Exam Questions + Answers

When an individual is at the peak level of crisis, which of the following actions is best?

Isolate the individual by removing others from the area, calling for help, and monitoring safety

What is the content used to build DTI programs based on?

It is based on the individual needs of the learner

Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement?

It increases a behavior

What does it mean if a client performs a skill fluently?

It means they can perform it with accuracy and speed

Which of the following is a response class hierarchy related to a crisis escalation cycle?

Joe paces, screams, slaps his face, and throws furniture when he cannot watch television

What do initial skill acquisition plans focus on for early learners?

Joining attention with others, imitating, and following directions

What do prompting procedures written on a skill acquisition program help an RBT to do?

Know how to prompt and how to fade prompts

When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone

Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill

True or False: A compliance trial is used so the client can follow a simple direction and quickly get a reinforcer

True

True or False: Independent responses should be reinforced with more valuable reinforcers than prompted ones.

True

True or False: Young children exposed to adverse experiences negatively impacts their learning

True

When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?

Modeling the action with the object

The components of the 4-term contingency include

Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals?

Natural environment teaching

A client's mother offers you a cup of coffee after your session. If you accept it, are you violating the RBT Ethics Code?

No, because it does not have a value of over $10

Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior

Which action violates a client's right to confidentiality?

Posting photos of your clients on social media

What type of intervention is discrete trial instruction?

Practitioner led

How can consistency and routine help to increase the display of a desired behavior?

Predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important

Fixed ratio schedules

Produce high and steady rates of behavior

What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session?

Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of errorless learning?

Prompts are delivered before the client responds

How can you best help prevent crises from happening during skill acquisition?

Provide frequent reinforcers

Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement

Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement

The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that

Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed

Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session?

Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers

Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as

Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals

Behavior intervention plans that work

Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior

Interobserver agreement (IOA)

When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior

Why is elopement sometimes a crisis?

Because it can involve leaving a safe environment to go to an uncertain one

Which of the following is an example of a defective mand?

Crying when wanting a drink

Which of the following is another term for discriminative stimulus?

Cue

Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to

Establish new behaviors

Which of the following is an example of a mand?

"May I have an espresso, please?"

Who may conduct the competency assessment?

A behavioral health professional with BCBA supervision

Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?

A client hands a card to the instructor

Which of the following is included in a functional assessment plan?

A definition of the behaviors of concern

Why is session momentum important?

A fast pace will allow more SDs to be delivered creating more opportunities to respond

Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus?

A phone ringing and someone hearing it and then answering it

What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer?

A primary reinforcer is one that an individual does not have to learn to value

What is a consequence in discrete trial instruction?

A reinforcer or a prompt

Replacement behaviors are

Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors

Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs. discrete trials?

Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

After a client masters color identification with colored cards, colored toys are used

Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered

After a specified amount of time has elapsed

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class

Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?

Applied

Being punctual means

Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare

When should pairing yourself as a reinforcer occur?

As often as necessary to keep the learner engaged

When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?

Ask for training and supervision on the skill

Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor?

Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback

Why is it unacceptable to call yourself an RBT if you are waiting to take the exam?

Because you are falsifying your credentials

When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?

Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)

Which of the following statements is true?

Behavior is neutral

John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?

Behaviorism

Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior?

Being in a quiet environment

Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment?

Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?"

How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?

By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior

What does contracting for reinforcement allow a learner to do?

Choose from a small group of reinforcers to access after correct responding

Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?

Consequence strategies

What is one strategy that can be used to teach learners to initiate joint attention?

Create an unusual or odd circumstance to which the person is likely to have a reaction

Why are behavioral crises a problem for everyone involved?

Crises are challenging to manage and can be dangerous

What is the biggest difference between DTI and naturalistic techniques?

DTI is highly structured and naturalistic techniques are more loosely structured

Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective?

Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency

Verbal operants are?

Different purposes of verbal behavior

Which of the following statements is true regarding dressing for the job?

Dress for the environment and follow company dress codes

When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?

During the intertrial interval

Which program did Lovaas develop based on discrete trial intervention?

Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention or EIBI

The purpose of using a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is to

Eliminate the predictability of reinforcement

The 2 main functions of behavior are

Escape and gain

Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are

Escape and gain

What are the 2 main functions of behavior?

Escape and gain

Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?

Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group

True or False: An RBT can be the employer of their supervisor

False

True or False: The best way to deliver a direction, or discriminative stimulus, is to use a lot of language

False

True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention?

False

You can avoid a notice of alleged violation if you

Follow the RBT Ethical Code

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Food

Example of motivating operation

Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Giving someone a compliment for doing good work

Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who

Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus

What factors make it more likely for a person to have a behavioral crisis?

Having a mental health condition

When using discrete trials to teach beginning mands, you should

Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts

Which of the following is an explanation of the "Dead Man's Test"?

If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior

How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?

If the learner approaches you and the session easily

Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?

Imitating facial expressions

Vocal imitation targets should start out as

Imitating one syllable words

Which of the following kinds of imitation is associated with successful play with peers?

Imitating other children's actions

How can you help to maintain client dignity during a crisis?

Implement the behavior reduction plan and try to prevent it from escalating

Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?

Incidental teaching

Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to

Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next

Which of the following activities might occur during the intertrial interval?

Instructor marks a data collection sheet

Difficulties in joint attention lead to problems in

Language development, vocabulary development, and social skills development

Fixed ratio schedules are best used for

Learning a new behavior

Which of the following people can provide supervision to Jeff, an RBT?

Maggie, who is a BCaBA and works with Jeff's clients

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to

Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule

Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?

Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand

Which of the following naturalistic approaches combines other naturalistic techniques to form an intervention strategy?

Milieu teaching

When delivering a naturalistic intervention in public, it is important to

Minimize attention drawn to prompting or redirection

Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?

Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown

As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to

Model the sound

Which of the following is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?

Not following the point of another person

What is a person at the agitated stage of crisis most likely to do?

Pace and yell

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?

Pivotal Response Treatment

Which of the following can be done to try to elicit a request (mand) from a child?

Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it

Consequence strategy example

Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block a hit

How is pointing related to joint attention?

Pointing at an object is an effort to get another to attend to it

Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?

Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th

What can be said about reinforcement used in discrete trial instruction?

Reinforcers used in discrete trial instruction are often unrelated to teaching activities

Which of the following is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)?

Reinforcers work better when they are in effect

Undesirable behavior can be reduced by

Reinforcing alternative behaviors, using extinction, or punishment

Consequence interventions involve

Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing the display of undesirable behavior

Behavioral shaping involves

Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior

Stimulus-stimulus pairing is

Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one

Which of the following is most ethical when you do not know how to intervene during a client's crisis?

Request training from your supervisor

Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"?

Responding to multiple cues in the environment

Which of the situations would the most breaks be needed during a discrete trial session?

Ryan has many behavior issues. His sessions last for 4 to 6 hours

Which of the following is an example of an echoic?

Say "juice." "Juice."

Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal?

Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"

Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?

Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card

A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention?

Script fading

A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduced. This is an example of

Script fading

What is another term for DTI programs?

Skill acquisition plan

Which of the following is the best way to thin reinforcement?

Slowly and gradually

When teaching learners to begin to use 2-word mands, why is it important that both words are critical to the mand?

So the listener will clearly understand the mand and can act accordingly

What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching?

So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker

Why is being prepared for a DTI session important?

So you can focus on the time you have with the client by having materials ready and knowing what is on the program beforehand

Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with

Stereotypic behaviors

Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?

Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked

Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include

Teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions

What part of a behavior reduction plan addresses teaching new behaviors that serve the same purpose as the behavior that needs reducing?

Teaching replacement behaviors

Which of the following behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

The amount of time spent on a task

What is ratio strain?

The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly

In discrete trials, what are client responses based on?

The instructions or SDs delivered by the RBT

When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?

The items to be requested

Why is saying "What do you want?" a bad idea during initial mand training?

The learner can become dependent on the phrase to produce mands

How would you know a skill was generalized?

The learner uses the skill taught in DTI in response to naturally occurring SDs

Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again?

The reinforcer

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcing after

The secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers

What is likely to happen if a child receives a reinforcer for following an instruction?

They will be more likely to follow the instruction again

Which of the following is the most objective statement regarding a tantrum displayed by an individual receiving services?

This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan

What is the purpose of a prompt?

To get a client to provide a correct response

Why should discrete trials be delivered rather quickly?

To keep the momentum of the session going

Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?

To maintain previously acquired behaviors

What is the best way to prevent ratio strain?

To thin reinforcement gradually

If a learner's speech is too monotone or sing-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this?

Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch

Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches

Vary according to child responses

Which of the following replacement behaviors might be functionally equivalent to the undesirable behavior of screaming a demand?

Verbalizing what is wanted

Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?

Visual task analysis

Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?

Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene

Which of the following is an example of gaze following?

Watching a race car as it zooms around a track

Antecedents are

What happens before a behavior occurs

Which of the following is true about reinforcement?

What one individual finds reinforcing may not be true for others

Behavioral function

Why the behavior is happening

How can performing discrete trials be demonstrated on the initial competency assessment?

With a client or role play

Which of the following should you report to the BACB?

You got arrested last weekend