EXP 3604 Chapter 12 Quiz

Dr. Chan is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. In this new study, participants solve a similar shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. By doing this, Dr. Chan is studying the effect of which on problem solving? Perceptual segregation Analogies Divergent thinking Anaphoric interference

Analogies

How do novices organize information? By meaning By principle By similar topic By object

By object

The fortress story serves as which type of problem for the radiation problem? Insight problem Unrelated problem Source problem Target problem

Source problem

Which term BEST describes the process of brainstorming? Divergent Mindful Preinventive Compound

Divergent

Using various objects that happen to be on board a spaceship to build a filter for survival after it becomes damaged is an example of which? Divergent thinking Creative cognition Convergent thinking The means-end analysis

Divergent thinking

When presented with a real-world agriculture problem, who performed MOST effectively? Novice political scientists Expert chemists Expert political scientists Novice chemists

Expert political scientists

Which is TRUE of experts compared to novices? Experts are better at reasoning in general than novices. Experts are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems. Experts take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Experts spend less time analyzing problems than novices.

Experts take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem.

In the two-string problem, the set of pliers are often first viewed as unrelated to solving the problem due to which principle? Representation Insight Functional fixedness Noninsight

Functional fixedness

Which occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else? Daydreaming Mindfulness Incubation Insight

Incubation

Subgoals serve a key role in which of these? Means-end analysis Volitional daydreaming Functional fixedness Creative cognition

Means-end analysis

Gick and Holyoak consider which of these to be the MOST difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution Mapping corresponding parts between the problems Solving the problem through reorganization

Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems

When applying the Russian marriage problem to help solve a different problem, how is the Russian marriage problem identified? Source problem Fortress problem Target problem Radiation problem

Source problem

If someone attempts to solve a current problem such as the two-string problem by referencing a different problem where a tool was used differently than they expected it to be, which type of problem is the two-string problem? Target problem Analogical encoding Source problem Mental set

Target problem

The typical purpose of subgoals is to solve insight problems. bring the problem-solver closer and closer to the goal state. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.

bring the problem-solver closer and closer to the goal state.

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between well- and ill-defined problems. experts and novices. experimental groups and control groups. laboratory and real-world settings.

laboratory and real-world settings.

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they were told they were expected to be creative. had received training in creative thinking. made the objects themselves. had been preselected as "creative" individuals.

made the objects themselves.

Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves parity. search. insight. algorithms.

search.

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if the candle is already lit. fewer tacks are provided. the box is empty. pliers are also presented.

the box is empty.

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically toward the solution of a noninsight problem. the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.

the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.

Which is LEAST likely to demonstrate functional fixedness? A balloon that a child has never seen before A laptop computer for an engineer A set of keys for a janitor A banana for a monkey

A balloon that a child has never seen before