Exam III - Nervous

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system?

Autonomic

The region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements is the?

Cerebellum

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

Repolarization

Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron?

Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential.

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases?

Alzheimer's disease

Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

Chemically gated channels for sodium open.

Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

When a person changes from one level of sleep to another during the night, neuronal activity in which one of the following brain regions increases?

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?

Sodium-potassium pump

Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one?

Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump.

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next?

Arachnoid

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they?

Are located in the central nervous system

Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?

Brain

The central nervous system is composed of which of the following?

Brain & spinal cord

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends.

Bulbs

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following?

Cerebral cortex

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?

Corpus callosum

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the?

Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter functions as an inhibitory agent, typically suppressing the sensation of pain?

Endorphins

All cells that make up the nervous system have excitable membranes.

False

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons.

False

Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.

False

The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.

False

The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system.

False

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the?

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?

Hindbrain

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Increased blood pressure

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?

Interneurons

Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the?

Medulla oblongata

Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?

Motor neurons

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are?

Neuroglial cells

Preganglionic motor neurons of the ________ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord?

Parasympathetic

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?

Parasympathetic division

Which one of the following diseases is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by destruction of dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain that coordinate muscle movement?

Parkinson's disease

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?

Rabies

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

Sensory division

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the?

Sensory nerves

Both voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle movement are controlled through which one of the following divisions of the nervous system?

Somatic division

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following?

Stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one?

The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission.

Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period?

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

Saltatory conduction is?

The process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons

A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his mother. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system.

True

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.

True

The absolute refractory period characteristic of neurons is important in ensuring that action potentials travel in only one direction.

True

The reticular formation is associated with?

Wakefulness, posture, and muscle tone

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with emotions and behavior?

Hypothalamus

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential?

Resting