Protein Synthesis

tRNA has codons or anti-codons?

anti-codons

mRNA has codons or anti-codons?

codons

Translation

decoding of a mRNA message into tRNA, and finally a polypeptide chain which folds into proteins. Occurs in a ribosome (which is an organelle).

Anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.

Transcription

mRNA is made from DNA. Occurs inside the nucleus.

What can affect enzyme activity?

pH and temperature causes an enzyme to denature

Amino acids are linked by...

peptide bonds

Enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up a chemical reaction)

RNA contains

ribose and uracil

Catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

There are how many amino acids?

20

Substrate

A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.

What is the base sequence for the mRNA "start codon"?

AUG

Types of proteins

Enzymes, transporters, movers, supporters, regulators, communicators, defenders

protein synthesis

Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA.

All proteins begin with this amino acid

Methionine

Why is protein synthesis important?

Without proteins there would be no life. Protein makes up the structure of a cell and also the enzymes which allow for chemical reactions to happen.

Translation ends when...

the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA.

Active site

the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.

All codons are how long?

three bases

Codon

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.