Exam: Quiz 3
Nadia has been depressed for several months. She is considering cognitive therapy. What advice would you give her?
"Cognitive therapy is much less effective than interpersonal therapy and takes much longer, too." > > "Many studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive therapy and it seems to prevent relapse." "Drug treatment is much more effective than cognitive therapy and has less likelihood of relapse." "The only way that cognitive therapy is of any value is if it is coupled with family therapy."
Knowing what we know about the neurotransmitter imbalances in bipolar disorder, a physician should give what piece of advice?
"Don't take drugs that increase dopamine levels because they can produce manic-like behavior
What is a type of attribution that is most likely to cause depression?
"I am never going to make it through the course because i am stupid and i just can't learn the material"
What reaction to poor test performance suggests a cognitive diathesis for depression?
"I'll never understand this"
Nadia has been depressed for several months. She is considering cognitive therapy. What advice would she be given?
"Many studies have shown the usefulness of cognitive therapy and it seems to prevent relapse. "
What is an example of arbitrary inference?
"She looked at me funny. She hates me"
What would eliminate a potential diagnosis for cyclothymia?
"carol was convinced that her mother wanted to kill her, although there was no evidence for this
Who is most likely to attempt but not complete suicide?
14 yr old Joan who has been depressed since her parent's divorce
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication indicated______% of people with mood disorders receive no treatment or inadequate care
60%
The average duration of an untreated episode of depression is:
> > 6-9 months. 1 year. 2 years. unknown as individuals not seeking treatment haven't been studied.
Which of the following was once viewed as form of "hysteria"?
> > Conversion disorder Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative fugue Hypochondriasis.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?
> > The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution. Twin studies do not consistently find evidence of an inherited susceptibility to depression. Genes play a more significant causal role in bipolar disorders than they do in unipolar disorders. Bipolar and unipolar disorders are equally heritable.
Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true?
> > While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.
A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met DSM IV-TR criteria for:
> > an episode of mania. an episode of mania or major depression. an episode of hypomania and a major depression. ??an episode of mania and a major depression.
Sociocognitive theory
> > explains why symptoms of DID are often not seen until after treatment is initiated. explains why the number of alters is usually constant. can't account for the role that trauma appears to play in DID. does not explain the phenomenon of "lost time."
Sibutramine acts to reduce appetite by:
> > increasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine. decreasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine. blocking receptors for serotonin and norepinephrine. interfering with digestion.
Leptin:
> > is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. is a hormone that is a promising new treatment for obesity. is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.
Evan is terrified because he is convinced that he has a terminal heart condition. He has consulted with several physicians about it who have found no evidence of any heart disease.
> > somatization disorder. pain disorder. hypochondriasis. conversion disorder.
Which of the following is most likely to attempt suicide?
A 25-year-old single man A 25-year-old single woman A 25-year-old divorced man > > A 25-year-old divorced woman
What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity?
A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight
Dysthymia
A disorder that involves the same symptoms as in depression only less severe, but the symptoms last longer, persisting for at least two years
cyclothymia
A relatively mild but long lasting form of bipolar disorder
What is a pseudoseizure?
A seizure that resembles an epileptic seizure but is different.
People with hypochondriasis tend to rely on maladaptive thoughts that increase their vulnerability to this somatic symptom issue. Which of the following statements would be an example of those thoughts?
A sore throat is a major problem. It could be cancer or some other deadly disease no matter what the doctor says.
Which one of the following statements about gender difference in unipolar depression is true?
AS A BIOLOGICAL BASES FOR THE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSIONS HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED, RESEARCHERS HAVE SOUGHT A PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPLANATION.
Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder among soldiers in World War I?
Acute anxiety disorder > > Conversion disorder Dissociative identity disorder Hypochondriasis
Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat
Adolescents
Which one of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically?
Advances in the medical field have facilitated the determination of organic causes for physical dysfunctions.
Which of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically?
Advances in the medical field have made patients more sophisticated about medical and psychological disorders.
Bipolar II
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
What is meant by the phrase "double depression"?
An individual with persistent depressive disorder later develops major depressive disorder as well.
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Appetite and weight loss
Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is:
Assimilation into white culture and middle class values
Why do people with phobias continue to avoid the thing they fear?
Avoidance is reinforced by anxiety reduction.
Set-point theory explains why:
Binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.
Behaviorally inhibited young children are more likely to develop social phobias. This is an example of a ________ causal factor.
Biological
What do the somatic symptom and dissociative disorders have in common?
Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety.
People with body dysmorphic disorder are similar to people with hypochondriasis in that:
Both ask for reassurance about their symptoms but do not feel relief when they get it.
Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders?
Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome
Jill's marriage has suffered ever since the birth of her second child. Since the birth, she has been depressed and has had little interest in intimacy with her husband. Jill feels unattractive with the additional weight she carries since the birth and has been rejecting her husband's advances. After Jill discussed her feelings with Dr. Tora, Dr. Tora decided to prescribe her an antidepressant. Considering the problems she has been having in her marriage, which of the following is Dr. Tora most likely to prescribe?
Bupropion
Callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals
Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa
Callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals?
Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.
Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity?
Cancer
Why has there been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue?
Case studies provide more useful information. Both disorders are relatively brief, preventing researchers from having ample time to systematically conduct full evaluations. The diagnosis of both disorders is too controversial; until a consensus is reached as to whether there is a true "psychogenic" amnesia, further study is virtually impossible. > > These conditions are too rare to permit more extensive study.
Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. Which one of the following does this finding suggest?
Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression.
Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. What does this suggest?
Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, causes depression
Bipolar I
Characterized by one or more manic episodes with or without a history of a depressive episode; appears to occur equally in men and women and across the races
Which of the following summarizes the posttraumatic theory for the origin of DID?
Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."
Which one of the following summarizes the post-traumatic theory for the origin of DID?
Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."
what is necessary for a diagnosis of cyclothymia?
Clinically significant distress or impairment
Bipolar disorder is to major depression as ____ is to ____.
Cyclothymia; dysthymia
According to sociocognitive theory of DID:
DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician.
Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa?
Death
What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders?
Depression and personality disorders
The new DSM classification, which omits the concept of neurosis, is an improvement because:
Diagnostic criteria are now based on shared, observable symptoms and are more clearly defined.
What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?
Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.
What disorder must symptoms be present for at least 2 years in order for a diagnosis to be made?
Dysthymia
For which of the following have studies of control in humans and monkeys provided support?
Early experiences may serve as protective factors, decreasing the likelihood of developing generalized anxiety disorder.
In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case?
Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.
The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that:
Environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.
15. Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning provides a theoretical rationale for an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. What is this treatment?
Exposure therapy with response prevention
psychotic depression
Expression of intensely negative mood shifts and unusual behaviors involving hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech patterns, or loss of contact with reality.
Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is the most accurate?
Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important for lasting recovery.
Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate?
Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.
Neurobiological factors involved in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder provide evidence for the hypothesis that:
Fear and anxiety are fundamentally distinct.
Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?
Fear of being or becoming fat
Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa?
Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.
Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?
Fully developed personalities are not present in DID, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.
Your textbook presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she:
Has experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.
In what way was Freud's view of conversion disorder consistent with behavioral theories?
He believed that the symptoms of conversion disorder were maintained by the relief from anxiety they provided.
In what way was Freud's view of conversion disorder consistent with behavioural theories?
He believed that the symptoms of conversion disorder were maintained by the relief from anxiety they provided.
Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia?
Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.
After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case?
Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.
Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men?
Homosexuality
Response prevention has been used in the treatment of both:
Hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder
Which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of dissociative amnesias on memory?
Implicit memory is generally intact.
Gastric bypass surgery makes it:
Impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
People with hypochondriasis, like people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, have intrusive thoughts that cause them anxiety. The major difference is:
In hypochondriasis, the thoughts are seen as appropriate and reasonable, in obsessive-compulsive disorder the intrusive thoughts are seen as inappropriate and alien.
Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis differ because:
In somatization disorder, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease.
Which of the following characterizes the prevalence of eating disorders in Iran?
Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States.
Grehlin is a hormone that:
Is an appetite stimulator.
Why is the timeframe of 6 months important in diagnosing pain disorder?
It determines whether the symptoms are acute or chronic.
What is true about the monoamine hypothesis of depression?
It has not been replaced by a compelling alternative
Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in DID?
It is not the original identity.
Which of the following is a true statement about rapid cycling in bipolar disorders?
It is seen in men more than women. It occurs in only those with Bipolar II disorder. Lithium may trigger a cycling episode. > > It is seen in 5-10 percent of those with bipolar disorder.
What is true of a major depressive episode?
It is the most prevalent mood episode
Which of the following is true of major depressive episode?
It is the most prevalent mood episode.
Why has the prevalence of DID been increasing?
It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.
Following the rejection of his latest novel, Jim experienced an inability to make some movements with his right hand. While he was unable to write, he could scratch and make other simple motions with his affected hand. Two weeks later he was able to write again. What is unique about Jim's case of conversion disorder?
Jim is male, and most people with this disorder are women.
John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John is a hypochondriac, Ira is not. Most likely
John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick.
Which of the following is most suggestive of dissociative identity disorder?
Kyla could not recall where she had been or what she had done all day.
Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ?
Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance
Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa?
Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.
Which of the following is an example of arbitrary inference?
Life is so unfair. If she won't go out with me, I'll die. > > She looked at me funny. She hates me. Why should I even try? She'll definitely reject me.
Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity?
Low parental education
The German man in the study mentioned in the textbook, who had dissociative fugue, denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words. This supports that:
Mainly episodic memory is lost, implicit memory stays intact.
Two months after her husband's death, Connie was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet thrown out his clothes. What diagnosis could apply to Connie according to the DSM5?
Major Depressive Disorder
What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders?
Making a diagnosis before the disorder becomes life threatening Engaging the family in the treatment process Finding an effective pharmacological treatment > > Overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment
For the treatment of eating disorders, medications:
May be useful, but are not a primary treatment.
Efforts to find the gene or genes that underlie bipolar disorder suggest that:
Multiple genes are involved.
Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with:
Negative affect
The presence of which of the following is a major risk factor for panic disorder, depression, and other anxiety disorders?
Neuroticism
Octavia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has seventeen different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?
No aspect of this case is unusual.
Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM-5?
Obesity
Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?
Obesity
What is the relationship between obesity and social class?
Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children
Which one of the following is likely to maintain or strengthen conditioned fears over time?
Overestimating the likelihood that the event will reoccur.
"Repeated stimulation of the limbic system by discharges from the locus coeruleus may lower the threshold for later experiences of anxiety. Then, through learning, controlled by the prefrontal cortex, the person actively avoids fearful situations." This quotation most clearly refers to the biological processes involved in:
Panic disorder with agoraphobia
Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia?
Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance
Which of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?
People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms, malingerers will be more cautious.
Which one of the following is a way to distinguish between someone with conversion disorder and someone who is malingering?
People with conversion disorder are very willing to talk about their symptoms; malingerers will be more cautious.
How do you distinguish between the binge-eating or purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?
People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.
How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?
People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.
Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?
Perfectionism
Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?
Personality may be altered by malnourishment
It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes, but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias.
Preparedness
Anxiety disorders:
Probably exist in all societies, but take different forms in different cultures.
What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?
Relapse rates are high but recovery can often happen in the long run.
Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have?
Self-induced vomiting > > Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats Normal menstrual periods Occasional bouts of overeating
What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression?
Serotonin
After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?
She experienced an instance of derealization.
Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity?
Sibutramine
Dan's various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychological evaluation, the twenty-eight-year-old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatization disorder. What is atypical about this case summary?
Somatization disorder is seen much more commonly in women.
After bariatric surgery:
Some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight
What would be most helpful to a person with pain disorder?
Staying physically active, despite the pain.
According to your textbook, what is true about the relationship between religion and rate of suicide?
Suicide rates in both Catholic and Islamic countries are low
How does dysthymia compare to major depressive disorder?
Symptoms are mild to moderate but last for much longer than in a major depressive disorder.
Fear or panic is a basic emotion that involves:
The activation of the "fight or flight" response
Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity?
The adoption of unhealthy life styles
Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true?
The heavier the person, the greater the health risks
Which one of the following statements is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?
The more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution.
A nurse in an emergency room sees many illnesses and reported illnesses. A group of psychology students are listening to her speak and one asks her what might be one way to tell the difference between a conversion disorder and a true organic disturbance. Which of the following would be a valid answer?
The patient shows no signs of atrophy in damaged areas.
What do all mood disorders have in common?
The presence of a negative mood state. They are at least 6 months in duration. The presence of irrational thoughts. > > They are characterized by emotional extremes.
Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?
The use of Laxatives
When recovered depression patients are criticized by someone important to them, like a spouse or parent:
Their brains activate differently from people without a history of depression.
Which of the following is an explanation for the increased prevalence of DID?
Therapists can seek greater insurance reimbursement for DID patients.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders?
There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.
Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?
There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders
Research on the role of genetics in the development of OCD suggests that:
There may be personality factors that increase susceptibility to OCD.
Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?
They are quite common.
What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM?
Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight. > > The gender difference in its prevalence is minimal. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.
In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?
United States
Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women?
While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.
Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat, :
Works very well for extreme obesity but not for regular obesity.
Who is most likely to attempt suicide?
a 25yr old divorced woman
One factor that is especially likely to produce depression relapse is:
a behavior by a spouse that can be interpreted as criticism
Although bipolar I disorder is described as bipolar,
a depressed episode is not necessary for a diagnosis
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have:
a depressed mood for most of the day for at least two weeks
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have _________
a depressed mood or loss of pleasure most of the day for at least two weeks.
A classic landmark study by Brown & Harris (1978) found that:
a host of psychological variables may make people more or less vulnerable to depression after experiencing stressful life events.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is:
a noninvasive biological treatment for drepression
An example of dissociative trance disorder is
a person who believes he or she is at times possessed by a spirit and is extremely upset because of this
Selective abstraction is:
a tendency to focus on one negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects.
In which of the following disorders must symptoms be present for at least 2 years in order for a diagnosis to be made?
a. Dysthymia
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person MUST have
a. a depressed mood most of the day for at least 2 weeks.
Which of the following is a brain area that has been found to exhibit abnormalities in depressed patients?
a. amygdala
Depression
a. can occur even in infants and very young children.
Which of the following is most likely to be seen in children who are at risk for depression?
a. decreased left hemisphere activity
Margaret has been suffering with dysthymia for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About one month ago she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition she is experiencing is best described as
a. double depression.
A recurrent depressive episode
a. is preceded by one or more previous episodes.
Sam has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He tells you that he is certain the world will end next Tuesday because everyone in it is so wicked. He refuses to consider that he might be wrong. Sam has
a. mood congruent delusions.
What is true about suicide?
about half of people who complete suicide do so in the recovery phase of a depressive episode
Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat:
adolescents
Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?
amenorrhea
Which is a brain area that has been found to exhibit abnormalities in depressed patients?
amygdala
A diagnosis or bipolar II indicates that the person has experienced:
an episode of hypomania and an episode of major depression
A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met DSM5 criteria for
an episode of mania
A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met DSM IV-TR criteria for
an episode of mania.
What is meant by the phrase "double depression?"
and individual with dysthymia later develops major depressive disorder as well
Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because
anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia
Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because:
anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia
Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?
anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge-eating disorder > > obesity
Cindy is 5'6 tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is:
anorexia nervosa, binge-eating or purging type
The inability to learn new information is known as
anterograde amnesia
The most common kind of speech-related conversion reaction is
aphonia
What is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
appetite and weight loss
Depressogenic schemas:
are inherited. > > predispose a person to develop depression. serve a protective function and are readily modified by positive life experiences. ensure that a low rate of reinforcement will be experienced.
Independent life events are those that:
are out of the client's control.
Brigid has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Brigid is the host personality. We can expect that the alter identities
are strikingly different from Brigid
Kerry suffers from depression. He is experiencing delusions that his brain is deteriorating and that he is aging quickly. These delusions:
are typical of depressive delusions because they are mood congruent
Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is
assimilation into white culture and middle class values
Social phobics are likely to:
attribute events in their lives to external factors.
what is an example of a cognitive diathesis for depression?
attributing negative events to internal causes
Deena has MDD. Most days she feels very sad, but when her sister told Deena she will be an aunt, Deena felt happy for a little while. She has been gaining weight and sleeping most of the day. Deena most likely has:
atypical features
Deena has major depressive disorder. Most days she feels very sad, but when her sister came and told Deena she was going to be an aunt, Deena felt happy for a little while. She has been gaining weight and sleeping much of the day. Deena most likely has _________
atypical features.
If Ronald is typical of people with hypochondriasis, he will
avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems
Which of the following is a true statement about the recurrence of depressive symptoms?
b. Most individuals diagnosed with major depression will exhibit a recurrence.
Which of the following is true about the monoamine hypothesis of depression?
b. Much of this theory has been put into question because there is a lack of replaceable research.
Independent life events are those that
b. are out of the client's control.
Kerry suffers from depression. He is experiencing delusions that his brain is deteriorating and that he is aging quickly. These delusions
b. are typical of depressive delusions because they are mood congruent.
"Postpartum blues" are
b. common, usually brief, and not a disorder.
Sean describes himself as having hardly ever being happy. He occasionally feels okay, but it never lasts more than a day or so. He has trouble sleeping, doesn't eat much, and feels like nothing will ever change in his life. He says this has been going on for as long as he can remember. The best diagnosis for Sean is
b. dysthymia.
Herbert awakens early in the morning and feels more depressed in the morning than the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derives no pleasure from things that used to please him. If he is suffering from major depression, Herbert's symptoms suggest the subtype called
b. melancholic.
"Normal" depression becomes a mood disorder when
b. the degree of impairment is judged severe enough to warrant a diagnosis.
The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that
b. this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting.
Why are family attitudes about obesity important?
because the consequences are likely to remain with us
Individuals with somatic symptom disorders
believe that their symptoms are real and serious
Delilah is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?
binge eating disorder
Set-point theory explains why
binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.
What is true about bi/unipolar disorder?
bipolar disorde ris more strongly inherited than unipolar disorder
Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites?
body dissatisfaction
The finding that people with one type of seratonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatment had higher rates of depression than those w/o the gene or those with the gene w/o maltreatment suggests that:
both a gene and certain environmental factors need to be present to cause depression
Lithium has:
both anti manic and antidepressant effects
Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis are similar in that
both pay more attention to bodily sensations and see them as symptoms
Jill's marriage has suffered ever since the birth of her second child. Since the birth, she has been depressed and has and little interest in intimacy with her husband. Jill feels unattractive with the additional weight she carries since the birth and has been rejecting her husband's advances. After discussing her feelings, her doctor has decided to prescribe her an antidepressant. What is most likely to be prescribed?
bupropion
Deena has major depressive disorder. Most days she feels very sad, but when her sister came and told Deena she was going to be an aunt, Deena felt happy for a little while. She has been gaining weight and sleeping much of the day. Deena most likely has
c. atypical features.
Depression during adolescence
c. can affect a person into young adulthood.
Many people who are depressed
c. enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night.
Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she just doesn't enjoy life lately. She says that for the past couple of months, she finds she just doesn't feel like doing the things that she used to love to do. She has also lost a lot of weight and sleeps much more than usual but still feels tired all the time. She says she just can't concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany's most likely diagnosis is
c. major depressive disorder.
A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ________.
c. relapse; recurrence
Depression during adolescence:
can affect a person into young adulthood
Once a dissociative fugue ends, people
can remember their past but cannot remember what happened during the fugue
A major depressive episode is considered to be________ when symptoms do not remit for over two years
chronic
Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Postpartum Blues are:
common, usually brief, and not a disorder
A new disorder in DSM-5 is:
conversion disorder
The hormone______ has been found to be elevated in most patients hospitalized with major depressive disorder
cortisol
What best describes the relationships between mood disorders and domestic stress?
critical comments trigger negative affect in the spouse
The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is
criticism
The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is:
criticism
Lori has periods of dejection and apathy that are not as severe as are seen in major depression. She also has periods when she abruptly becomes elated and has little need for sleep. Her symptoms never reach the level of psychosis, but the mood swings have been recurrent for over four years. The best diagnosis is:
cyclothymia
Bipolar disorder is to major depression as________ is to _______
cyclothymia ; dysthymia
Drugs that alter the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are not clinically effective in the treatment of depression for several weeks. Which of the following does this finding suggest?
d. Changes in neurotransmitter function, as opposed to neurotransmitter level, cause depression.
George, a 22-year-old mechanic, always seems to have a cloud over his head. For the past three years, he has had problems sleeping and he has little appetite or enjoyment of food. While he may sometimes seem to be relatively content for short periods of time, this happens very rarely and it never lasts for more than a week. If George were to seek help for his negative mood state, which of the following diagnoses would he most likely receive?
d. Major depressive disorder
The finding that people with one type of serotonin transporter gene and childhood maltreatment had higher rates of depression than either those without the gene or those with the gene without the maltreatment suggests that
d. both a gene and certain environmental factors need to be present to cause depression
A person who shows psychotic depression that involves mood-congruent thinking
d. has a poorer prognosis than others with major depression.
Individuals who do not show a decrease in cortisol levels in response to an injection of dexamethasone
d. have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally.
Two months after her husband's death, Connie was still not herself. She often forgot to feed the dog, was late for work on a regular basis, and had not yet thrown out his clothes. Which of the following diagnoses could apply to Connie according to the DSM-5?
d. major depressive disorder
Over the past two years, Kelly has experienced depressive episodes three different times. Two of the three episodes occurred in the winter and the third occurred last fall. It is now winter and Kelly's depressive symptoms once again are consistent with major depressive disorder. Which of the following diagnoses should she be given?
d. recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern
A common sign of bulimia nervosa is:
damaged teeth and mouth ulcers
What is most likely to be seen in children who are at risk for depression?
decreased left hemisphere activity
The most effective treatment to date for somatization disorder
decreases healthcare expenditures
The current prevalence of conversion disorder is
decreasing as sophistication about disorders increases
John's erratic behavior finally ruined his marriage. What kind of life even would this be described as?
dependent
The disorder involving the experience of sudden loss of the sense of self is
depersonalization disorder
Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of:
depersonalization disorder. all forms of dissociative amnesia. > > dissociative fugue. dissociative identity disorder.
anaclitic depression
depression or despair seen in infants separated from their attachment figure for a prolonged period of time
All of the following are associated with DID except:
depression. hallucinations. > > psychosis. substance abuse.
Cross-cultural studies of mood disorders are made difficult due to:
differences in the diagnostic practices
Although Charlie remembered most of the main issues of the meeting, he had no recollection of the decision to eliminate the department that he headed. Which disorder would be in effect?
dissociative disorder
Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of
dissociative fugue
Gerard became amnesic, wandered away from home and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from
dissociative fugue
In soap operas, characters often forget their past experience following some trauma. They don't merely forget the traumatic event, they forget who they are, where they came from - they lose almost all memory of their lives. They then move to a new place and start a new identity. This would best be described as an instance of
dissociative fugue
A person with two or more well-developed identities has the disorder called
dissociative identity disorder
Margaret has been suffering with dysthymia for several years and has sought treatment on several occasions. About one month ago, she developed more severe symptoms of depression, which have been maintained almost daily. The condition she is experiencing is best described as:
double depression
Sean describes himself as having hardly ever being happy. He occasionally feels okay, but it never lasts more than a day or so. He has trouble sleeping, doesn't eat much, and feels like nothing will ever change in his life. He says that this has been going on for as long as he can remember. Sean's best diagnosis is:
dysthymia
A recent in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that
each was severely abused, both physically and sexually
The director of city health department wants to know who is most likely to complete suicide in her city. This group with the highest risk is:
elderly men with chronic physical illness
Quentin is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicidal risk. In the past he has not responded to tricyclics. A wise course of action is to treat him with:
electroconvulsive therapy because if can rapidly reduce symptoms
Behavior activation treatment:
emphasizes activity and involvement in interpersonal relationships.
Behavioral activation treatment _________
emphasizes activity and involvement in interpersonal relationships.
Many people who are depressed: (sleep related)
enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night
Jill did not remember the accident happening or her graduation a couple of months ago. What form of memory loss is this characteristic of?
episodic
When a person experiences dissociative amnesia, one main type of memory is usually affected. Which?
episodic memory (the events we have experienced)
Families of people with anorexia
exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism
Families of people with anorexia:
exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism
The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she:
experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation
Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she:
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies
A review of studies found that _______ increased the likelihood of developing a more serious depression
experiencing a stressful life event
Experimental studies of DID find that interpersonality amnesia exists for
explicit memories
While there is much support for some elements of Beck's cognitive theory..
findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited
While there is much support for some elements of Beck's cognitive theory, ________
findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited.
While there is much support for some elements of Beck's cognitive theory:
findings supporting it as a causal hypothesis are limited.
What is anaclitic depression?
form of depression seen in infants separated from their attachment figure for a long time
All of the following are diagnosed as somatic symptom disorders EXCEPT
fugue disorder
Which learning process best accounts for the progression of agoraphobia?
generalization
Jeremy suffers from dissociative amnesia. He probably
had trouble remembering information stored before a traumatic incident
Obesity:
has been increasing in many countries, including the United States
Obesity
has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.
Somatization disorder, as defined in DSM-IV,
has been subsumed into somatic symptom disorder
Sara notices a lump on her side. She goes to her physician because she is worried that it is cancer. The physician sends her for a biopsy. During the three weeks between first noticing the lump and getting her results that it is not cancer, Sara was almost unable to function. She felt constant anxiety and thought constantly about having cancer. After she found out that she did not have cancer, Sara felt much better. Sara
has no mental disorder
A person who shoes psychotic depression that involved mood-congruent thinking:
has poorer prognosis that others with major depression
Individuals who do not show a decrease in cortisol levels in response to an injection of dexamethasone:
have an HPA axis that is not functioning normally
People with pain disorder tend to
have fewer somatic symptoms
Your textbook authors report that rigorously designed and controlled studies on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder
have only examined psychodynamic forms of treatment. are widespread. demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy. > > are nonexistent.
Your textbook authors report that rigorously designed and controlled studies on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder:
have only examined psychodynamic forms of treatment. are widespread. demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy. > > are nonexistent.
According to set-point theory
hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point
According to set-point theory:
hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point
Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are:
hypochondriacal disorders. anxiety disorders. dissociative disorders. > > somatoform disorders.
According to the revisions made for the DSM-5, most people previously diagnosed with ______________ will be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder.
hypochondriasis
Dysfunctional assumptions about symptoms and diseases are a component of a cognitive-behavioral explanation of
hypochondriasis
Evan is terrified because he is convinced that he has a terminal heart condition. He has consulted with several physicians about it who have found no evidence of any heart disease. Interestingly, Evan continues to feel terrified even when the doctors find no physical problem. His diagnosis is probably
hypochondriasis
Catastrophizing about minor bodily sensations is characteristic of individuals with both
hypochondriasis and somatization disorder
The diagnosis of _______ occurs when symptoms are similar to a manic episode but are milder
hypomanic episode
Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis differ because
in somatization disorder, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease
what is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar and unipolar depression?
increased cortisol levels
When a nondepressed student lives with a depressed roommate, what could result?
increased rejection and hostility in the roommate who was not originally depressed
Sibutramine acts to reduce appetite by
increasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine
The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is
integration of the alter personalities
A therapist with a _______ orientation would emphasize the depressed person's need to improve his or her social skills
interpersonal
Which of the following has been indicated as the best approach in the treatment of binge eating disorder?
interpersonal psychotherapy
Binge-eating disorder:
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain
According to Freud, depression:
is a consequence of loss
According to Freud, depression ________
is a consequence of loss.
Grehlin
is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator
Leptin
is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. Correct
Lanugo:
is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia
Lanugo
is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.
Melissa is severely depressed and wants to commit suicide. If she is typical of most individuals who commit suicide, she:
is ambivalent about committing suicide
Binge-eating disorder
is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5
Binge-eating disorder: 2
is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5
The effectiveness of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder:
is consistent with the established effects of dopamine on mood states.
Dissociation
is extremely common and not necessarily pathological
Dissociation:
is extremely common and not necessarily pathological
Earl falls at work. The initial medical tests showed no major physical problems. However, Earl calls the next day and tells his boss that he is unable to use his right leg because it is paralyzed. He also informs his boss that he plans to sue the company. Earl most likely
is malingering
Childhood depression:
is more likely in children with a depressed parent
A recurrent depressive episode:
is preceded by one of more previous episode
Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders:
is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes. is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa. suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains. > > suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice.
The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia:
is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder
A relationship between depression and marital dissatisfaction:
is well established, as is the contributory role of depressive symptoms in both participants.
What is true about rapid cycling in bipolar disorders?
it is seen in 5-10% of those with bipolar disorders
What is a behavioral explanation for depression?
lack of environmental reinforcers
melancholic depression
lack of mood reactivity, early morning awakening / insomnia, and weight loss/anorexia
No matter what prisoners do, they cannot escape. Eventually, they become passive and depressed. This illustrate the central idea in the _________ theory of depression
learned helplessness
Reynaldo has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is:
lithium
What neurochemical profiles have been associated with manic episodes?
low serotonin, high norepinephrine, high dopamine
Brittany came to a therapist complaining that she doesn't enjoy life lately. She says for the past couple of months, she finds that she just doesn't feel like doing things that she used to love to do. She lost a lot of weight and sleeps more than usual, but still feels tired all the time. She says she can't concentrate on anything. However, she denies feeling sad. Brittany has:
major depressive disorder
most prevalent mood episode is...
major depressive episode
Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of
malingering
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a reluctance to discuss symptoms?
malingering
Alan fell off a ladder at work and claims he is in intense back pain, even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He does not like to talk about it and keeps quiet other than his report to his attorney. Caleb fell off a ladder at work and claims he hurt his back too even though medical tests find nothing wrong. He talks about it all of the time in great detail. Which diagnosis would seem to fit each man?
malingering in Alan and conversion disorder in Caleb
What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders?
mania and depression
key moods in mood disorders
mania and depression
Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings:
may be the result of her starving herself
In the treatment of eating disorders, medications:
may be useful, but are not a primary treatment
Comfort food
may help reduce activation in the stress response system
Comfort food:
may help reduce activation in the stress response system
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors:
may lead to sexual problems
Herbert awakens early in the morning and feels more depressed in the morning than the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derives no pleasure from things that used to please him. Herbert is diagnosed with MDD with _________ features.
melancholic
Herbert awakens early in the morning and feels more depressing in the morning than the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derived no pleasure from things that used to please him. If he is suffering from major depression, Herbert's symptoms suggest the subtype to be called:
melancholic
a hypomanic episode is best described as a:
mild manic episode
Diane's treatment for depression included training in medication techniques that helped her become aware of her unwanted negative thoughts and to accept them as just thoughts. She was undergoing:
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Sam has been diagnosed with MDD. He tells you that he is certain the world will end next tuesday because everyone in it is so wicked. He refuses to condor that he might be wrong. Sam has:
mood congruent delusions
Compared to anxiety, panic is:
more intense
What is true about the recurrence of depressive symptoms?
most individuals with MDD will exhibit a recurrence
Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as
multiple personality disorder
In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must:
not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa
Childhood suicide is:
one of the top ten causes of death for children in the US
Beck's Negative congnitive triad involves feeling negatively about:
one's self, one's experiences, and one's future
Beck's negative cognitive triad involves feeling negatively about ________
one's self, one's experiences, and one's future.
There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because
other factors correlated with abuse may be the true causal factors in DID
Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with DID have
over ten identities
Research on hypochondriasis has shown that people with the disorder tend to
overestimate the dangerousness of diseases
Ryan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for "a while" to take care of him. Ryan probably has
pain disorder associated with psychological factors
Beck's cognitive theory of depression
people develop patterns of negative thinking which become automatic, pessimistic predictions about self and the world
What is true about rumination, according to the ruminative response styles theory?
people who ruminate a great deal tend to have more lengthy periods of depressive symptoms
One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is
people with eating disorders often have depression as well
Recent research on relapse among bipolar patients suggests that:
personality styles interact with stress to increase the likelihood of relapse
Parental loss only results in a vulnerability to depression when:
poor parental care is a consequence of the loss
15. Gastric bypass surgery makes it:
possible to binge and not gain weight. slightly more likely that people will lose weight. impossible to regain weight once it is lost. > > virtually impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
depressogenic schemas:
predispose a person to develop depression
Depressogenic schemas
predispose a person to develop depression. Correct
In the individual with DID, "switches" between identities
produce gaps in memory
In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also:
provide factual information about eating and dieting
All of the following are associated with DID except
psychosis
A return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a________
recurrence
Seasonal affective disorder is best described as a ________ depressive disorder.
recurrent
seasonal affective disorder is best described as a ________ depressive disorder
recurrent
Over the past 2yrs, Kelly has experienced depressive episodes 3 different times. 2/3 episodes occurred in the winter and the third last fall. It is now winter and Kelly's depressive symptoms once again are consistent with major depressive disorder. What diagnosis should be given?
recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern
A rapid return of symptoms immediately after a drug treatment is terminated is a common example of _______
relapse
Debbie receives her paper back from her instructors. It is marked with an A and has several positive comments. The instructor also suggested Debbie reword one small section. Debbie is extremely upset and tells her friends her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of:
selective abstraction
Debbie receives her paper back from her instructor. It is marked with an A grade and has several positive comments. The instructor also suggested Debbie reword one small section. Debbie becomes extremely upset and tells her friends her instructor hated the paper and wants her to redo it. This is an example of ________
selective abstraction.
A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics?
serotonin
The text presented the case of Mary Kendall, who suffered from dissociative identity disorder. She is typical of individuals with this disorder in that
she has periods of "lost time"
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict:
she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict
she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.
Joanne tends to blow up at people and then feel guilty. She worries a lot. She complains that she just doesn't really find anything exciting and life is boring. Joanne:
shows evidence of neuroticism and low positive affectivity, and has a high risk of developing depresison
What is true about the frequency of episodes in bipolar I?
single episodes are extremely rare
Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the absence of any physical pathology that could account for them are
somatic symptom disorders
After bariatric surgery,
some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight
A sophisticated, prospective study of the role of stressful life events in bipolar disorder by Ellicott, Hammen, and colleagues found that:
stress did not play a lesser role with the occurrence of more episodes
Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders
suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice
A lack of body distortions among the Amish
suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples
A lack of body distortions among the Amish:
suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples
Studies of the brains of individuals with DID
support the assertion that DID is a real disorder
Studies of the brains of individuals with DID:
support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.
What might explain why rates of depression are low in China and Japan?
symptoms of depression tend to be discussed as somatic
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?
the amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance
the main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is
the amount of social and occupational impairment
The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is:
the amount of social and occupational impairment.
"Normal" feelings of depression becomes a mood disorder when:
the degree of impairment is judged severe enough to warrant a diagnosis
the more severe the depressive disorder...
the greater the genetic contribution
Set-point theory about weight suggests that:
the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges
What statement is supported by research on the role of genetic influences in unipolar disorder?
the more severe the depressive disorder, the greater the genetic contribution
What is necessary for a diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder?
the occurrence of at least one manic episode
Abramson revised the learned helplessness theory to suggest that:
the pessimistic attributional style people have about negative events produces depression
What is a major risk for panic disorder, depression and other anxiety disorders?
the presence of neuroticism
The WHO World Mental Health Survey revealed _________
the prevalence of mood disorders in countries around the world varies from .8 percent to 9.6 percent.
why is is not wise to treat an individual who has bipolar with a tricyclic antidepressant?
the unpleasant side effects cause many to stop taking them
Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating or purging type of anorexia?
the use of laxatives
One criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder is that _________
there has never been a manic or hypomanic episode.
"Normal" depression becomes a mood disorder when:
there is no identifiable cause for it. > > the degree of impairment is judged severe enough to warrant a diagnosis. it lasts for more than a month. it ceases to be justified and adaptive.
What is thought to explain the effectiveness of the SSRIs in treating panic disorder?
they decrease noradrenergic activity.
The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for SAD suggests that:
this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting
The fact that bright light may be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder suggests that ________
this form of depression is produced by a malfunctioning biological clock that needs resetting.
Stressful lie events appear:
to increase the time to recover from a manic episode
Two types of mood disorders include:
unipolar and bipolar depression
When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know
very little
Gastric bypass surgery makes it
virtually impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight. Correct
What is the most important characteristic used to distinguish dysthymia from major depression?
whether there are occasional brief periods of nomad moods during the disorder
Sociocognitive theory explains (this strange characteristic of many DID cases):
why symptoms of DID are often not seen until after treatment is initiated.
Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed:
with purging disorder
Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed
with purging disorder.
The majority of individuals who attempt suicide are ________ and the majority of those who complete suicide are ________.
women and people between age 18 and 24; men and people over age 65
The majority of individuals who ATTEMPT suicide are______ and the majority of those who COMPLETE suicide are________
women and ppl between 18-24; men and ppl over 65
Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat,
works modestly well for obesity
Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat:
works modestly well for obesity
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body,
young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women. most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal. young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do. > > young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body:
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men
