Exercise Prescription Test 1

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elevated blood pressure

120-129/<80 mmHg

Stage 1 hypertension

130-139/80-89

what % of the american population doesn't get the recommended amount of PA for health benefits

21.5%

arm cuff size for small adult

22-26 cm

arm cuff size for larger adult

35-44cm

improvement stage

4-8 months

What is the target volume of exercise for adults as recommended by ACSM in MET min/wk?

500-1000

positive and negative risk factors for CHD

Positive: age, family history, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, tobacco use, diabetes, overweight, PA negative: HDL

During a cycle ergometer maximal exercise test, a pedaling rate of 60 rpm produces the highest VO2max when compared with the rates of 50, 70 , or 80 rpm. T/F

T

The risk of a graded maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test being fatal in the general population is less than 1 in 10,000. T/f

T

name 3 field tests for estimating aerobic capacity

distance run test, 1 mile test, 20 m shuttle run, walking tests

One MET is defined as

energy cost of sitting quietly

hyperlipidemia

increase of lipids in the blood

The quantity of physical activity needed for achieving health benefits or reducing risk of illness is ________ the amount typically prescribed when the goal is to make substantial improvements to cardiorespiratory fitness.

less than

arm cuff size for child

less than 22 cm

decision making theory

proposes that individuals decide whether or not to engage in a behavior by weighing the perceived benefits and costs of that behavior

how should standard GXT protocols be modified for testing older adults

-extend the warm up to more than 3 minutes -initial intensity 2-3 mets -reduce treadmill speed to their walking ability -extend time of each stage to allow them to reach steady state

ACSM criteria for attainment of VO2 max

-failure of the HR to increase with increase in intensity -lactate concentration exceeding 8 mmol -RER greater than 1.15 -RPE greater than 17 using 6-20 Borg scale

what factors should you consider when choosing a max vs submax test

-your client's exercise patterns and risk factors, reasons for administering the test, and availability of equipment

a pretest healthy screening includes what four items

1)Administer PAR-Q. 2)Identify signs and symptoms of disease. 3)Analyze coronary risk profile. 4)Perform risk stratification

initial conditioning stage

1-6 weeks

self determination theory

1. amotivation- no intention to exercise 2. other determined motivation-motivated by guilt, fear, pressure 3. self determined extrinsic motivation-better health, freely chooses 4. intrinsic motivation- exercises for pure enjoyment

recommended sequence of testing for a physical fitness test

1. resting measurements HR, BP 2. Body composition 3. cardiorespiratory endurance 4. muscular fitness 5. flexibility

According to the classification of physical activity levels using a pedometer, how many daily steps would an adult need to take to be considered active?

10,000 to 12,499

How many participants are generally needed to ensure that the data are representative of the population for whom the prediction equation was developed?

100-400

steps per day for adult weight loss

11000-13000

what is the recommended minimum amount of daily PA for health

150 minutes a week of moderate PA or 75 of vigorous PA

For substantial health benefits, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults should engage in aerobic exercise at least _____ minutes per week at a moderate intensity or _____ minutes per week at a vigorous intensity.

150; 75

What is the energy expenditure in ml/kg/min of a 150 pound woman using 12 inch step at a cadence of 20 steps per minute?

22.09

overweight BMI

25-29.9

arm cuff size for adult

27-34cm

arm cuff size for obese adult

45-52 cm

percent of deaths due to CVD

46%

On average, discontinuous exercise tests take ________ times longer to administer than do continuous tests.

5

It is important for exercise specialists to help clients make a firm commitment to an exercise program because of those individuals starting an exercise routine, _______ will drop out within one year.

50%

The Institute of Medicine recommends _______ minutes of daily physical activity to prevent weight gain.

60

The most widely used distance run tests are the ___________ minute runs and the ____________ mile runs.

9- and 12-; 1.0- and 1.5

Values for LDL cholesterol

<100 optimal

Stage 2 hypertension

>140 or >90

level of HDL that leads to decreased CVD risk

>60 mg dl

Values for HDL

>60 optimal >40 desirable <40 undesirable

Principle of Overload

A rule that states that in order to improve fitness, one needs to do more physical activity than one normally does.

Theory of Reasoned Action

A theory suggesting that the decision to engage in a particular behavior is the result of a rational process in which behavioral options are considered, consequences or outcomes of each are evaluated, and a decision is reached to act or not to act. That decision is then reflected in behavioral intentions, which strongly influence overt behavior.

What noncommunicable diseases are related to physical inactivity

CVD, diabetes, obesity, chronic respiratory disorders and cancers

behavior modification model

Clients become actively involved in the change process by setting realistic short and long-term goals, developing a plan to achieve these goals, and signing a contract that describes each goal and how it may be achieved.

difference between gross and net vo2

Gross vo2- the total rate of oxygen consumption and reflects the caloric costs of both rest and exercise Net VO2- rate of oxygen consumption in excess of the resting VO2; caloric cost of exercise

during a GXT, what 3 variables are monitored at regular intervals

HR, BP, RPE

The MET method should be used along with what other two methods in order to ensure that exercise intensity does not exceed safe limits? I: Heart rate II:Heart rate maximum III: Blood Pressure IV: Rating of perceived exercise

I and IV only

Which of the following are considered advantages to multimodal exercise programs? I: Increased likelihood of incorporating physical activity and exercise into the individuals lifestyle II: Improved skill of one particular activity increasing an individuals sense of self-determination III: Better understanding of how an individual's body responds to exercise IV: Greater likelihood in a save and effective exercise program

I, III, and IV only

Principle of Initial Values

Individuals with low initial fitness levels will show greater relative gains and a faster rate of improvement compared to those starting at higher fitness levels

Health Belief Model

Individuals' perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act

3 stages of an exercise program

Initial conditioning improvement stage maintenance stage

All but which of the following are parts of a comprehensive pretest health screening?

OPTION A EEG OPTION B Coronary risk factor assessment OPTION C Lifestyle evaluation OPTION D Resting blood pressure Option A

Which is true according to a U.S. national survey on physical activity?

OPTION A More than 50% of adults meet both guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening activities. OPTION B Men are less likely to meet the full aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines than women. OPTION C Older adults (ages 65 and older) are more likely to meet the guidelines than younger (18-24 years) adults. OPTION D Women are less likely to meet the full aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines than men. (Option D)

Which of the following statistics regarding hypertension is correct?

OPTION A The percentage of American men up to the age of 45 with hypertension (11-23%) is greater than that of women (6-18%). OPTION B After age 45, the prevalence of hypertension is greater in American women (24-38%) than in men (16-23%). OPTION C Women with hypertension have a 2.5 greater risk of developing cardiovascular heart disease than do women who have normal blood pressure. OPTION D The prevalence of high blood pressure for blacks in the United States (25%) is less than that of American Indians or Mexican Americans. (option A)

Which of the following correctly match the exercise with the activity type?

OPTION A slow dancing (type A); in-line skating (type B); simulated climbing (type C); basketball (type D) OPTION B walking (type A); Aqua aerobics (type B); Nordic skiing (type C); bench water aerobics (type D) OPTION C aqua aerobics (type A); aerobic dancing (type B); rowing (type C); handball (type D) OPTION D cycling indoors (type A); running (type B); swimming (type C); hiking (type D) Option D

When choosing an alternative field test, which test is the least preferable?

OPTION A walking test OPTION B 12 minute swim test OPTION C 12 minute cycling test OPTION D step test Option B

components of ECG

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

What is the best recommendation about exercise frequency that could be given to an individual who is able to exercise only 5 to 10 minutes at a time?

Perform multiple sessions (two or three 10 minute sessions) in a given day to accumulate 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise

Prescribing exercise intensity using heart rate data is based on which assumption for all three approaches?

The higher the intensity of exercise, the higher the heart rate.

obesity paradox

There is compelling evidence to indicate patients diagnosed with CHR (congestive heart failure) actually have improved survival when BMI is greater than or equal to 30 kg*m-2, a phenomenon know as the "?".

What is the purpose of inflating the cuff and noting by palpation when the pulse disappears?

To estimate how much the cuff needs to be inflated to determine systolic blood pressure with the ausculatory technique.

difference between vo2max and vo2 peak

VO2 max-maximal amount of oxygen VO2 peak-highest recorded number during GXT

exergaming

Video games that provide physical activity or exercise through interactive play

Hypertension is clinically defined as

a systolic blood pressure of 135 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 85 mmHg or greater.

Metabolic syndrome is the name for which group of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease?

abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance

what is the difference between absolute and relative vo2

absolute vo2- L/min related to body size, men usually have a larger VO2 than women relative vo2- ml/kg/min used to compare CRF

3 absolute contradictions to exercise testing

acute myocardial infarction unstable angina cardiac arrhythmias severe aortic stenosis

social cognitive model

based on concepts of self efficacy and outcome expectation

angina pectoris

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

maintenance

client has been exercising regularly at the recommended amount for six months or longer

action

client has been performing the recommended amount of PA regularly for less than six months

preparation

client is exercising but not meeting the recommended amount of PA

contemplation

client is not exercising but intends to start

list three reasons for stopping a GXT

client wants to stop, angina like symptoms, drop in systolic bp >10 mmHg, excessive rise in SBP >250 mmHg or DBP of >115 mmHg, signs of poor perfusion, failure of HR to rise with increased exercise intensity

metabolic syndrome

combination of CVD risk factors associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity

how do the continuous, discontinuous and ramp exercise testing protocols differ

continuous-no rest 8-12 minutes discontinuous- client rests for 5-10 minutes between workloads, each stage lasts 5 minutes, takes 5x longer ramp test-frequent increases in work rate, VO2 plateau rarely observed, done in 10 minutes

What phase of the aerobic exercise program is performed between the warm up and cool down?

endurance conditioning 20-60 minutes

During a graded exercise test, what other criteria may be used to indicate the attainment of a true VO2max?

failure of the heart rate to increase with increased exercise intensity

If an individual is identified as having risk factors even though she has none, it is known as a

false positive

Which type of equation is developed using diverse, heterogenous samples and accounts for differences in physical characteristics by including these variables?

generalized prediction

The total rate of energy expenditure (gross) during steady-state treadmill walking or running is a function of which three components?

grade, resting energy expenditures, and speed

3 sources of error in measurement of BP

improper cuff size, improper placement, background noise, arm not in correct position

During which stage of the exercise progression is the rate of progression more rapid and the frequency progressed from 3 to 5 days/wk?

improvement

principle of interindividual variability

individual responses to a training stimulus are quite variable and depend on a number of factors such as age and initial fitness level

Atherosclerosis

inflammatory process involving a buildup of LDL

type 1 diabetes

insulin dependent

3 methods for measuring blood pressure. which one is considered gold standard

intra-arterial BP= GOLD standard .. mercury manometer manual blood pressure technique automated BP technique hybrid BP technique

Which of the following is a benefit of using ramp protocol?

it is designed to be performed in under 10 minutes

coronary heart disease

lack of blood supply to the heart muscle resulting from a progressive degenerative disorder known as atherosclerosis

If the arm circumference is 35 cm, then the recommended cuff to use is

larger adult

3 relative contradictions to exercise testing

left main coronary artery stenosis recent stroke hyperthyroidism tachydysrhythmias

According to a longitudinal study, which risk factor contributes to more deaths than any other risk factor?

low cardiorespiratory fitness

what is the most valid and direct measure of functional cardiorespiratory capacity?

maximum oxygen uptake VO2 max

An asymptomatic individual with two or more coronary risk factors is classified as

moderate coronary heart disease risk.

type 2 diabetes

non-insulin dependent

Physical inactivity can lead to the development of which chronic diseases?

obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and musculoskeletal disorders

The precursor of osteoporosis is ?

osteopenia

obese BMI

over 30

Principle of Diminishing Returns

positive effects and health benefits of exercise are reversible

Which stage of motivational readiness for changing exercise behavior is a client in when she is exercising but not doing the recommended amount of physical activity?

preparation

maintenance stage

preserve level of fitness

The proper exercise prescription for individuals with hypertension includes

primarily moderate-intensity endurance activities all days of the week with resistance training at 60-80% 1 RM.

Transtheoretical Model

process clients go through when adopting a change in health behavior precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Which is used to compare fitness levels of individuals differing in body size?

relative

It is possible for a test to have excellent ___________________ but poor __________________________.

reliability;validity

To assess your client's physical fitness status, select tests that are

reliable, objective, and valid.

Which level of motivation is a person at if he autonomously exercises for improved health benefits?

self determined

The probability of identifying individuals who have risk factors for a specific disease or syndrome is test

sensitivity

precontemplation stage

stage of change in which people are unwilling to change their behavior client does not exercise and does not intend to start

Define physical fitness and 4 components

the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands 1. muscular strength 2. muscular endurance 3. cardiorespiratory fitness 4. flexibility

Principle of Progression

the amount and intensity of your exercise should be increased gradually

Principle of Specificity

the effect of exercise training is specific to those muscles involved in the activity

Theory of Planned Behavior

the idea that people's intentions are the best predictors of their deliberate behaviors, which are determined by their attitudes toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

The PARmed-X is used by

the physician to assess and convey medical clearance for physical activity participation.

effects of miscuffing BP

too small of a cuff leads to overestimation and too large of a cuff leads to underestimation

should treadmill or cycle ergometer be used for assessing the cardiorespiratory fitness of children

treadmill because they do not have the attention span to maintain cadence on bike

Which type of endurance activities require both skill and average physical fitness?

type c

Values for Total Cholesterol

• <200 is desirable • 200-239 is borderline • 240 or >240 is high


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