success at this stage leads to fulfilling relationships. Struggling at this stage, on the other hand, can result in feelings of loneliness and isolation. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation This stage takes place during middle adulthood between the ages of approximately 40 and 65. During this time, adults strive to create or nurture things that will outlast them; often by parenting children or contributing to positive changes that benefit other people. Contributing to society and doing things to benefit future generations are important needs at the generativity versus stagnation stage of development. Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair This stage begins at approximately age 65 and ends at death. Integrity refers to a person's ability to look back on their life with a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment. Characteristics of integrity include: Acceptance A sense of wholeness Lack of regret Feeling at peace A sense of success Feelings of wisdom and acceptance Despair refers to looking back on life with feelings of regret, shame, or disappointment. Characteristics of despair include: Bitterness Regret Ruminating over mistakes Feeling that life was wasted Feeling unproductive Depression Hopelessness

A group of teachers are studying together to broaden their knowledge on the cognitive theory. The teachers have researched other theories in the past. Now the teachers are focusing on what sets Piaget's theory apart from others. Which did the teachers state is true about Jean Piaget's cognitive theory? The teachers found that this theory has a primary focus of children. The theory is concerned with children and it focuses on development and that is why it stands out. The theory is different because it focuses on development and proposes discrete stages of development that are marked by qualitative differences. The teachers found that this theory is concerned with children, focuses on development, and proposes discrete stages of development that are marked by qualitative differences.

Correct Answer: The teachers found that this theory is concerned with children, focuses on development, and proposes discrete stages of development that are marked by qualitative differences. The cognitive theory was developed by Jean Piaget. The theory is different from other theories because it is concerned with children, focuses on development, and proposes discrete stages of development that are marked by qualitative differences. This theory has 3 basic concepts: schemas, adaptation processes that enable the transition from one stage to the next, and stages of cognitive development.

The first grade teacher wants to utilize a new form of communication with parents this school year. She is thinking about using weekly work folders. What is a benefit of weekly work folders being sent home to parents? A benefit of weekly work folders is that it communicates information with minimal effort from any party. The weekly work folder is used to guarantee success from the first grade students. The weekly folder is beneficial because it communicates to parents how their child is performing on assignments. A benefit of this folder is that it guarantees that parents never have to talk directly to teachers.

Correct Answer: The weekly folder is beneficial because it communicates to parents how their child is performing on assignments. Communication is key for parent and teacher relationships. Weekly work folders can be used to communicate with parents. This folder can contain assignments from the week, quizzes, and homework. It is used to allow parents to see how their child is doing in the class.

Which of the following correctly describes the purpose of creating an anti-bias curriculum? To challenge and change all biases against gender, race, culture, or disability. To separate and divide all children. To make certain groups of children stand out. To give preferential treatment to some students.

Correct Answer: To challenge and change all biases against gender, race, culture, or disability. The purpose of an anti-bias curriculum is to challenge and change the way that children may think about racial, cultural, and gender issues. That type of curriculum addresses cultural diversity, is based on the developmental task of children, and addresses the impact of discrimination, stereotyping, and bias on a child's development, self- esteem, and social interaction.

When hearing about the government in the news, some believe that having no government would be better. You are teaching your second graders about the United States and the government. Which of the below choices is NOT a reason to have a government? To assess and collect taxes for use in governmental programs. To write and enact laws for legislation and later enforcement. To decide and supply people the food that they need to eat to be healthy. To provide armies to defend the citizens and the land of the United States.

Correct Answer: To decide and supply people the food that they need to eat to be healthy. The Constitution provides that the government should be responsible to collect and use taxes, provide the armies to defend the country and its people, and to write and implement the laws. They can tell people what is healthy to eat, but does not provide the food for the citizens.

How should the results of authentic assessments be used? For budgeting programs. To decide which programs to eliminate. To improve teachers' training and curriculum. To assist in reaching a decision on whether to place a child in a particular program.

Correct Answer: To improve teachers' training and curriculum. Assessment should not be used to recommend that a child be eliminated from a particular program, or be retained or assigned to special groups based on ability or developmental maturity. Assessment is intended to benefit children through teaching and program improvement.

Which environmental factor will cause a functional deficit of the respiratory system? Cystic fibrosis. Congenital rubella. Obesity. Tobacco smoke.

Correct Answer: Tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke is an environmental factor. It has been shown to cause a functional deficit of the respiratory system. This occurs if a child is exposed while the mother is pregnant or after birth.

How large is the typical child's vocabulary at 3 years of age? 1500 words. 300 words. 700 words. 1000 words.

Correct Answer:1000 words. The typical child has a vocabulary of around 1000 words by the age of 3 years. This is a major increase from the 350 words typical of children at 2 1/2 years old.

Which of the following is not an educational pathway for starting a career in the early childhood education profession? Associate degree programs. CDA credential. Baccalaureate programs. Master's degree programs.

Correct Answer:CDA credential. The Child Development Associate (CDA) is a national credential that allows a professional in early childhood education to demonstrate his/her competence of work with children aged five (5) and younger. The CDA is a certification that is obtained after an individual completes the appropriate educational courses, and degree obtainment in early childhood education. That is, therefore, not a viable pathway to start a career in the early childhood education field. Instead, it is a credential to prove that a professional has the knowledge and skills to teach young children.

The ability to finish new things, gain new skills, and apply them is known as which of the following? Standards. Competence. Sequencing. Motivation.

Correct Answer:Competence. Competence is the ability to learn new skills, become good at those skills, and apply them to daily life activities. Children who have encouraging environments in which they are able to explore and learn, even in early infancy, will gain more confidence and competence in the activities that they undertake.

What is the ideal setting in which to administer an evaluation to young children? In a different classroom. In an unfamiliar location, to deter distractions. In a well-lit, well-ventilated space. In a pleasing playroom atmosphere.

Correct Answer:In a well-lit, well-ventilated space.Ideally, evaluations should take place in environments that are pleasing, well-ventilated, and well-lit; in addition to having ample space with neither distractions nor high noise levels.

The second-grade teacher is holding a small training on language. The purpose is to help the teachers to understand how children learn language. The second-grade teacher began discussing one of the components of language. The one she is discussing involves the rules about the structure as well as the sequence of speech sounds. Which component is the teacher discussing? The second-grade teacher is going over the concept of pragmatics in the small training. In the small training on language, grammar is being discussed. The second-grade teacher is discussing semantics in the small training. In the training, the teacher is discussing the component of phonology.

Correct Answer:In the training, the teacher is discussing the component of phonology. A teacher has a firm understanding that development includes learning language and communication skills. Language has four main components. They are as follows: phonology, semantics, grammar, and pragmatics. Phonology is the component that involves the rules about the structure and sequence of speech sounds.

The philosopher who advocated education as a natural process without restrictions was which of the following? Stanley Hall. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A.S. Neill. Abigail Eliot.

Correct Answer:Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's belief was that children should be educated through natural approaches. He also believed that children should be raised with natural approaches. Further, he created the idea of unfolding, in which a child develops based on his or her natural, internal clock.

A person who has no mentalistic explanations to help them understand another person's actions would be described as which of the following? Prealphabetic. Preoperational. Mindblind. Autistic.

Correct Answer:Mindblind Mindblindness occurs when a person does not have mentalistic explanations to use to help understand another's actions. Very young children are mindblind, while typical children in the school years develop a series of mentalistic explanations for behavior. Children with developmental delays or conditions such as autism may also be mindblind.

Devon worked independently in the pink towers located in the sensory center of the classroom. Which learning style element most likely allows a child to learn alone? Environmental. Emotional. Physical. Sociological.

Correct Answer:Sociological.Sociological is a learning style element that includes the opportunity to learn alone, to learn with others, or to learn through a variety of ways. An incorrect answer choice, environmental refers to sound, light, and design. Also incorrect, emotional focuses on traits such as responsibility and persistence, while physical refers to elements such as the time of day that a child learns best.

Which of the following approaches best allows children to attain the skills that they need to be able to read? Direct instruction. Small group instruction. Extension instruction. Systematic instruction.

Correct Answer:Systematic instruction. Systematic instruction is a sequence of planned instructional events. It includes phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension.

A teacher is sitting in a conference. The conference is about communicating better with parents. All types of communication are being discussed. The person in charge said that a smile, a nod, and talking to the parent casually are all examples of what type of communication? The teacher learned that those are all examples of limited communication. The above are all examples of expressed communication. The teacher learned from the presenter that those are all examples of bias communication. The teacher in the scenario learned that the above are examples of non-expressive communication.

Correct Answer:The above are all examples of expressed communication. Expressed communication is one type of communication that teachers and parents can use. It can be either one way or two way exchanges. Expressed communication can be done by creating expressions or words verbally expressed. Some examples include: smiling or talking to someone.

A first grade teacher is doing a presentation for her peers on the classifications of barriers to communication. She stated that one classification includes barriers caused by filtering and distortion of the message to and from the parent. The barriers that the teacher is discussing fall under what classification? The above is related to physical barriers of communication. The teacher stated the example falls under language barriers of communication. The example in the scenario is related to socio-psychological barriers of communication. The teacher is discussing organizational barriers of communication.

Correct Answer:The example in the scenario is related to socio-psychological barriers of communication. Teachers know that there are 5 different classifications of barriers to communication. The 5 include: physical barriers, language barriers, socio-psychological barriers, organizational barriers, and cross-cultural barriers. Some psychological barriers include: attitude and opinions, emotions, filtering and distortion of the message, and closed mind.

The second grade teacher is learning about barriers to communication with parents. She knows there are different ones that can impede communication and she wants to work on limiting them if she can. While learning about barriers to communication, she found that these fall into how many classifications of barriers? The teacher in the scenario, knows that barriers to communication fall into 2 classifications of barriers. Barriers to communication fall into 3 classifications of barriers. The teacher learned that barriers to communication fall into 5 classifications of barriers. The second grade teacher knows that barriers to communication fall into 7 classifications of barriers.

Correct Answer:The teacher learned that barriers to communication fall into 5 classifications of barriers. Barriers to communication impede communication with parents. There are 5 different classifications of barriers. These are: physical barriers, language barriers, socio-psychological barriers, organizational barriers, and cross cultural barriers

Student-led conferences encourage children to do which of the following? To improve their skills to compete with their peers. To be more serious about doing their best work. To show off their skills, and to celebrate their victories. To reflect on what they have produced, and to consider their goals.

Correct Answer:To reflect on what they have produced, and to consider their goals. Student-led conferences allow the child's hard work to be acknowledged by parents and others who are interested. Supportive comments are satisfying for the child, and are a powerful mechanism for evaluating the child's growth. They encourage children to reflect on what they have produced, and to consider their goals.

A school does not have fixed learning periods and uses theories by Dewey and Froebel. Which curriculum is being used? Practice. Play-based. Integrated. Behaviorist.

Correct answer: Integrated Integrated curriculum combines the theories. Children are allowed to determine which activities to participate in and when they will do so.

A child is obese. What does this indicate about nutrition levels? The child is adequately nourished. Malnourishment is possible. This is not related to nutrition levels. Malnourishment is unlikely.

Correct answer: Malnourishment is possible Many overweight children are actually undernourished. This is because most high caloric food is low in nutrition. This combination increases the risk of health and development problems.

When planning for the LANGUAGE domain, an early childhood educator will benefit MOST from understanding: Behavioral theory. Oral language development. Physical development. Cognitive theory.

Correct answer: Oral language development All of the answer choices are theories important for educating children. There are six domains which early childhood teachers address. When planning for the LANGUAGE domain, teachers have a good understanding of oral language development.

A teacher wants to determine how well students APPLY instruction. Which assessment is he most likely to use? Skills assessment. Performance assessment. Readiness test. Developmental screening test.

Correct answer: Performance assessment Performance assessments are used to assess how students APPLY instruction. They are not used to assess what the students KNOW.

A teacher has tried a group activity several times that seems to NOT be working, what should she avoid doing? Presenting the activity again without modifying it in any way. Adding more information to clarify how students perform the activity. Shortening the length of the activity. Changing to another activity.

Correct answer: Presenting the activity again without modifying it in any way. Sometimes teachers implement activities that are unsuccessful. When that happens, the teacher should change, shorten, or eliminate the activity. The teacher should avoided presenting the activity again without modifying it in any way.

Which type of education best describes Froebel's theory? Scientific. Cognitive development. Progressive. Experiments.

Correct answer: Progressive Froebel advocated progressive education techniques. These are developmentally appropriate techniques. They were conflicted with more scientific approaches.

While she is planning her weekly curriculum, Patricia decides from her observations that she should build on spatial awareness with her preschool class. What is a way that she can build on spatial awareness in her curriculum? Create an underwater ocean cave theme in the Dramatic Play Center Use geometric shapes in the art center Add large and small blocks to the block area All of the above

Correct answer: Create an underwater ocean cave theme in the Dramatic Play Center When building on preschool children spatial awareness skills, it is important to allow them the opportunity to use the skill. For this reason, creating an underwater ocean cave theme is the correct answer since Patricia can arrange the dramatic play area in a way where there are different levels of play. Children will need to crawl to get into the cave, squeeze through the "coral reefs" and they will need to avoid things that are hanging from the ceiling. For all of these reasons, the children will develop their spatial awareness while they play.

Literary choices that honor different cultural traditions are typically integrated with _____. Developmentally appropriate practice. Cognitive development. Integrated. Play-based.

Correct answer: Developmentally appropriate practice The linguistics of America are diverse. There are numerous cultural values, and they influence learning. Developmentally appropriate practices should include literary choices that honor different cultures.

Objects such as eight (8) oblong blocks that children use in the classroom and are instructed on how to handle them by the teacher are known as which of the following? Occupations. Gifts. Pink tower. Binomial cube.

Correct answer: Gifts Gifts are objects that were first developed by Froebel, for children to use for help with counting, and learning shapes, sizes, and colors. Occupations is an incorrect answer choice because those materials are used for developing skills such as sewing. The remaining incorrect answers, pink tower and binomial cube are incorrect answer choices because those are Montessori-based manipulatives.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects how memory affects behavior in young children? Preschool and very young children are better able to store data and demonstrate appropriate behaviors than older children. Elementary children can remember appropriate behaviors without frequent reminders. Young children do NOT benefit from strategies adults teach them to remember appropriate behaviors. As children grow older their ability to store information increases, so they are able to "remember" appropriate behaviors more easily the older they are.

Correct answer: As children grow older their ability to store information increases, so they are able to "remember" appropriate behaviors more easily the older they are. Memory is a key factor related to cognition. Memory is also related to behavior. Research shows that as children grow older their ability to store information increases, so they are able to "remember" appropriate behaviors more easily the older they are.

A preschool teacher has one student, Timmy, who is very easily distracted during instruction and group activities. What is one teaching strategy she can use to help Timmy GRADUALLY function more independently within the class? Pair and share. Scaffolding. Independent practice. Problem solving.

Correct answer: Scaffolding Teachers who teach to small or large groups may encounter a student who is easily distracted and tends to interrupt. Effective methods for addressing the student who is of preschool age is to have the student sit near an adult. Also, scaffolding is an effective teaching strategy to help the child develop independence. Using scaffolding the teacher breaks up learning into manageable chunks, then provides a tool, or structure, with each chunk.

Why is nutrition difficult to maintain in preschool? Refusal to eat healthy food. Increased caloric need. Small appetite. Decrease caloric need.

Correct answer: Small appetite Nutrition is imperative for healthy growth and development in early childhood. Preschool age children often have little appetite, or they are distracted from eating. This makes nutrition more difficult to maintain.

What age group do Montessori schools focus on? Through age 8. Through age 5. Through age 6. None.

Correct answer: Through age 6 The first six years of life are critical according to the Montessori philosophy. This focus means that the Montessori schools are elementary schools.

What is a PRIMARY reason variety in activities and materials is important for young children? To allow the teacher to express his or her creativity. To help maintain student interest and enthusiasm. To utilize all available resources. To reinforce routines.

Correct answer: To help maintain student interest and enthusiasm Variety is one element of creating a schedule. Learning experiences occur in a range of groups and compositions. Variety is PRIMARILY used to help maintain student interest and enthusiasm. Variety also helps the teacher to address the needs of individual students.

The way and extent to which parents and teachers enforce compliance with their expectations is called: Nurturance. Empathy. Control. Modeling.

Correct answer:ControlDiscipline involves a number of factors. One of those factors relates to the way and extent to which parents and teachers enforce compliance with their expectations. This factor is also called control.

When assessing young (or older) children, what BASIC requirement should guide educators? Parental expectations. Ethical principles. Child expectations. Teacher preferences.

Correct answer:Ethical principlesTeachers should BASE all evaluations on ethical principles. Child or parent expectations and teacher preferences are not critical.

What is a general guideline regarding props used in early childhood activities? Avoid allowing too many children on the same piece of equipment at a time. Arrange a focal point where the teacher and materials will be located. Rotate props regularly. Provide open-ended and self-correcting materials.

Correct answer:Rotate props regularlyWhen teachers use props in learning centers, the props should be rotated at least once or twice a week. Children are more likely to remain engaged when props are routinely rotated or new props are presented.

The most critical time of development is _____. The first year. The first two years. The first three years. The first five years.

Correct answer:The first five yearsChildren mature exponentially both physically and cognitively their first five years. These years will affect their future development.

Bank Street Curriculum

Lucy Sprague Mitchell; applying Piaget, Erikson, Dewey, and others; Developmental Interaction Approach; emphasizes children's rich, direct interactions with a wide variety of ideas, materials, and people in their environments; philosophy is that school can simultaneously be stimulating, satisfying, and sensible; interest corners: