Exam III

In the United States, married women who worked outside the home

All these answers are correct

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and subsequent related measures

All these answers are correct

The Equal Rights Amendment

All these answers are correct

The popularity in the 1950s of suburban living in the U.S. is partly explained by

All these answers are correct

The rapid rise in the popularity of rock music was partly due to

All these answers are correct

Which of the following statements about George H. W. Bush's 1988 presidential campaign and victory is accurate?

Bush designed his campaign as a long, focused attack on his opponent.

All of the following persons are directly associated with the discovery of DNA and its properties EXCEPT

Gregor Mendel

In 1954, the Eisenhower administration ordered the CIA to help overthrow the government of

Guatemala

Which of the following is true of the assassination of President John Kennedy?

Lee Harvey Oswald was shot and killed while in police custody

Which of the following statements about Reagan's domestic policies and their effects is accurate?

NOT: He managed to maintain domestic spending cuts that equaled increases in military spending.

In the 1950s, the federal "termination" policy as applied to Native Americans sought to

NOT: enforce the tribal reservation system

In Vietnam, the American military "attrition" strategy

None of these answers is correct

All of the following researchers made important contributions to the development of antibiotics EXCEPT

Paul Muller

The United States first successfully launched a missile from a submarine in 1960, with the

Polaris

Like many early white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black traditions in

R&B

In the 1960 presidential election,

Richard Nixon was defeated in a landslide

Which of the following is true of the 1999 conflict in Kosovo?

The Serbian leader agreed to a cease-fire after little more than a week of bombing

In 1973, American Indian Movement activists occupied the old Indian battle site of Group of answer choices

Wounded Knee

In which of the following ways was the right-to-life movement most successful in its fight against abortion rights?

a constitutional amendment banning abortion

Early during the feminist movement, the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on

addressing the needs of women in the workplace

The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was in response to

alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers.

In 1996, Congress passed significant legislation that shifted most of the responsibility from the federal government to the states for

allocating welfare funds

As president, Gerald Ford angered many right-wing conservatives by

appointing Nelson Rockefeller as vice president.

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was

audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson responded to an attack on Pleiku by

bombing North Vietnam.

In his foreign policy, President Ronald Reagan

both denounced the Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT II) and honored its provisions??

During the 1950s, television networks

conveyed an idealized image of a homogeneous America in much of their programming

The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

declared that separate educational facilities were unlawful.

Following World War II, American scientists made a critical contribution to the development of penicillin by

developing methods for its mass production and commercial distribution.

In 1995, the Clinton administration and Congress

each favored reductions in federal spending but could not agree on a budget

The Immigration Act of 1965

eliminated rules that gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe.

In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned because

evidence surfaced that he had accepted bribes

Aldo Leopold's sensational 1962 book, Silent Spring, helped introduce the new science of ecology.

false

George W. Bush spent his first term governing as a moderate and trying to build coalitions across party lines.

false

In order to avoid losing public support, President Nixon informed the American people of his decision to begin bombing Cambodia before he did so.

false

The primary goal of the American Apollo program was to

land men on the moon

The Reagan Doctrine of opposing communism

led the United States to intervene in several Latin American nations, including Grenada and Nicaragua

On December 19, 1998, the House voted to impeach President Clinton for

lying to a grand jury

Throughout the late 1960s,

many people supported the New Left's position on Vietnam without supporting the New Left in general

Beginning in the late 1980s, drug use declined significantly among

middle-class Americans

In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock's best-selling Baby and Child Care contended that

mothers should stay at home with their children.

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his

religion

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court

required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights.

What has been Trump's primary foreign policy focus with respect to China?

seeking help to deal with North Korea

The 2000 presidential election was characterized by the

sensational controversy over its results.

Supporters of the 1978 Proposition 13 in California successfully

separated the issue of taxes from the issue of what the taxes supported.

In the late 1970s, members of the so-called Sagebrush Rebellion

sought the repeal or reduction of many environmental restrictions

Between 1945 and 1959, U.S. policy in the Middle East saw

the CIA engineer a coup that brought the shah of Iran to power

President Lyndon Johnson's first Cold War foreign policy test came in 1961 during a crisis in

the Dominican Republic

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter supported treaties in which the United States would give up control of

the Panama Canal

The political decline of Senator Joseph McCarthy began when he investigated

the army

In 1956, scheduled national elections for Vietnam were canceled because

the leader of the pro-Western government in South Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem, refused to hold them.

President Gerald Ford's foreign policy actions included

the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union.

Under the terms of the Geneva accords, Vietnam was

to hold elections in 1956

An important and controversial aspect of the counterculture was its more permissive view of sex and drugs.

true

By the early twenty-first century, the percentage of black high-school graduates going on to college was virtually the same as that of white high-school graduates.

true

Consumer credit cards were developed in the years following World War II.

true

During the Nixon administration, relations with communist China were greatly improved.

true

Economic growth reached its peak in the early 1950s, when military spending was at its highest.

true

George W. Bush won passage of the largest tax cut in American history.

true

Historically, there has been a strong populist tradition in the American South and West.

true

In 1974, OPEC raised the price it charged for oil by 400 percent.

true

In the election of 2008, Obama won the popular vote 53 percent to 46 percent and the electoral vote by an even larger margin.

true

Like Nixon and Ford before him, President Carter responded to economic problems with a combination of tight money and calls for voluntary restraint.

true

President Kennedy called for lowering tax rates as part of his New Frontier reform program.

true

President Ronald Reagan claimed that the U.S. SDI program could essentially make nuclear war obsolete.

true

Richard Nixon never faced criminal charges for his involvement in the Watergate scandal.

true

The Free Speech Movement was born on a college campus.

true

The Nixon administration abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity and created the Environmental Protection Agency.

true

The Supreme Court set no specific timetable for the desegregation of schools. Group of answer choices

true

The tapes of conversations in the Oval Office contained incontrovertible evidence that President Nixon was involved in the Watergate cover-up.

true

Under President Carter, unemployment declined but inflation soared.

true

Weeks after Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" in the Vietnam War, President Nixon ordered the heaviest air raids of the entire war on North Vietnam.

true

Well before September 2001, America had witnessed home-grown terrorism in the actions of militants on the American left and Timothy McVeigh on the right, among others.

true

In the early twentieth century, the vaccine that raised the most safety concerns in the United States was for the prevention of

tuberculosis

In Bakke v. Board of Regents of California (1978), the Supreme Court

upheld the principle of affirmative action, but with new restrictions.

In the 1990s and 2000s, opponents of globalization on the left charged the nation was

using its military to advance its economic interests

The correct chronological order for developments in electronic technology, from earliest to latest, is

vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

was formally organized by Martin Luther King Jr.

In the 1960s, the youth counterculture

was openly scornful of the values and conventions of American middle-class society.

In Vietnam, the American "pacification" strategy

was replaced by the more heavy-handed "relocation" strategy

The 1968 presidential election results

were extremely close

The first significant public awareness of computers in the United States was a result of computer use in the

1952 election tabulations.

Which of the following statements regarding affirmative action is FALSE?

Affirmative action guidelines required employers to adopt positive measures to recruit minorities.

In 2001, acting on the belief that it harbored Al Qaeda leadership and particularly Osama Bin Laden, NATO, led by the United States, attacked

Afghanistan

The first American to be launched into space, in 1961, was

Alan Shepard

Factors in the rise of the civil rights movement included

All of these answers are correct.

The 1968 Tet offensive

All of these answers are correct.

In 1972, two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to

All these answers are correct

In 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

All these answers are correct.

In 1980, the "Sunbelt" region of the nation

All these answers are correct.

In 1999, nearing the end of his presidency, Bill Clinton

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements about the new tension between Russia and the United States during the Obama and Trump administration is accurate?

American intelligence services concluded that Russian intelligence services interfered in the 2016 American election.

The first personal computer to be widely available to the public was introduced in 1977 by

Apple

The correct chronological order of the following events is

Bay of Pigs, Vienna summit, Berlin Wall, Cuban missile crisis.

In the late 1980s, challenges to communist rule were LEAST successful in

China

Until the early 1950s, the country the United States assisted in trying to control Vietnam was

France

Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win two terms as president since

Franklin Roosevelt.

In 1963, civil rights activist Medgar Evers was murdered the same day that

Governor George Wallace tried to prevent black students from enrolling in the University of Alabama.

In which of the following ways did Donald Trump roll back rights of gay, transgendered, and bisexual Americans that had been granted by previous administrations?

He banned transgendered men and women from serving in the U.S. military.

The microprocessor was first introduced in 1971 by

Intel

All of the following are true of the Iraq War EXCEPT that

Iraq's rumored supply of "weapons of mass destruction" was uncovered by American troops in 2005.

Which of the following is true of the 1965 civil rights march in Selma, Alabama?

It helped win passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965??

The popular "beat" novel On the Road (1957) was written by Group of answer choices

Jack Kerouac.

In 1960, the city in the United States with the largest Mexican American population was

Los Angeles

The 1964 election saw

Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any other candidate before or since

Which of the followings statements about foreign policy under President Obama is accurate?

NOT: Declining turmoil in the Middle East granted Obama a general reprieve from having to deal with the region

President Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court

NOT: both included the first nomination of a female justice, and were twice rejected by the Senate

The 1965 Medicare program

NOT: was broadly unpopular in the form in which it was enacted or the other program one

In the late 1970s, the "Christian right"

NOT: was losing ground was a political force

Before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States had never experienced

None of these answers is correct.

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

None of these answers is correct.

In 2002, President George W. Bush described an "axis of evil" made up of Iraq, Iran, and

North Korea

The 1996 presidential election saw

President Clinton find his greatest campaign strength in a strong economy.

As a result of the 1994 elections,

Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress.

In the 1976 presidential election,

Ronald Reagan mounted a powerful challenge against President Ford.

In January 1966, highly publicized hearings airing criticisms of the war were staged by

Senator J. William Fulbright.

Martin Luther King Jr. founded and was the thirteen-year leader of the

Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

George Kennan stated the "most disastrous" undertaking in the United States' history involved

Vietnam

The largest public works project in the history of the nation to that point, accomplished under President Dwight Eisenhower's administration, involved

a federal highway system.

The 1969 Woodstock music festival was

a powerful symbol of the link between rock music and the counterculture.

During the 1950s, the American environmental preservation movement was re-mobilized by

a proposed dam on the Green River in Echo Park, Utah.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter appealed to voters by emphasizing

all these answers are correct

Between 1960 and 1970, the Latino population of the United States

almost tripled.

Ecology rests primarily on the assumption that nature should be preserved

because all elements of the natural world are interrelated in a very delicate way.

In the 1980 presidential election, Ronald Reagan

both won slightly more than half of the popular vote, and captured an overwhelming majority of electoral votes???

Legislation to prohibit segregation in all public accommodations was proposed

by Kennedy and approved during the Johnson administration.

In the 1960s, the philosophy of "black power"

called for an increased awareness of racial distinctiveness.

President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972

came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations.

Regarding scandals surrounding President Bill Clinton,

charges of impropriety had existed throughout his time in office.

In the early 1960s, the SNCC was formed primarily by

college students.

By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to

destroy military bases in Cambodia and Laos.

Early in his presidency, Jimmy Carter gave priority attention to

energy and the economy.

By the late 1950s, the Remington Rand Company was the largest American maker of business computers.

false

Donald Trump's announcement of the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Accord led other signatories to end their efforts to reduce global warming.

false

George Bush's "mission accomplished" speech aboard an American aircraft carrier marked the end of major U.S. military personnel losses in Iraq.

false

In the 1960 presidential election, Richard Nixon lost the popular vote by a wide margin.

false

John Glenn was the first American launched into space.

false

Martin Luther King Jr. confined his civil rights campaigns to the Deep South.

false

Ngo Dinh Diem was a Buddhist who had turned against his fellow Buddhists in order to fight the communists in Vietnam.

false

One of Obama's few notable legislative successes was creating a path to U.S. citizenship for illegal immigrants already in the country.

false

President Carter responded to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan by declaring the Carter Doctrine.

false

President Johnson based his proposals for federal aid to education on the needs of the schools themselves rather than on the needs of their students.

false

President Johnson supported civil rights legislation but opposed affirmative action.

false

Public support for the Iraq War remained steady in the years after the initial March 2003 invasion.

false

The 1988 election results gave the Republican Party control of the presidency and both houses of Congress.

false

The AIDS epidemic weakened the gay rights movement in the early 1980s.

false

The American public came to regard Gerald Ford as being as untrustworthy as Richard Nixon.

false

The Vienna summit meeting represented an attempt by President Kennedy to convince Moscow to stop construction of the Berlin Wall.

false

The activists involved in Occupy Wall Street developed their concerns into a broad-based popular movement.

false

The decline of big business farming led to a significant growth in sharecropping and tenant farming in the 1960s.

false

The first American space satellite went into orbit shortly before the Soviet Union achieved the same feat.

false

The first large-scale use of the pesticide DDT was to improve American crop production.

false

The number of women working outside the home declined between 1945 and 1960.

false

While radio made an enormous contribution to the popularity of rock music in the 1950s, television tended to limit its appeal.

false

In 1961, the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to

force the desegregation of bus stations.

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v. Georgia (1972)

forced states to rewrite their existing capital punishment statutes

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

gave President Lyndon Johnson wide latitude to escalate the conflict.

In 1979, President Jimmy Carter

gave a national address in which he gave a very pessimistic assessment of the national condition and will.

The weakening of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s was encouraged by the Soviet policy of

glasnost and perestroika.

In 1969, President Richard Nixon believed an American withdrawal from Vietnam would

harm America's "credibility."

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.

After the Gulf War, President George H. W. Bush's high popularity quickly faded because of his

inability to contain a worsening recession.

In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by

increasing taxes while agreeing to large funding reductions in Great Society programs.

The Johnson administration

inherited a substantial American commitment to maintain South Vietnam

Regarding his view of Mikhail Gorbachev, President Ronald Reagan was

initially skeptical, but gradually concluded that Gorbachev was a sincere reformer.

The Soviet Union's capture of an American U-2 spy plane

led Soviet Premier Khrushchev to withdraw his invitation to Eisenhower to visit Moscow.

Rural America

lost nearly 10 percent of its population in 1956 alone.

During the 1950s, the general economic conditions of the United States included

low unemployment

As part of his economic agenda, President Dwight D. Eisenhower

lowered federal support for farm prices.

In the late 1980s, the spread of AIDS in the United States

occurred most rapidly among heterosexuals

The Watergate scandal began in 1972 with a break-in at the

offices of the Democratic National Committee

In their first year in office, the Bush administration

passed the largest tax cut in American history.

Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on problems concerning

pesticides

In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the prevention of

polio

Students for a Democratic Society was formed

primarily by college students from prestigious universities.

In 1972, Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand"

right before the American presidential election.

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court

ruled that all felony defendants were entitled to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union

saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war.

All the following statements regarding the use of DDT are true EXCEPT that

scientists during WWII knew that the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.

In foreign affairs, President George H. W. Bush

signed expansive reduction agreements with the Soviet Union.

The Warren Commission investigation of the assassination of President John Kennedy concluded

that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy.

In his farewell address to the nation, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the dangers of

the "military-industrial complex."

All of the following statements regarding the Gulf War of 1991 are true EXCEPT that

the Allied ground offensive focused on dislodging Iraqi forces dug-in along the Kuwait border.

After a difficult battle, Clinton won approval of the North American Free Trade Agreement (or NAFTA), which eliminated most trade barriers among

the United States, Canada, and Mexico

In 1979, Iranians who took American hostages demanded, in return for their release,

the United States; return of the shah of Iran

All of the following statements regarding early television are true EXCEPT that

the federal government largely kept big business sponsorship out of television advertising

The various and diverse critics of globalization in the West found the most common cause in opposing

the multinational institutions that monitored and advanced the global economy.

In 1957, the effort to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, required

the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.

In 1974, former President Richard Nixon was pardoned by

the president

The most serious domestic problem facing the Bush administration was

the recession of 1990-1992

The "Saturday night massacre" refers to an event that included

the resignation of two key Nixon administration officials.

In 1964, a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over

the rights of students to engage in political activities on campus.

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency

through resignation.

Which of the following was among Donald Trump's campaign promises during the 2016 presidential election?

to lower corporate taxes

At the time that Iranian radicals seized the American embassy in Tehran, the shah of Iran was in the United States.

true

In the election of 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that the Florida Supreme Court's order for a recount was unconstitutional, a decision which granted victory to Bush.

true

Ngo Dinh Diem and John F. Kennedy were both assassinated in November of 1963.

true

The 1996 welfare reform bill ended a fifty-year federal guarantee of assistance to families with dependent children.

true

The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated much of the "national origins" system of the 1920s.

true

The Iran-Contra scandal did serious damage to Reagan's presidency.

true

The United States did not participate in the 1980 summer Olympics in Moscow.

true

The popularity of rock musicians such as Elvis Presley was partly due to the limited willingness of white audiences at the time to accept black musicians.

true

The so-called Pentagon Papers revealed the government had misled the public in explaining its motives for American involvement in Vietnam.

true

The year 1981 marked the first documentation of the AIDS virus.

true

Under President Carter, the United States and the People's Republic of China resumed full diplomatic relations.

true

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

was amended for the benefit of women

During President Ronald Reagan's first term, the course of the American economy

went through a severe recession that gave way to a strong recovery.

In 1968, during the Democratic convention in Chicago, antiwar protesters

were attacked by police in a bloody riot in the streets of Chicago.

The 2000 election results were decided

when the Supreme Court ended all efforts to recount the votes in Florida.

In 1983, the Reagan administration responded to a terrorist bombing of American military barracks in Beirut by

withdrawing the remaining marines