Experimental Psychology Chapter 3

Kazdin (2003) has argued that case studies can help researchers because they

allow the study of rare phenomena; provide exceptions or counterinstances to accepted ideas, theories, or practices; are a source of inferences, hypotheses, and theories

We should use nonexperimental methods when

an experiment would be unethical or impossible

Bowman's (1992) examination of factors related to adaptive coping mechanisms in African-American men who were responsible husbands and fathers utilized a national data bank containing data originally collected in face-to-face interviews. His re-examination of these data illustrates which nonexperimental design?

archival study

Experimenters use unobtrusive measures to

assess behavior without subject knowledge.

Clinicians studying rare psychological disorders like paraphilias would probably use the ____ approach.

case study

Early researchers like Velten and Piaget described normal developmental sequences using data obtained using the ____ approach.

case study

Freud's (1933) study of Little Hans illustrated how the ____ method can help clinicians propose developmental theories.

case study

Pennebaker and colleagues (2004) used the ____ approach in their study of the influences of testosterone therapy on a female-to-male transgendered individual.

case study

Mednick used ____ to discover that schizophrenic and normal children differ in the activity of their autonomic nervous systems.

deviant case analysis

Which of the following statements is correct?

external validity and internal validity are issues of concern in both quantitative and qualitative research

If a research study restricted subjects to a very narrow range of possible responses, it would be

high in imposition of units

A social psychologist who observes aggressive behavior between siblings through a one-way mirror is using

naturalistic observation

Researchers like Ainsworth et al. (1978) use the strange situation to assess the quality of attachments between very young children and their parents and other caregivers. Researchers often use ____ to gather data about these interactions.

naturalistic observation

Wheeler's (1988) account of the importance of feng shui consultants, when building the new headquarters of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, demonstrates the versatility of the ____ method.

naturalistic observation

Which descriptive method is extensively used by ethologists to observe animal behavior in natural settings?

naturalistic observation

Which is a set of attitudes, beliefs, methods, and procedures that are generally accepted within a particular discipline at a specific point in time?

paradigm

Researchers face special challenges to their ethics and objectivity when they use the ____ method to study groups like the homeless and urban crack addicts.

participant-observer

When an ethologist joins a gorilla troupe by assuming a low-status position and collects qualitative data, this illustrates the _____ method.

participant-observer

A social psychologist secretly joined a white supremacy group to study its recruitment strategies. She only gathered qualitative data since exposure could result in her ouster from the group (or hospitalization). Which research method did she use?

participant-observer study

Which of these examines a single individual's immediate subjective experiences?

phenomenological approach

William James used the ____ approach to explore basic psychological issues like habits, consciousness, and the stream of thought.

phenomenological approach

Your baby sister turns cartwheel after cartwheel until you try to capture her play on your iPhone. This illustrates the problem of

reactivity

A researcher measured the popularity of museum displays by measuring the comparative wear on floor tiles. This strategy illustrates the use of

unobtrusive measures