Exam Questions + Answers
When an individual is at the peak level of crisis, which of the following actions is best?
Isolate the individual by removing others from the area, calling for help, and monitoring safety
What is the content used to build DTI programs based on?
It is based on the individual needs of the learner
Which of the following statements is true about reinforcement?
It increases a behavior
What does it mean if a client performs a skill fluently?
It means they can perform it with accuracy and speed
Which of the following is a response class hierarchy related to a crisis escalation cycle?
Joe paces, screams, slaps his face, and throws furniture when he cannot watch television
What do initial skill acquisition plans focus on for early learners?
Joining attention with others, imitating, and following directions
What do prompting procedures written on a skill acquisition program help an RBT to do?
Know how to prompt and how to fade prompts
When multiple people are involved in the delivery of a naturalistic intervention, it is important that everyone
Knows what skills are to be addressed and the strategies used to teach the skill
True or False: A compliance trial is used so the client can follow a simple direction and quickly get a reinforcer
True
True or False: Independent responses should be reinforced with more valuable reinforcers than prompted ones.
True
True or False: Young children exposed to adverse experiences negatively impacts their learning
True
When providing a discrete trial to teach motor actions with objects, which of the following is the most critical aspect?
Modeling the action with the object
The components of the 4-term contingency include
Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as mands, tacts, and intraverbals?
Natural environment teaching
A client's mother offers you a cup of coffee after your session. If you accept it, are you violating the RBT Ethics Code?
No, because it does not have a value of over $10
Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement involves giving something to increase a behavior and negative reinforcement involves taking something away in order to increase behavior
Which action violates a client's right to confidentiality?
Posting photos of your clients on social media
What type of intervention is discrete trial instruction?
Practitioner led
How can consistency and routine help to increase the display of a desired behavior?
Predictability that goes along with consistency and routine helps learners focus on what is important
Fixed ratio schedules
Produce high and steady rates of behavior
What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session?
Prompt levels needed to elicit the target behavior
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of errorless learning?
Prompts are delivered before the client responds
How can you best help prevent crises from happening during skill acquisition?
Provide frequent reinforcers
Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement
Provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement
The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that
Punishment is a last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed
Which of the following should you do in order to prepare for a session?
Read the skill acquisition plan and previous data, and gather materials and reinforcers
Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as
Receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals
Behavior intervention plans that work
Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior
Interobserver agreement (IOA)
When 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior
Why is elopement sometimes a crisis?
Because it can involve leaving a safe environment to go to an uncertain one
Which of the following is an example of a defective mand?
Crying when wanting a drink
Which of the following is another term for discriminative stimulus?
Cue
Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to
Establish new behaviors
Which of the following is an example of a mand?
"May I have an espresso, please?"
Who may conduct the competency assessment?
A behavioral health professional with BCBA supervision
Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?
A client hands a card to the instructor
Which of the following is included in a functional assessment plan?
A definition of the behaviors of concern
Why is session momentum important?
A fast pace will allow more SDs to be delivered creating more opportunities to respond
Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring discriminative stimulus?
A phone ringing and someone hearing it and then answering it
What is the difference between a primary and secondary reinforcer?
A primary reinforcer is one that an individual does not have to learn to value
What is a consequence in discrete trial instruction?
A reinforcer or a prompt
Replacement behaviors are
Acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors
Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs. discrete trials?
Activities or routines used to elicit target behaviors
Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?
After a client masters color identification with colored cards, colored toys are used
Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered
After a specified amount of time has elapsed
Which of the following is an example of punishment?
After a student got scolded in the hallway for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class
Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?
Applied
Being punctual means
Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare
When should pairing yourself as a reinforcer occur?
As often as necessary to keep the learner engaged
When an RBT does not know how to perform an intervention or strategy, which of the following is the best course of action?
Ask for training and supervision on the skill
Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor?
Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback
Why is it unacceptable to call yourself an RBT if you are waiting to take the exam?
Because you are falsifying your credentials
When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?
Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimuli (SD)
Which of the following statements is true?
Behavior is neutral
John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?
Behaviorism
Which of the following is an antecedent variable that could play a role in the display of a behavior?
Being in a quiet environment
Which of the following is an example of teaching an intraverbal target in the natural environment?
Being on a playground and asking "Where do you build sand castles?"
How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?
By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior
What does contracting for reinforcement allow a learner to do?
Choose from a small group of reinforcers to access after correct responding
Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?
Consequence strategies
What is one strategy that can be used to teach learners to initiate joint attention?
Create an unusual or odd circumstance to which the person is likely to have a reaction
Why are behavioral crises a problem for everyone involved?
Crises are challenging to manage and can be dangerous
What is the biggest difference between DTI and naturalistic techniques?
DTI is highly structured and naturalistic techniques are more loosely structured
Which of the following makes reinforcement more effective?
Deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency
Verbal operants are?
Different purposes of verbal behavior
Which of the following statements is true regarding dressing for the job?
Dress for the environment and follow company dress codes
When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?
During the intertrial interval
Which program did Lovaas develop based on discrete trial intervention?
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention or EIBI
The purpose of using a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is to
Eliminate the predictability of reinforcement
The 2 main functions of behavior are
Escape and gain
Two main reasons why individuals engage in a particular behavior are
Escape and gain
What are the 2 main functions of behavior?
Escape and gain
Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?
Establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group
True or False: An RBT can be the employer of their supervisor
False
True or False: The best way to deliver a direction, or discriminative stimulus, is to use a lot of language
False
True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention?
False
You can avoid a notice of alleged violation if you
Follow the RBT Ethical Code
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
Food
Example of motivating operation
Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving someone a compliment for doing good work
Joint attention skills should be targeted for increase for those individuals who
Have difficulty responding to cues made by another to attend to a stimulus
What factors make it more likely for a person to have a behavioral crisis?
Having a mental health condition
When using discrete trials to teach beginning mands, you should
Hold the reinforcer in sight and use echoic prompts
Which of the following is an explanation of the "Dead Man's Test"?
If a dead man cannot do it, then it is a behavior
How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?
If the learner approaches you and the session easily
Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?
Imitating facial expressions
Vocal imitation targets should start out as
Imitating one syllable words
Which of the following kinds of imitation is associated with successful play with peers?
Imitating other children's actions
How can you help to maintain client dignity during a crisis?
Implement the behavior reduction plan and try to prevent it from escalating
Which of the following is considered a naturalistic teaching strategy?
Incidental teaching
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior is used to
Increase the amount of time between the display of one behavior to the next
Which of the following activities might occur during the intertrial interval?
Instructor marks a data collection sheet
Difficulties in joint attention lead to problems in
Language development, vocabulary development, and social skills development
Fixed ratio schedules are best used for
Learning a new behavior
Which of the following people can provide supervision to Jeff, an RBT?
Maggie, who is a BCaBA and works with Jeff's clients
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to
Maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule
Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?
Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand
Which of the following naturalistic approaches combines other naturalistic techniques to form an intervention strategy?
Milieu teaching
When delivering a naturalistic intervention in public, it is important to
Minimize attention drawn to prompting or redirection
Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?
Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown
As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to
Model the sound
Which of the following is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?
Not following the point of another person
What is a person at the agitated stage of crisis most likely to do?
Pace and yell
Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?
Pivotal Response Treatment
Which of the following can be done to try to elicit a request (mand) from a child?
Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it
Consequence strategy example
Placing a soft object near a person's fist to block a hit
How is pointing related to joint attention?
Pointing at an object is an effort to get another to attend to it
Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th
What can be said about reinforcement used in discrete trial instruction?
Reinforcers used in discrete trial instruction are often unrelated to teaching activities
Which of the following is true about concept of motivating operations (MO)?
Reinforcers work better when they are in effect
Undesirable behavior can be reduced by
Reinforcing alternative behaviors, using extinction, or punishment
Consequence interventions involve
Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing the display of undesirable behavior
Behavioral shaping involves
Reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior
Stimulus-stimulus pairing is
Repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one
Which of the following is most ethical when you do not know how to intervene during a client's crisis?
Request training from your supervisor
Which of the following is a pivotal skill that helps individuals "learn to learn"?
Responding to multiple cues in the environment
Which of the situations would the most breaks be needed during a discrete trial session?
Ryan has many behavior issues. His sessions last for 4 to 6 hours
Which of the following is an example of an echoic?
Say "juice." "Juice."
Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal?
Saying "I like chocolate. What do you like?"
Which of the following is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?
Saying "Match blue" and receiving a blue card
A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention?
Script fading
A behavior technician provides a card written cue for what to say when ordering lunch at a restaurant. As the individual ordering at the restaurant is able to order more independently, the words on the card are reduced. This is an example of
Script fading
What is another term for DTI programs?
Skill acquisition plan
Which of the following is the best way to thin reinforcement?
Slowly and gradually
When teaching learners to begin to use 2-word mands, why is it important that both words are critical to the mand?
So the listener will clearly understand the mand and can act accordingly
What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching?
So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker
Why is being prepared for a DTI session important?
So you can focus on the time you have with the client by having materials ready and knowing what is on the program beforehand
Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with
Stereotypic behaviors
Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?
Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked
Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include
Teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions
What part of a behavior reduction plan addresses teaching new behaviors that serve the same purpose as the behavior that needs reducing?
Teaching replacement behaviors
Which of the following behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?
The amount of time spent on a task
What is ratio strain?
The disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly
In discrete trials, what are client responses based on?
The instructions or SDs delivered by the RBT
When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?
The items to be requested
Why is saying "What do you want?" a bad idea during initial mand training?
The learner can become dependent on the phrase to produce mands
How would you know a skill was generalized?
The learner uses the skill taught in DTI in response to naturally occurring SDs
Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again?
The reinforcer
Secondary reinforcers become reinforcing after
The secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers
What is likely to happen if a child receives a reinforcer for following an instruction?
They will be more likely to follow the instruction again
Which of the following is the most objective statement regarding a tantrum displayed by an individual receiving services?
This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan
What is the purpose of a prompt?
To get a client to provide a correct response
Why should discrete trials be delivered rather quickly?
To keep the momentum of the session going
Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?
To maintain previously acquired behaviors
What is the best way to prevent ratio strain?
To thin reinforcement gradually
If a learner's speech is too monotone or sing-songy, what approach can be used to help correct this?
Use echoics to teach proper inflection and pitch
Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches
Vary according to child responses
Which of the following replacement behaviors might be functionally equivalent to the undesirable behavior of screaming a demand?
Verbalizing what is wanted
Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?
Visual task analysis
Which of the following is the best way to determine how to follow the child's lead during a naturalistic teaching session?
Watch the child and look for an opportunity to intervene
Which of the following is an example of gaze following?
Watching a race car as it zooms around a track
Antecedents are
What happens before a behavior occurs
Which of the following is true about reinforcement?
What one individual finds reinforcing may not be true for others
Behavioral function
Why the behavior is happening
How can performing discrete trials be demonstrated on the initial competency assessment?
With a client or role play
Which of the following should you report to the BACB?
You got arrested last weekend