External Parasite Control

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cat louse

A biting louse that occasionally parasitizes cats. Frequently on older longhaired cats unable to groom themselves.

scutum

A hard tick's shield like plate.

8, 6

Adult and nymph ticks have ___ legs while larvae have ___.

three-host

Type of hard tick that feeds and drops to the ground at each stage of their lives.

one-host

Type of hard tick that finds a host as larvae and stays on that host for their whole lives.

two-host

Type of hard tick that matures from larvae to nymphs on one host, then find a 2nd, larger host as adults

no

Can hard ticks jump or drop down on hosts?

red mange

Caused by mites. Localized form; a small patch (or patches) of alopecia, skin can be slightly crusty; it can heal without treatment • Generalized form; large areas of the dog's skin; a more severe form but, in dogs under 1 yr, recovery can be complete; adult.

walking dandruff

Caused by mites. Very contagious (animal communities) • Human infestation is frequent. Scaling, a dorsal distribution, pruritus (none to severe) • Cats: dorsal crusting or generalized miliary (resembling millet seeds) dermatitis Asymptomatic carriers may exist.

dysphonia

Disorder of voice.

no

Do infected dogs always show signs of irritation at the tick bite site?

bacterial infections

Ears infested by mites are susceptible to ______.

animal, environment

Effective flea control treatment should target the ___ and its ____.

sialosis

Excessive drooling.

hematophagous

Feed on blood.

direct contact

How are lice transmitted?

topicals, rinses, collars, pharmaceutical tick preventatives, avoiding outdoor areas that harbor ticks, can get vx against tick diseases

How can you control ticks?

ear cytology

How can you diagnose ear mites?

acetate tape, superficial skin scrapes, flea combing

How can you diagnose walking dandruff?

skin scraping

How do you diagnose mange?

skin scraping

How do you diagnose sarcoptic mange?

use tweezers to grab tick close to skin, slowly pull straight out

How do you remove a tick?

localized

In this form of red mange- a small patch (or patches) of alopecia, skin can be slightly crusty; it can heal without treatment

generalized

In this form of red mange- large areas of the dog's skin; a more severe form but, in dogs under 1 yr, recovery can be complete; adult dog: debilitating/neoplastic diseases

no

Is red mange itchy?

yes

Is sarcoptic mange itchy?

dogs

Is tick paralysis more commonly seen in dogs or cats?

tapeworm

Lice are intermediates hosts of what?

flea dirt

Looks like small, black dandruff. Can place on wet paper towel and will turn red/reddish brown color.

lower motor neuron paralysis

May be a result of tick bite paralysis. a loss of voluntary movement (a disease of the nerves that connect the spinal cord and muscles).

hematoma

May be caused on the ear flap by ear mites. A bruise or blood clot under the skin.

sarcoptic mange

More common in dogs than cats • INTENSE ITCHING (hypersensitivity to mite products); highly contagious • Direct contact: infected animal/fomites (grooming tools) • Transmitted to humans (zoonosis): intense itch and rash; self limiting unless there is constant re-infection by contact with an infected pet. • Intensive scratching, hair loss, inflamed skin (ears), leg joints and throat • Diagnosis: deep skin scraping

mites

Normal inhabitants of dog skin. Typically acquired from dam while suckling. Most pups will not show any clinical symptoms; if they do, most cases resolve before 1 yr of age.

asphyxia

Respiratory muscle paralysis.

tick paralysis

Salivary neurotoxin produced by certain species of female tick • Lower motor neuron paralysis: a loss of voluntary movement (a disease of the nerves that connect the spinal cord and muscles) • With lower motor neuron paralysis the muscles stay in an apparent state of relaxation. • Symptoms: ~ 6-9 days after a tick attached to the dog; seasonal disease (summer time) • More commonly seen in dogs than in cats; US cat appear to have a resistance to the tick toxin. http://www.aqob.com.au/details.php?p_id=454

scratching ears, shaking head, dark wax

Signs of ear mites.

nests, burrows, drop down

Soft ticks generally live in animals' ____ or ___ or ____ on hosts.

suppress

Some ticks have adapted to ______ the host animal's response, making their bites relatively painless.

flea allergy dermatitis (FAD)/flea bite hypersensitivity

Very itchy disease that can lead to secondary skin infections. • Fleas inject saliva that contains a variety irritating and/or allergy-causing substances (e.g. histamine-like compounds, enzymes, polypeptides, amino acids) • Pets are not allergic to the fleas themselves. • The bite of only one flea can cause a severe reaction to an allergic animal.

• Severe itching • Chewing and biting of the tail, rump, back legs and occasionally front legs • Lick granuloma from chewing • Excessive hair loss • Small red papules with reddish-brown crusts • Hot spots

What are flea allergy dermatitis symptoms?

rub, bite, scratch area, rough and matted coat

What are signs of a lice infestation?

Intensive scratching, hair loss, inflamed skin (ears), leg joints and throat

What are signs of sarcoptic mange?

inability to vocalize normally, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, grunting, regurgitation, vomiting, dilated pupils, coughing and gagging due to an inability to swallow

What are signs of tick paralysis?

lyme, ehrilicia, anaplasma, RMSF, bartonella, babesia

What are some diseases ticks can transfer?

mites, fleas, ticks

What are the most common external parasites in pets?

hard, soft

What are the two categories of ticks?

biting, sucking

What are the two types of dog louse?

warmth, physical contact, odors

What attracts ticks to animals?

bull's eye

What do a lot of tick bites end up looking like?

tone of muscles

What do the lower motor neurons in the periphery of the CNS contol?

movement

What do the upper motor neurons, in the brain, control?

infestation in the house, sting people, need to treat entire house

What happens if you don't control fleas?

flea eradication

What is the main therapy for fleas?

pupae

What is the most difficult stage of the flea to kill?

saliva

What part of the flea are some animals allergic to, causing them to scratch?

mouthparts

What ticks use to pierce their hosts' skin and extract blood,

walking dandruff, sarcoptic mange

What two zoonotic disease are spread by mites?

send to lab

What you should do after removing a tick?

sarcoptic

Which mange is itchy?

sarcoptic

Which mange is zoonotic?

animals can be allergic, can itch until they bleed, fleas can spread to home and humans, serve as vectors of disease

Why is it important to control fleas?

mange, walking dandruff, hematomas caused by ear mites, bacterial infections caused by earmites, zoonosis (s. mange and w. dandruff)

Why should mites be controlled?

can carry infectious diseases to animals and people

Why should ticks be controlled?

irritation to the skin around the area of the bite, itchiness, head-shaking (ears), sometimes even paralysis • Fever, appetite loss, pain, lethargy and depression

signs of tick bites

anemia

An extreme infestation of lice can lead to what?

FAD

The following are symptoms of what? • Severe itching • Chewing and biting of the tail, rump, back legs and occasionally front legs • Lick granuloma from chewing • Excessive hair loss • Small red papules with reddish-brown crusts • Hot spots

fleas

The most common cause of itching in dogs and cats.

soft

These ticks do not have a scutum; the only parts of it you can see when you look at it from above are its back and legs.

hard

These ticks have a shield-like plate ("scutum") that covers part of its back. If you look at a hard tick from top down: capitulum, which looks like a head.

6-9

Tick bite paralysis symptoms typically occur how many days after a tick attaches to the dog?

questing

Tick stretching clawed limbs outward and waiting for host to pass by and hang onto it.

ear mites

Tiny parasites on the skin ear canals (dogs, cats). Survive by feeding off the lining of the ear canal: inflammation and the build-up of waxy debris.


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