Fall Anatomy Final Units 1, 6, 7

Surgery of the spinal cord most often involves cutting of the

Lamina

Which of the following is a classification of bone

Long

The heart is _____ to the lungs

Medial

Which of the following can be found cervical vertebrae only

Multiple foramina

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

Negative feedback

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body

Which of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

Nervous

Lateral to the coronoid process, the radial _____ accommodates the head of the radius in the radioulnar joint.

Notch

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

One body part in relation to another

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

Organ

Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? (appendicular)

Pectoral girdle

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

Pedal

This serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs.

Peritoneum

All of the following are short bones except...

Phalanges

The study of function is to _____ as the study of form is to anatomy.

Physiology

Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse.

Pleura

Compared with that of females, the male coccyx

Points more anteriorly

The fibula

Proves lateral stability to the ankle

The major function of the intervertebral foramina is

Providing a passageway for nerves

Which of these is a forearm bone

Radius

A lack of exercise could

Result in porous and weak bones

The right pleural cavity contains the

Right lung

The liver is primarily located in the ______ quadrant

Right upper

Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.

Risk of infection

Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton

Sacrum

Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? (Axial)

Sacrum

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

Sagittal

The three sides of this bone form a broad triangle

Scapula

The carpal bones are examples of _______ bones

Short

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

Skeletal

A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a

Spiral fracture

________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on the muscles

Spongy

The two types of skeletal tissue are

Spongy and compact bone

Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?

Sternum

Which of the following is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Sternum - clavicle

The _____ of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint

Styloid process

Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the

Subscapular fossa

The corners of the scapula include

Superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle

Humans normally have ________ pairs of ribs.

12

The vertebral column contains ________ thoracic vertebrae

12

Each one of the coxal bones is formed by the fusion of ______ bones

3

Average body temperature is _______ degrees centigrade.

37

The vertebral column contains _______ lumbar vertebrae

5

Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have ________ cervical vertebrae.

7

How many bones make up the axial skeleton

80

The scapula is roughly triangular in shape. Which of the following are correct terms for the borders?

A and C; superior and lateral border

Bone structure is determined by which of the following?

All of the above

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

All of the above

Which of the following may contribute to the breaking of a bone?

All of the above

While standing in the anatomical position...

All of the above

Which of the following statements characteristics bones and bone tissues

All of the above apply to the living bone

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has

All of the above; is wider, broader pubic arch, enlarged public outlet

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:

Anterior

The structure of the os coxa that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the

Anterior superior iliac spine

The following is the simplest level of organization

Atoms

The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.

Axial

The dens is a part of the

Axis

During appositional growth...

Bones grow wider

The costal groove

Both A and B: is located on the inferior surface, marks the path of blood vessels

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following

Brain

Which type of vertebra has a transverse foramen

Cervical

_______ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin

Closed

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

Condyle

What is the regional term for the hip region

Coxal

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ______ system.

Digestive

The wrist is _____ to the elbow

Distal

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _______ system.

Endocrine

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

Enhancement of labor contractions

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood

Epiphyseal plate

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the others in that they have

Facets for attachment of ribs

In anatomical position, the _______

Feed are slightly apart, and the toes point forward

The largest bone of the lower limb is the

Femur

The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the

Femur

The pelvic girdle does not include the

Femur

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

Femur

The lateral malleolus is found on the

Fibula

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing

Fibula

A rib is an example of a ________ bone.

Flat

The scapula is an example of what type of bone

Flat

A hole through a bone is termed a ___________

Foramen

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it

Foreamen

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions

Frontal

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks

Gluteal

Which of these features is located near the proximal end of the humerous

Greater tubercle

Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?

Greenstick

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

Gross

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints

Head

A midsagittal section would pass through the

Heart

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

Homeostasis

The chin is ____ to the nose

Inferior

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

The lumbar region

What makes up the axial skeleton

The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Wolff's law is concerned with __________.

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

The term femoral pertains to the

Thigh

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the _____ system.

Urinary

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________.

Water

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male pelvis

angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called

articulations

The divisions of the skeletal system include (the)

axial and appendicular

The true ribs are

both A and B: ribs 1-7, also called vertebrosternal ribs

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

cardiovascular

Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle

clavicles and scapulae

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the

coronoid fossa

The surface feature present along the lateral border of the shaft of the humerus is the

deltoid tuberosity

The shaft of a long bone is called the

diaphysis

A deep hollow on a bone is termed a

fossa

In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?

frontal/coronal

The largest nerve in the body passes through the

greater sciatic notch

The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

The greater sciatic notch is a feature on the

ilium

The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the

laminae

The clavicle articulates with the scapula

laterally with the acromion

A structure found on the femur is the

linea aspera

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

maintain homeostasis

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the

manubrium

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is

more robust, adapted for weight bearing

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest

organism, system, organ, tissue, cells

A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into unequal left and right halves is known as this type of plane

parasagittal

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is the

periosteum

If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

the person was prepubertal

The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the

trochanter

Which of the following bones is classified as irregular in shape?

vertebra

The inferiormost part of the sternum is the

xiphoid process