FAM 104 Module 3

Describe the overall purposes of the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), and Space Systems Command (SSC), Air Force Life Cycle Management Center(AFLCMC), Air Force Sustainment Center (AFSC), Air Force Test Center(AFTC), Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center (AFNWC), Air Force Research Lab(AFRL), and Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC)

1. Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC): AFMC is considered the primary acquisition command, for non-space systems, which was formedin July 1992 by the combining of Air Force Systems Command and Air Force Logistics Command. 2. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center(AFLCMC): AFLCMC focuses on acquisition and productsupport for Air Force weapon systems to meet operation needs in a cost effective and timelymanner. AFLCMC also oversees Foreign Military Sales (FMS 3. Air Force Sustainment Center (AFSC): AFSC is responsible for the operations support portion of life-cycle management, toinclude oversight of three Air Logistics Complexes located at Hill AFB, Robins AFB, and TinkerAFB, as well as a supply chain management. 4. Air Force Test Center(AFTC): AFTC conducts developmental testing and evaluationof air, space, and cyber systems. 5. Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center (AFNWC): The AFNWC mission is to ensure safe, secure, and effectivenuclear capabilities for the warfighter. 6. Air Force Research Lab(AFRL): AFRL focuses on technology development, and we willdiscuss this more in the Science and Technology chapter. 7. Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center (AFIMSC): AFIMSC is responsible for installationand mission support functions throughout the Air Force. It oversees all the Air Base Wing or Groupfunctions and handles functions such as Civil Engineering, Installation Contracting, SecurityForces, Financial Management and Services, and Air Force Service activities.

Identify the three categories for software maintenance

1. Corrective maintenance involves fixing problems ("bugs") with the existing softwaresystem. These can be new bugs found while in operation or known bugs having beendeferred to future maintenance releases. 2. Adaptive maintenance involves updating software due to an external change. This can comefrom hackers finding new ways to exploit systems, interface changes, operating systemchanges, and software obsolesce. For example, sometimes Android and iPhone releasesbreak apps? The app developer then has to release an updated app to fix the problem. Thisis adaptive maintenance, and your maintenance plan has to account for these types ofchanges. 3. Perfective maintenance is the final category. This is simply planning for software updatesthat improve existing functionality and/or maintainability. This category does not includeadding new capabilities.

Describe the key elements of the process for accomplishing FMS

1. Country sends Letter of Request (LOR) to SAF/IA 2. a) SAF/IA acknowledges receipt, validates the LOR with help from the program office. b) Congress notified (if necessary) c) As required, AFSAC creates: Pricing and Availability Letter of Offer & Acceptance (LOA) 3. DSCA signs/sends LOA to country 4. Country sends signed copy of LOA to USG and sends a deposit to DFAS LOA must be signed prior to offer expiration date.

List the steps for building a Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)

1. Develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). At the lowest levels of the WBS are"work packages" which define what work must be accomplished to complete the program/project. Building a PMB starts with these work packages. 2. Schedule the work. Each work package is scheduled, taking into consideration any dependencies or resource constraints. Ultimately, the goal of this step is to lay out a schedule providing start and stop dates for every work package. 3. Allocate the budget. Each work package will need a cost estimate which is essentially a budget for that package. The schedule combined with allocated budget establishes the Performance Measurement Baseline.

Identify common ethics violations

1. Gifts from Contractors (20/50 rule) 2. Financial Conflicts 3. Impartiality Issues

Describe the roles (as they pertain to the acquisition community) of the President,Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Secretary of the Air Force (SAF), the Air Staff (HQ USAF), Program Executive Officers(PEO), Program Managers (PM)

1. President: is responsible for approving domestic andforeign relations policies, national security and executive branch fiscal policies 2. Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD): Develops polices for the entire Department of Defense (DoD), prepares annual defense budget (asa part of the President's budget), has "organize, train and equip" responsibilities for the entireDoD, and oversees the Defense Acquisition System (DAS). 3. Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS): Military advisors to the President and the office where military requirements are approved as apart of the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS). Please see the chapter on JCIDS for more information. 4. Secretary of the Air Force (SAF): Within the Pentagon, the majority of U.S. Air Force acquisition policy and direction is from the Secretary of the Air Force (SecAF) and, more specifically, the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition (SAF/AQ). SAF/AQ is also the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA) for Acquisition Categories (ACAT) 1C programs (more on that later) 5. the Air Staff (HQ USAF): Major organization within the Pentagon which provides oversight and direction 6. Program Executive Officers(PEO): These PMs are responsible for the overall execution of the programs within their portfolio. Theyare the main stakeholder responsible for cost, schedule, and performance in a DoD acquisition program and/or portfolio. 7. Program Managers (PM): The link in the chain you are most likely to see. The PM is usually a Colonel or a senior civilian.The PM manages and executes the acquisition of a program or family of programs and are the single individual responsible for the life-cycle management of a system.

Define the three different types of modifications

1. Temporary-1 (T-1) (operational) modifications temporarily change the configuration of an item or system toperform a special mission, or to add or remove equipment to provide increased capability for a special mission. 2. Temporary-2 (T-2) (test) modifications are used to evaluate, demonstrate, or exercise the technical performance, operational effectiveness, and/or the operational suitability of developmental and/or test materiel (hardware, firmware and software) capabilities 3. Permanent (P) modifications are the largest class of modifications. These modifications makepermanent changes to correct safety or material deficiencies, improve reliability andmaintainability, or to add or remove capability.

List the major players involved in FMS

1. The President 2. Secretary of State 3. Secretary of Defense 4. Congress 5. Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) 6. Security Cooperation Office 7. Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force for International Affairs (SAF/IA) 8. Air Force Security Assistance and Cooperation (AFSAC) Directorate 9. Air Force Security Assistance Training (AFSAT) 10. Security Assistance Program Manager (SAPM)

Describe how ACATs are used for program reporting

ACAT ID programshave large, planned expenditures and usually have a high level of cost, schedule and technical riskswhich require DoD-level oversight by the DAE. The DAE is the Under Secretary of Defense forAcquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD (AT&L)). ACAT IC programs are those that havelarge planned expenditures, but do not require DoD-level oversight and are reviewed by the CAE.For the Department of the Air Force, AFI 63- 101 para 2.2, we use the terminology ServiceAcquisition Executive (SAE) to mean the same thing as the CAE. In the case of the Air Force, ourSAE (a.k.a. CAE) is the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition) (SAF/AQ).

Recognize what criteria determine a program's acquisition category (ACAT)

Acquisition programs, or projects,are assigned an AcquisitionCategory (ACAT) based on dollarvalue and Milestone DecisionAuthority (MDA) special interest(see Table 25-1 and 25-2).

Describe what is reviewed and decided at Milestone A

At MS A, the MDA approves: 1. The materiel solution determination 2. Plan for TMRR Phase 3. Release of the final RFP 4. Exit criteria to complete TMRR and enter Engineering and Manufacturing Development(EMD) In order to make the various approval decisions, the MDA will review a number of documents andother evidence to ensure the development is ready to proceed: 1. ICD 2. AoA results 3. Consideration of technological issues 4. Certification requirements and economic analysis for Major Automated Information Systems (MAIS)

Recognize the purpose of EVMS terms (eq. BCWS, BCWP, ACWP, BAC, EAC,PMB, SV, CV, SPI, CPI, TCPI)

Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS)(Planned Value): the estimated cost/budget for a specific"work package." For example: the BCWS for the "Build Air Frame" work package inFigure 9-1 is $2M. PMB is the BCWS values allocated against a schedule. Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) (Actual Cost): what was actually spent performing the"work package". This will be information reported by the contractor or agency reportingEarned Value information. Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP) (Earned Value): a "metric" used in EVM to measure the amount of work completed. BCWP is calculated from BCWS—the value of a completed work package is equal to the original budgeted cost for the work package. At the end of the project, when all the work is completed, BCWP will always be equal to the total cumulative BCWS. It represents work accomplished in terms of dollars. Budget at Completion (BAC): Overall budget Estimate at Completion (EAC): To find out how much more funding will likely be needed to finish the program PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT BASELINE (PMB): the project plan compared against. Schedule Variance (SV): To determine if a work package is ahead or behind schedule Cost Variance (CV): To determine if a work package is over or under budget These indices can inform a PM on how "efficient" the contractor is performing: Schedule Performance Index (SPI) Cost Performance Index (CPI) To Complete Performance Index (TCPI): To know what it would take to stay on budget

Describe Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is an approach critically examining, rethinks, andredesigns business processes in order to achieve dramatic process improvements (per the DoDDeputy Chief Management Office's website, http://dcmo.defense.gov/products-and-services/business-process-reengineering/). BPR encompasses evaluating the current businessprocess end to end, and defining a desired end state irrespective of the current process. Thebusiness process models generated from the BPR effort are commonly called the "As-Is" model(for the current processes) and "To-Be" model (for the desired end state).

Recognize the importance of Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI)

CMMI is both a guide for improving an organization's process maturity, and a method of measuring how mature an organization's process is. Figure 24-9 CMMI, summarizes the five process maturity levels measured by CMMI

Identify the policy and procedures that apply to Information technology (IT) and Defense Business Systems (DBS)

Cybersecurity, DoDI 8500.01, is the overarching policy/procedure providing guidance on how to protect our IT systems. (Interoperability) Interim Authority To Connect (IATC) and/or Authority To Connect(ATC) prior to connecting to a DoD network or enclave. The key policy/procedure for this is DoDI 8330.01 DoD published DoDI 5000.75; Business Systems Requirements andAcquisition

Identify the purpose of the EMD phase and the main work efforts

Develop, build, and test a material solution to verify requirements and support production decisions. Work Efforts: 1. Design the system 2. Build the prototype 3. Test the prototype 4. Prepare for production, deployment, and sustainment

Explain the purpose of Milestone B

Entry point to EMD and program initiation

Describe the role of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

GAO:The GAO is an agency of Congress created by the Budget andAccounting Act of 1921, and is part of the legislative branch of the Federal Government. VariousActs and law provisions passed over the years expanded GAO's functions and authorized theComptroller General to examine or review the management, programs, activities, and financialoperations of the Federal Government. The GAO conducts audits and investigations, and issuesreports to committees and often reviews data submitted in support of budget requests, andexamines alternatives. The GAO examines the manner in which Government agencies use andcontrol funds appropriated by Congress and those non-appropriated funds generated within theDoD Components. In essence, GAO is the financial watchdog for Congress. CBO: The Congressional Budget Office is a non-partisan agency designed to provide Congress withinformation and analyses needed for making informed decisions about budget policy and nationalpriorities. The CBO prepares economic forecasts and policy analyses on the effects of proposedplans on the federal budget. Specific areas of responsibility for the CBO fall into three categories:(1) Monitoring the economy and estimating the impact of government actions upon it, (2)improving the flow and quality of budget information, and (3) analyzing the costs and effects ofalternative budget choices.

Describe Government Property and its advantages

Government Property includes all property owned or leased by the Government; these items are in the possession of, or directly acquired by the Government, and then made available to the contractor for their accountability. Contractors are ordinarily required to give all property necessary to perform Government contracts, but sometimes it is in our best interest to supply property.

Define Initial Operational Capability (IOC) and Full Operational Capability (FOC)

IOC: the first realization of the capability to effectively employ a weapon,item of equipment, or system of approved specific characteristics with the appropriate number,type, and mix of trained and equipped personnel necessary to operate, maintain, and support the system. FOC: FOC is attained when all units and/or organizations scheduled to receive a system have obtained it and have the ability to employ and maintain it.

Sequentially list the phases, decision points, and milestones that are part of presystems acquisition

MDD, MSA, Milestone A, TMRR, Preliminary Design Review, Capability Development Document (CDD) Validation, Development Request for Proposoal (RFP) Release Decision, Milestone B Preparation

Describe the purpose, content, and importance of the Materiel Solution Analysis Phase

Purpose: to assess potential materiel solutions and to satisfy the phase-specific entrance criteria for the next program milestone designated by the MDA (depending on technology maturity) Content: conduct analysis and other activities needed to choose the concept for the production to be acquired, to begin translating valid capability gaps into system-specific requirements including the Key Performance Parameters (KPPs), and to conduct planning to support decisions on the acquisition strategy for a product. Importance: This phase helps us access the affordability of the program and enables us to analyze costs. It facilitates early systems engineering analysis, threat projections, market research, and sustainment considerations.

Describe the purpose, content, and importance of the Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction Phase

Purpose: to reduce technology, engineering, integration, and life cycle cost risk to the point that a decision to contract for EMD can be made with confidence in successful program execution for development, production, and sustainment Content: the program manger should conduct risk reduction activities and ensure technology is mature (Technology Readiness Level 6 or higher

Define the importance and uses of production metrics

SPO personnel use as indicators of problems with the contractor's quality, delivery status, and cost

Explain the importance of security assistance and FMS

Security Assistance: a group of programs, authorized by law, that allows the transfer of military articles & services to friendly foreign governments FMS: Primary means to transfer defense articles.

Describe the overall modification management process

Step 1 - Identifying the Need for Modifications Step 2 - Documenting the Need Step 3 - Board Actions (CRB and CCB) Step 4 - Implementing Modifications

Describe the purpose of Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP), Test Plans,Program Introduction Document (PID), and Statement of Capability (SOC)

TEMP:The purpose of the TEMP is to integrate the requirements, acquisition, T&E, systems engineering,and sustainment strategies with all T&E schedules, funding, and resources. Test Plans: Test plans give the "who, what, when, where, and how" for the daily execution of testing. PID: The PID is written by the PM. Its purpose is to formally introduce the test program to the LDTO. SOC:The SOC is the LDTO's response to the PID. It includes the cost of the test program at the LDTO'ssite and the proposed program schedule.

Explain the purpose of the Critical Design Review (CDR)

The CDR assesses design maturity, design build-to or code-to documentation, and remaining risks and establishes the initial product baseline. It will be used as the decision point that the system design is ready to begin developmental prototype hardware fabrication or software coding with acceptable risk.

Describe the role of the Budget Committees

The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 set forth a new foundation forbudget decisions in the Congress by reorganizing the budget cycle and creating three neworganizational entities: the Budget Committees of the House and Senate, and the CongressionalBudget Office (CBO).The Senate Budget Committee (SBC) and the House Budget Committee (HBC) are not directlyinvolved in the authorization and appropriation processes; however, they do influence theenactment of the DoD budget by establishing overall budgetary goals for the military budget. TheBudget Committees set revenue targets and outlay ceilings by continuously studying the effects ofbudget outlays and proposed legislation. The committees report the results of such studies to theHouse and Senate on a recurring basis. They also consider legislation from the AppropriationsCommittee and other committees

Describe the role of the Appropriation Committees

The House Appropriations Committee (HAC) and Senate Appropriations Committee (SAC) havejurisdiction over the appropriation of the revenue for the support of the Government. They are responsible for all aspects of government spending, including the Department of Defense. TheHAC and SAC take the authorized DoD programs and appropriate, or assign, specific amounts ofmoney to be used by each program. These are the funds you will actually have available to spendon your program.

Describe the purposes of T&E

The overarching functions of T&E are to mature system designs, manage risks, identify and helpresolve deficiencies as early as possible, assist in reducing unintended cost increases during thelife cycle of a system, and ensure systems are operationally mission capable. T&E providesknowledge of system design, capabilities, and limitations to the acquisition community to improvesystem performance before production and deployment, and to the user community for optimizingsystem operations and sustainment after production and deployment.

Describe the purpose of Integrated Test Teams (ITT)

The primary forum for coordinating the test program is the Integrated Test Team (ITT).

Describe the role of the Armed Services Committees

The program office team isprimarily concerned with how they "authorize" programs. The committees authorize programs byreviewing the programs submitted by the Department of Defense as part of the Planning,Programming, Budgeting, and Execution System (PPBE) process. (The PPBE process will becovered in more detail in another lesson.) The program authorization is a two-fold process. Whena program is "authorized," congress is allowing DoD to have that program, but there is no moneyin the budget for the program yet. The second aspect of authorization is a funding ceiling. As theprogram moves from authorization to appropriations, the request for budgetary funding requestcannot exceed the limits set by the funding ceiling in the Authorizations Act. Assigning specificamounts of money to each program is the task of the appropriations committees.

Given a scenario (existing PMB with actual cost/EVMS data), perform appropriate calculations, accurately interpret project cost and schedule variances and indexes.

Use equations from Lesson 22

Describe the waterfall, incremental, and agile software development life cycle models

Waterfall Model: Being the first recognized SDLC model, the Waterfall model provided a very structured processplacing emphasis on upfront documentation during early development phases. The concept behindthe Waterfall model is simple: capture/document all requirements before proceeding into design,complete the design documents before coding, complete coding before integration and test,complete testing (and validate the system) before fielding the system (Figure 24-3). Incremental: Incremental model is simple, take a large system with a large set of requirement, and break it intoseveral smaller releases called increments. Instead ofhaving a large/expensive program taking years to field, you now have several smaller moremanageable increments to develop. This reduces program risk, reduces design complexity, allowsfor quicker delivery of capabilities, and reduces the amount of funds needed per program (i.e.making it easier to request for funds.) Agile: The Agilemodel makes significant departure from the standard development approach. Agile deemphasizescomprehensive documentation (i.e. capturing all the requirements and design upfront), and shiftsthe focus to coding and working software instead. Emphasis is also placed on customercollaboration and requirement changes are encouraged. This model embraces software'sdevelopment flexibility to directly address software's requirement challenges.

Describe program reporting

a timely assessment anda form of communicating information for defining, managing, and monitoring a program's healthand status throughout its life cycle. Reporting serves several purposes as identified in AFI 63-101/20-101, Integrated Life Cycle Management, to include Test and Evaluation, Logistics HealthAssessment, Will-Cost and Should-Cost, Should-Schedule, Urgent Capability Acquisition, andMonthly Acquisition Reports (just to name a few).

Define learning curve theory

as the quantity of a product doubles, the man-hours per unit expended producing the product decrease at a fixed rate or constant percentage

List who to contact if you have an ethics question and identify the DoD ethics regulation

contact the Judge Advocate General (JAG) DoD 5500.07-R, Joint Ethics Regulation (JER)

Describe the responsibilities of key personnel and organizations involved with T&E

see text

Describe the Materiel Development Decision

the entry point into the Defense Acquisition System and the Materiel Solution Analysis phase.

Differentiate between Developmental Test and Evaluation (DT&E) and OperationalTest and Evaluation (OT&E)

the main purpose of DT&E is to provide essential development-related information to decision-makers. OT&E is defined as: 1) the field test, under realistic combat conditions, of any item of (or keycomponent of) weapons, equipment, or munitions for the purpose of determining the effectivenessand suitability of the weapons, equipment, or munitions for use in combat by typical military users;and the evaluation of the results of such test. (Title 10 §139(a) (2)) testing and evaluation conducted in as realistic an operational environment as possible to estimate the prospective system's operational effectiveness and operational suitability

Define system turnover and key user concerns

the point in time when the operating command formally accepts responsibility and accountability from the acquiring command for the operation and organizational maintenance of the system or equipment acquired.

Describe the purpose of Milestone C

to authorize entry into the P&D phase(limited deployment)

Identify the purpose of Acceptance Testing, First Article Testing, and Hardware Quality Audits

to identify and eliminate production flaws such as badsoldering/welding, poor seal installation, etc. Acceptance: Acceptance testing is conducted on every delivered system and may be a limited functional test toensure each system is properly working. It is important because it is the point where theGovernment accepts ownership and responsibility of the system and also serve as the starting pointfor the warranty coverage. First Article: First article testing may be appropriate when: 1. The manufacturer has not previously built the product 2. The manufacturer has built the product, but the design has changed, and/or the processes or facility have changed, or production has been discontinued for an extended period Hardware: If an on-going production program begins to experience quality problems with delivered products,hardware quality audits may be used to help "re-validate" the product and identify and correct someof the process problems.

Explain the purpose of the Production and Deployment phase

to produce and deliver requirements- compliant products toreceiving military organizations.