Experimental Psych quiz #3

I recently put two cups in front of my dog. I hid treats under each cup. I randomly selected one cup and pointed to it, to see if that's the cup my dog would knock over first. What kind of design is this?

concurrent measures

Interrater reliability

consistent scores are obtained no matter who measures or observes

Which question would be evaluating the notetaking experiment's construct validity?

How well did the essay test measure people's conceptual knowledge?

Choose the correlation coefficient, r,with the STRONGEST relationship.

-.10

. A(an) __________ measure operationalizes a variable by recording a participant's __________.

. physiological; biological data

Which of these is a causal claim?

.Having mom in the car makes teens safer drivers.

A restaurant owner uses a response card with four items in order to evaluate how satisfied customers are with the food, service, ambience, and overall experience. Which result would show the card's criterion validity?

.if people who give favorable answers on the card also come back to the restaurant or if people who give favorable answers to the card also say nice things on an online review site about the restaurant

__________ controls for order effects in within-groups designs.

Counterbalancing

Parent's Marital Status

categorical

eye color

categorical

Independent-groups design:

different groups of participants placed at different levels of the IV;

Within-groups design

each participant is presented with all levels of the IV;

Rating of well being on a 5 point scale

interval

What is the main reason that researchers do experiments?

to support causal claims

Devon wonders, "What can I do to avoid a selection effect?" You can advise him to

use matching. use a repeated-measures design.

If I demonstrate, in a sample of people, that my new self-report measure of extroversion correlates with an observation of the number of conversations each person has in a day, I have demonstrated __________ validity.

Criterion

For which type of validity do we need to collect empirical evidence?

Criterion Validity

A professor gives a class a self-report measure of conscientiousness and finds that people who score high on the measure are more likely to be on time to class. This is evidence for the measure's

Face Validity

A researcher finds that when 40 people take a five-item measure of extroversion, their answers to each of the five items are correlated. This is

Internal Validity

Observational measures

Operationalize a variable by recording observable behaviors;

Self-report measures:

Operationalize a variable by recording people's answers to questions about themselves in a questionnaire or interview

distance from the stage in an auditorium

RAtio

Internal reliability

a study participant gives a consistent pattern of answers, no matter how the researcher has phrased the question

Discriminant validity

an empirical test of the extent to which a measure does not associate strongly with measures of other, theoretically different constructs

Dr. Boyd is conducting a study on the conscientiousness of sorority members and students who are not sorority members. She has selected Scale C. What results will tell her that Scale C has good test-retest reliability?

if, in a separate study, she gives Scale C to the same group of students and their scores on Scale C predict their scores on Scale C one week later or if another researcher has used Scale C before and conducted a study finding that people tend to stay pretty constant on their scores over time. This question helps studentsdiscriminate between test-retest reliability and replication.

degree of pain felt, as rated on a 10-point scale

interval

Which is a method for preventing selection effects?

matched-groups design

An effect size of d= 0.50 would be considered

moderate.

"A 2015 study suggested that . . . men who were happy because their hockey team had just won a game rated a lemon-lime sorbet as sweeter and less sour than men who had cheered for a losing team." This study is

neither

physiological measures

operationalize avariable by recording biological data

Order of finishers in a 5K race

ordinal

Dr. Boyd is comparing the conscientiousness of sorority members and students who are not sorority members. She is trying to decide which measure of conscientiousness she should use in the study. She has four options: Scale A, Scale B, Scale C, and Scale D. Each scale gives a validity coefficient from a criterion validity test predicting a behavior relevant to conscientiousness. Their coefficients follow. Based on this information, which of the four tests should she choose as the most valid?

r= -.65

blood alcohol content

ratio

reaction time on a computer task

ratio

Convergent validity:

scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct

Test-retest reliability:

using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency Consistent scores every time the measureis used; for example, give an IQ test at Time 1 (T1), at the beginning of the semester, and again at Time 2 (T2), at the end of the semester. The scores should be relatively consistent across the two times.

If a scale or measure has good interrater reliability, it

will have a positive slope on a scatterplot or means that you'll get similar results every time you use the test.