Exam IV

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

2

Figure C: In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries, which number indicates the left internal carotid artery?

2

Figure A shows the pituitary gland. Which numbers indicate structures that belong to the anterior pituitary?

2, 3, 4

Figure C: In this figure showing an anterior view of the heart, the left atrium is noted by number ________.

4

Figure D: This figure shows the lymphatic system. Which number indicates the inguinal lymph nodes?

4

How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

4

Plasma makes up about _______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood

55

Figure A shows the pituitary gland. Which number indicates the infundibulum?

8

The life span of an erythrocyte is about ______ days.

120

The anterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes _____ different hormones, while the posterior pituitary stores and secretes only _____ different hormones.

7;2

Figure D: In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity, what veins are indicated by number 4?

Anterior tibial veins

Pectinate muscles are found on the

Anterior wall of the right and left atria

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

Basophil

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right ventricle

The "master control center" of the endocrine system is the

Hypothalamus

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

Increase the viscosity of the blood

The composition of lymph is most similar to

Interstitial fluid

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin

With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

Neutrophils

The heart valves

Permit the passage of blood in one direction

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Pulmonary circuit

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of _______ in the blood.

Red blood cells

Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?

Subclavian artery-axillary artery-brachial artery-ulnar artery

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Systemic circuit

The primary androgen released by the testes is

Testosterone

Simply put, antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens

True

The pancreas has both endocrine functions

True

The epicardium is another name for the

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Which endocrine gland is paired (meaning that there are two in the body)?

Adrenal

An individual's hematocrit is dependent on his or her

All of the choices are correct

Endocrine glands

All of the choices are correct

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles will result in ________ in blood pressure

An increase

Which structure marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta?

Arortic semilunar valve

Which is not a type of lymphatic cell?

Astrocyte

Which hormone stimulates processes that decrease the concentration of calcium ions in the blood?

Calcitonin

Which of these hormone pairs have antagonistic (opposite) effects?

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ________ and the tissues of the body.

Capillaries

Lymph is transported through a network if increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter?

Capillaries-vessels-trunks-ducts

Valves in veins

Cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

Cervical lymph node

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

Chordae tendineae

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

Coronary sulcus

The primary goal of the immune response is

Destruction of inactivation of pathogens and foreign material

The largest arteries of the body are classified as

Elastic arteries

Which type of leukocyte increases in number because of the presence of an allergen?

Eosinophil

Figure B: In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, number 2 indicates

Erythrocytes

The thymus gland grows rapidly during puberty, reaching its maximum size when a person is about 21 years of age.

False

When is the thymus gland most active?

From childhood to puberty

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins

Get larger

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries

Get smaller

The vein that drains immediately into the femoral vein is the ________ vein

Great saphenous

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

Hemopoiesis

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?

Insulin

The cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers are called

Intercalated discs

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall if a blood vessel

Is called the blood pressure

Where are the target cells for antidiuretic hormone?

Kidney tubules and smooth muscle of arteriole walls

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes

Lack a nucleus and organelles

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n)

Lacteal

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

Left upper quadrant

Figure B: In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated, what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3?

Leukocytes and platelets

T-cells are a category of

Lymphocytes

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Myocardium

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by

Negative feedback

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

Ovaries and testes

Which are not tonsils?

Palatoglossal tonsils

In addition to secreting hormones, the pancreas also produces

Pancreatic Juice

What is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Prepare the body for emergency situations and prolong fight-or-flight response

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

Protection

Where do B-lympocytes develop immunocompetence?

Red bone marrow

Figure C: In this figure showing an anterior view how the heart, number 7 depicts the

Right atrioventricular valve

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

Right atrium and right ventricle

The right border of the heart is supplied by the

Right marginal artery

Which is not drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Right side of abdomen

Which of the following situations is most likely to result in stimulation of the adrenal medulla by the hypothalamus?

Running from a bear

Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?

Spleen

Hormones secreted by the thymus gland influence the differentiation, growth, and maturation of

T-lymphocytes

The function of the coronary sinus is to

Take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium

A clot that forms in an unbroken blood vessel is a(n)

Thrombus

Where do T-lympocytes develop immunocompetence?

Thymus gland

Blood is correctly classified as a(n)

Tissue

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

Transportation

Macrophages are converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria, cell fragments, dead cells, and debris.

True

The contraction of skeletal muscle plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins.

True

The left ventricle has a wall that is typically three times thicker than the right ventricular wall.

True

The _______ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

Tunica Media

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and subendthelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tisse.

Tunica intima

Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble

Veins

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Ventricles

One example of the cardiac arrhythmia is ________, in which a rapid, repetitious movement of the ventricular muscle replaces normal contractions.

Ventricular fibrillation

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?

a, b, e

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?

a, d, e

Which are components of the lymphatic system?

b, c, d, e, f

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?

b, c, e

The sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart uscle is

c, d, a, b, f, g, e

The popliteal artery supplies the

knee joint

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the ______ and ______ arteries;

radial; ulnar

Regions of MALT called peyer patchers are found in the

small intestine