Protein Synthesis
tRNA has codons or anti-codons?
anti-codons
mRNA has codons or anti-codons?
codons
Translation
decoding of a mRNA message into tRNA, and finally a polypeptide chain which folds into proteins. Occurs in a ribosome (which is an organelle).
Anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.
Transcription
mRNA is made from DNA. Occurs inside the nucleus.
What can affect enzyme activity?
pH and temperature causes an enzyme to denature
Amino acids are linked by...
peptide bonds
Enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up a chemical reaction)
RNA contains
ribose and uracil
Catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
There are how many amino acids?
20
Substrate
A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.
What is the base sequence for the mRNA "start codon"?
AUG
Types of proteins
Enzymes, transporters, movers, supporters, regulators, communicators, defenders
protein synthesis
Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA.
All proteins begin with this amino acid
Methionine
Why is protein synthesis important?
Without proteins there would be no life. Protein makes up the structure of a cell and also the enzymes which allow for chemical reactions to happen.
Translation ends when...
the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA.
Active site
the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
All codons are how long?
three bases
Codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
