EXSC 351- Acquisition of Motor Skills Quizes

4.2: Which of the following statements about development of measures is FALSE?

**Developing standardized instructions is important and difficult True: - Establishing accuracy and reliability is important and difficult - Developing quality measures involves repetitive, stepwise testing - Establishing validity of measures is important and difficult.

4.1: Which of the following statements about measures of motor skills is FALSE?

**Measure of motor skills is often used to compare beginner and elite athletes True: - Measures of motor skills is often used in sports, performing arts and health care - Measures of motor skills is often valuable for identifying strengths and weaknesses - Measures of motor skills often provides valuable information for instructors and learners

6.4: Which of the following statements about performance plateaus is TRUE?

A "ceiling effect" occurs when a skill is learned quickly, leaving little room for further improvement.

3.2: Which of the following statements about memory is TRUE?

Current information used to perform motor skills, such as an address that you are entering into your phone, is temporarily stored in working memory.

4.3: Which of the following statements about measures of motor skill performance is TRUE?

Kinematic and kinetic features of motor performance are commonly used to compute production measures

6.5: Which of the following statements about factors that can cause performance plateaus is TRUE?

Learner-based factors, such as poor motivation can cause performance plateaus.

7.3: Which of the following is an example of bilateral transfer?

Learning how to write with your non-dominant hand while your dominant arm is immobilized in a cast.

7.2: A gymnast wants to try diving. She is told that the techniques used to perform flips in diving and gymnastics are highly similar, but the techniques used for landing have nothing in common. Based on this information, what types of transfer are MOST expected?

Positive transfer of flips and neutral transfer of landing

3.5: Which of the following statements about arousal is True?

The Inverse-U Principle proposes that too much or too little arousal can negatively affect motor performance.

7.4: Which of the following statements about hypotheses on transfer of learning is TRUE?

The Specificity of Learning Hypothesis emphasizes that greater transfer will occur when environmental features are highly similar.

4.4: Which of the following statements about error measures is TRUE?

Variable Error measures consistency of motor skills by quantifying dispersion (variability) exhibited by errors.

3.1: Which of the following statements about information processing is TRUE?

When faced with an abundance of information, humans tend to process information in an increasingly serial manner.

8.3: Which of the following statements about randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is FALSE?

a. All RCTs include blinding of subjects or investigators***** b. All RCTs include an appropriate control intervention c. All RCTs implement randomization of subjects d. All RCTs include at least two assessment timepoints

3.3: Which of the following statements about attention is FALSE?

a. Attention may involve conscious (explicit) allocation of resources to information. b. Attention usually allocates resources to information with largest processing demands.******* c. Attention is a psychological process that allocates resources to relevant information d. Attention may involve subconscious (implicit) allocation of resources to information.

3.4: Which of the following statements about attention is FALSE?

a. Deception involves manipulation of selective attention to create inattentional blindness. b. Spatial and temporal attention work together to allocate attention to relevant information. c. Anticipation helps shift selective attention to relevant information at the right place and time. d. Inattentional blindness occurs when resources are allocated to all relevant sources of information.***********

8.1: Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice is FALSE?

a. Evidence-based practice uses evidence from research to determine "best practices" b. Evidence from research on motor learning is used by practitioners in many fields c. Quality of evidence does not depend on the type of design that studies implement**** d. Presence or absence of certain features is used to identify the type of study design.

2.2: Which of the following statements about abilities is FALSE?

a. Motor abilities are needed to learn motor skills, whereas practicing motor skills is unnecessary.***** b. Natural athletes have many motor abilities that are needed to learn and master many motor skills. c. Individuals often use different combinations of motor abilities to learn and master motor skills. d. Talent identification is limited by poor measures of psychological and psychomotor abilities.

1.2: Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Motor learning examines how the mind, brain, and body interacts to plan, initiate, and execute motor skills. b. Limited use of motor skills in daily life implies that deficits in motor control should not impact quality of life. c. Mind-body connection states that the mind and body reciprocally interact during motor learning and control.*** d. Motor control examines how the mind, brain, and body interact to acquire, refine, retain, and adapt motor skills.

2.3: Which of the following statements about classification of motor skills is TRUE?

a. Open skills are performed outdoors and closed skills are performed indoors. b. Closed skills are performed in an unchanging, predictable environment.*** c. Open skills are initiated when performers decide to start performing the skill. d. Closed skills are initiated when performers respond to an external stimulus.

2.1: Which of the following statements about abilities is TRUE?

a. Physical abilities refer to anatomical and physiological attributes that influence motor skills, such as motivation. b. Psychological abilities refer to behavioral and emotional attributes that influence motor skills, such as strength and power. c. Psychophysical abilities refer to sensory and perceptual attributes that influence motor skills, such as height and weight. d. Psychomotor abilities refer to perceptual and cognitive attributes that influence motor skills, such as decision making. ***

8.4: Which of the following statements about Quasi-Experimental Studies (QESs) is FALSE?

a. QESs that do not include a control intervention provide weak evidence. b. QESs that have an appropriate control intervention provide fair evidence c. QESs that have a nonequivalent control intervention provide weak evidence d. QESs that include randomization blinding provide strong evidence****

8.2: Which of the following statements about features of quality research studies is FALSE?

a. Randomization is used to conceal the nature of interventions from subjects and investigators.***** b. Experimental and control interventions should have similar repetitions, duration, and intensity. c. Blinding is used to prevent biased allocation of subjects to a particular intervention. d. Inclusion criteria are used to identify subjects who may experience an adverse health event.

1.1: Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Talent refers to the general capacity to perform motor skills.*** b. Motor skills are active movements used to achieve task goals. c. Coordination refers to patterning of body and limb movements. d. Motor behavior studies both motor learning and motor control.

6.3: Which of the following could NOT be used to infer that motor learning has occurred?

a. decreased variability following a period of no practice b. persistent improvements immediately after practice**** c. increased stability in a novel environment or context d. increased adaptability in a novel environment or context

5.4: Which of the following statements about measurement of real-world information processing is FALSE?

a. gaze tracking can assess real-world information processing by examining eye movements during real-world tasks. b. visual occlusion can assess real-world information processing by manipulating vision during real-world tasks c. reactive agility can assess real-world information processing by measuring reaction times during real-world tasks. d. reaction time tasks can assess real-world information processing by measuring reaction times with laboratory tests.*********

5.2: Which of the following statements about laboratory reaction time tasks is FALSE?

a. in choice reaction time tasks, each stimulus is paired with a different response. b. in discrimination reaction time tasks, only one stimulus is paired with a response. c. in reaction time tasks, reaction times increase as the number of stimuli decreases.******* d. In simple reaction times tasks, a single stimulus is paired with a single response.

6.1: Which of the following statements about motor learning is FALSE?

a. motor learning is relatively permanent b. motor learning results from practice or experience c. motor learning is observable and measurable****** d. motor learning is inferred from performance

5.1: Which of the following statements about reaction times is FALSE?

a. movement time is the amount of time from movement onset to end. b. reaction time is the sum of premotor time and movement time.******* c. reaction times are used to measure information processing speed d. response time is the sum of reaction time and movement time.

5.3: Which of the following statements about laboratory reaction time tasks is FALSE?

a. movement time is the amount of time from movement onset to end.******** b. reaction time is the sum of premotor time and movement time. c. reaction times are used to measure information processing speed. d. response time is the sum of reaction time and movement time.

6.2: Which of the following statements about motor learning is FALSE?

a. persistent improvements and increased consistency are associated with motor learning b. stability of performance is characterized by motor skills that are resistant to disruption. c. adaptability of performance is characterized by the ability to modify motor skills d. motor skills typically display persistent improvements before increased consistency****

7.1: Which of the following statements regarding transfer of learning is TRUE?

neutral transfer occurs when a previous motor skill has no meaningful similarities with a new motor skill