External Parasite Control
cat louse
A biting louse that occasionally parasitizes cats. Frequently on older longhaired cats unable to groom themselves.
scutum
A hard tick's shield like plate.
8, 6
Adult and nymph ticks have ___ legs while larvae have ___.
three-host
Type of hard tick that feeds and drops to the ground at each stage of their lives.
one-host
Type of hard tick that finds a host as larvae and stays on that host for their whole lives.
two-host
Type of hard tick that matures from larvae to nymphs on one host, then find a 2nd, larger host as adults
no
Can hard ticks jump or drop down on hosts?
red mange
Caused by mites. Localized form; a small patch (or patches) of alopecia, skin can be slightly crusty; it can heal without treatment • Generalized form; large areas of the dog's skin; a more severe form but, in dogs under 1 yr, recovery can be complete; adult.
walking dandruff
Caused by mites. Very contagious (animal communities) • Human infestation is frequent. Scaling, a dorsal distribution, pruritus (none to severe) • Cats: dorsal crusting or generalized miliary (resembling millet seeds) dermatitis Asymptomatic carriers may exist.
dysphonia
Disorder of voice.
no
Do infected dogs always show signs of irritation at the tick bite site?
bacterial infections
Ears infested by mites are susceptible to ______.
animal, environment
Effective flea control treatment should target the ___ and its ____.
sialosis
Excessive drooling.
hematophagous
Feed on blood.
direct contact
How are lice transmitted?
topicals, rinses, collars, pharmaceutical tick preventatives, avoiding outdoor areas that harbor ticks, can get vx against tick diseases
How can you control ticks?
ear cytology
How can you diagnose ear mites?
acetate tape, superficial skin scrapes, flea combing
How can you diagnose walking dandruff?
skin scraping
How do you diagnose mange?
skin scraping
How do you diagnose sarcoptic mange?
use tweezers to grab tick close to skin, slowly pull straight out
How do you remove a tick?
localized
In this form of red mange- a small patch (or patches) of alopecia, skin can be slightly crusty; it can heal without treatment
generalized
In this form of red mange- large areas of the dog's skin; a more severe form but, in dogs under 1 yr, recovery can be complete; adult dog: debilitating/neoplastic diseases
no
Is red mange itchy?
yes
Is sarcoptic mange itchy?
dogs
Is tick paralysis more commonly seen in dogs or cats?
tapeworm
Lice are intermediates hosts of what?
flea dirt
Looks like small, black dandruff. Can place on wet paper towel and will turn red/reddish brown color.
lower motor neuron paralysis
May be a result of tick bite paralysis. a loss of voluntary movement (a disease of the nerves that connect the spinal cord and muscles).
hematoma
May be caused on the ear flap by ear mites. A bruise or blood clot under the skin.
sarcoptic mange
More common in dogs than cats • INTENSE ITCHING (hypersensitivity to mite products); highly contagious • Direct contact: infected animal/fomites (grooming tools) • Transmitted to humans (zoonosis): intense itch and rash; self limiting unless there is constant re-infection by contact with an infected pet. • Intensive scratching, hair loss, inflamed skin (ears), leg joints and throat • Diagnosis: deep skin scraping
mites
Normal inhabitants of dog skin. Typically acquired from dam while suckling. Most pups will not show any clinical symptoms; if they do, most cases resolve before 1 yr of age.
asphyxia
Respiratory muscle paralysis.
tick paralysis
Salivary neurotoxin produced by certain species of female tick • Lower motor neuron paralysis: a loss of voluntary movement (a disease of the nerves that connect the spinal cord and muscles) • With lower motor neuron paralysis the muscles stay in an apparent state of relaxation. • Symptoms: ~ 6-9 days after a tick attached to the dog; seasonal disease (summer time) • More commonly seen in dogs than in cats; US cat appear to have a resistance to the tick toxin. http://www.aqob.com.au/details.php?p_id=454
scratching ears, shaking head, dark wax
Signs of ear mites.
nests, burrows, drop down
Soft ticks generally live in animals' ____ or ___ or ____ on hosts.
suppress
Some ticks have adapted to ______ the host animal's response, making their bites relatively painless.
flea allergy dermatitis (FAD)/flea bite hypersensitivity
Very itchy disease that can lead to secondary skin infections. • Fleas inject saliva that contains a variety irritating and/or allergy-causing substances (e.g. histamine-like compounds, enzymes, polypeptides, amino acids) • Pets are not allergic to the fleas themselves. • The bite of only one flea can cause a severe reaction to an allergic animal.
• Severe itching • Chewing and biting of the tail, rump, back legs and occasionally front legs • Lick granuloma from chewing • Excessive hair loss • Small red papules with reddish-brown crusts • Hot spots
What are flea allergy dermatitis symptoms?
rub, bite, scratch area, rough and matted coat
What are signs of a lice infestation?
Intensive scratching, hair loss, inflamed skin (ears), leg joints and throat
What are signs of sarcoptic mange?
inability to vocalize normally, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, grunting, regurgitation, vomiting, dilated pupils, coughing and gagging due to an inability to swallow
What are signs of tick paralysis?
lyme, ehrilicia, anaplasma, RMSF, bartonella, babesia
What are some diseases ticks can transfer?
mites, fleas, ticks
What are the most common external parasites in pets?
hard, soft
What are the two categories of ticks?
biting, sucking
What are the two types of dog louse?
warmth, physical contact, odors
What attracts ticks to animals?
bull's eye
What do a lot of tick bites end up looking like?
tone of muscles
What do the lower motor neurons in the periphery of the CNS contol?
movement
What do the upper motor neurons, in the brain, control?
infestation in the house, sting people, need to treat entire house
What happens if you don't control fleas?
flea eradication
What is the main therapy for fleas?
pupae
What is the most difficult stage of the flea to kill?
saliva
What part of the flea are some animals allergic to, causing them to scratch?
mouthparts
What ticks use to pierce their hosts' skin and extract blood,
walking dandruff, sarcoptic mange
What two zoonotic disease are spread by mites?
send to lab
What you should do after removing a tick?
sarcoptic
Which mange is itchy?
sarcoptic
Which mange is zoonotic?
animals can be allergic, can itch until they bleed, fleas can spread to home and humans, serve as vectors of disease
Why is it important to control fleas?
mange, walking dandruff, hematomas caused by ear mites, bacterial infections caused by earmites, zoonosis (s. mange and w. dandruff)
Why should mites be controlled?
can carry infectious diseases to animals and people
Why should ticks be controlled?
irritation to the skin around the area of the bite, itchiness, head-shaking (ears), sometimes even paralysis • Fever, appetite loss, pain, lethargy and depression
signs of tick bites
anemia
An extreme infestation of lice can lead to what?
FAD
The following are symptoms of what? • Severe itching • Chewing and biting of the tail, rump, back legs and occasionally front legs • Lick granuloma from chewing • Excessive hair loss • Small red papules with reddish-brown crusts • Hot spots
fleas
The most common cause of itching in dogs and cats.
soft
These ticks do not have a scutum; the only parts of it you can see when you look at it from above are its back and legs.
hard
These ticks have a shield-like plate ("scutum") that covers part of its back. If you look at a hard tick from top down: capitulum, which looks like a head.
6-9
Tick bite paralysis symptoms typically occur how many days after a tick attaches to the dog?
questing
Tick stretching clawed limbs outward and waiting for host to pass by and hang onto it.
ear mites
Tiny parasites on the skin ear canals (dogs, cats). Survive by feeding off the lining of the ear canal: inflammation and the build-up of waxy debris.
