Fall Anatomy Final Units 1, 6, 7
Surgery of the spinal cord most often involves cutting of the
Lamina
Which of the following is a classification of bone
Long
The heart is _____ to the lungs
Medial
Which of the following can be found cervical vertebrae only
Multiple foramina
When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
Negative feedback
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body
Which of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?
Nervous
Lateral to the coronoid process, the radial _____ accommodates the head of the radius in the radioulnar joint.
Notch
Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe
One body part in relation to another
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.
Organ
Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? (appendicular)
Pectoral girdle
Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
Pedal
This serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs.
Peritoneum
All of the following are short bones except...
Phalanges
The study of function is to _____ as the study of form is to anatomy.
Physiology
Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse.
Pleura
Compared with that of females, the male coccyx
Points more anteriorly
The fibula
Proves lateral stability to the ankle
The major function of the intervertebral foramina is
Providing a passageway for nerves
Which of these is a forearm bone
Radius
A lack of exercise could
Result in porous and weak bones
The right pleural cavity contains the
Right lung
The liver is primarily located in the ______ quadrant
Right upper
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.
Risk of infection
Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton
Sacrum
Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? (Axial)
Sacrum
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Sagittal
The three sides of this bone form a broad triangle
Scapula
The carpal bones are examples of _______ bones
Short
Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
Skeletal
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a
Spiral fracture
________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on the muscles
Spongy
The two types of skeletal tissue are
Spongy and compact bone
Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?
Sternum
Which of the following is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Sternum - clavicle
The _____ of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint
Styloid process
Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the
Subscapular fossa
The corners of the scapula include
Superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle
Humans normally have ________ pairs of ribs.
12
The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae
12
Each one of the coxal bones is formed by the fusion of ______ bones
3
Average body temperature is _______ degrees centigrade.
37
The vertebral column contains _______ lumbar vertebrae
5
Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have ________ cervical vertebrae.
7
How many bones make up the axial skeleton
80
The scapula is roughly triangular in shape. Which of the following are correct terms for the borders?
A and C; superior and lateral border
Bone structure is determined by which of the following?
All of the above
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
All of the above
Which of the following may contribute to the breaking of a bone?
All of the above
While standing in the anatomical position...
All of the above
Which of the following statements characteristics bones and bone tissues
All of the above apply to the living bone
Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has
All of the above; is wider, broader pubic arch, enlarged public outlet
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:
Anterior
The structure of the os coxa that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the
Anterior superior iliac spine
The following is the simplest level of organization
Atoms
The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.
Axial
The dens is a part of the
Axis
During appositional growth...
Bones grow wider
The costal groove
Both A and B: is located on the inferior surface, marks the path of blood vessels
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following
Brain
Which type of vertebra has a transverse foramen
Cervical
_______ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin
Closed
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
Communication
The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a
Condyle
What is the regional term for the hip region
Coxal
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ______ system.
Digestive
The wrist is _____ to the elbow
Distal
The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _______ system.
Endocrine
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be
Enhancement of labor contractions
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
Epiphyseal plate
Thoracic vertebrae differ from the others in that they have
Facets for attachment of ribs
In anatomical position, the _______
Feed are slightly apart, and the toes point forward
The largest bone of the lower limb is the
Femur
The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the
Femur
The pelvic girdle does not include the
Femur
What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?
Femur
The lateral malleolus is found on the
Fibula
Which of the following bones is not weight bearing
Fibula
A rib is an example of a ________ bone.
Flat
The scapula is an example of what type of bone
Flat
A hole through a bone is termed a ___________
Foramen
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it
Foreamen
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions
Frontal
Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks
Gluteal
Which of these features is located near the proximal end of the humerous
Greater tubercle
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?
Greenstick
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.
Gross
Which of the following bone markings helps form joints
Head
A midsagittal section would pass through the
Heart
The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed
Homeostasis
The chin is ____ to the nose
Inferior
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?
The lumbar region
What makes up the axial skeleton
The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Wolff's law is concerned with __________.
The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
The term femoral pertains to the
Thigh
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the _____ system.
Urinary
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.
Water
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male pelvis
angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees
Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called
articulations
The divisions of the skeletal system include (the)
axial and appendicular
The true ribs are
both A and B: ribs 1-7, also called vertebrosternal ribs
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
cardiovascular
Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle
clavicles and scapulae
The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the
coronoid fossa
The surface feature present along the lateral border of the shaft of the humerus is the
deltoid tuberosity
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
A deep hollow on a bone is termed a
fossa
In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?
frontal/coronal
The largest nerve in the body passes through the
greater sciatic notch
The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
The greater sciatic notch is a feature on the
ilium
The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the
laminae
The clavicle articulates with the scapula
laterally with the acromion
A structure found on the femur is the
linea aspera
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
maintain homeostasis
The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the
manubrium
Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is
more robust, adapted for weight bearing
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest
organism, system, organ, tissue, cells
A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into unequal left and right halves is known as this type of plane
parasagittal
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is the
periosteum
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
the person was prepubertal
The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the
trochanter
Which of the following bones is classified as irregular in shape?
vertebra
The inferiormost part of the sternum is the
xiphoid process