Family Resource Management
The theory or perspective that links science with the lives of families and suggests that change and growth occur through experiences with the outside system is ______. family strengths perspective family ecological theory systems theory feminist perspective
Family ecological theory
The theory or perspective that focuses not on just solving problems but emphasizing what is working well in the family is ______. family development theory family strengths perspective feminist perspective family ecological theory
Family strengths perspective
In 19th-century America, some groups experimented with different forms of families that included ______. single-parent families polygyny communes same-sex marriage
Polygyny
Family resource management includes all of the following EXCEPT ______. a) an effort to meet the basic needs of those in the family b) interdependency of individuals c) an understanding of the monetary exchange system d) a dynamic environment
an understanding of the monetary exchange system
Plans that require the support of family members are vulnerable to ______. attitudes and behaviors of the member the power structure of the family the income of the family the number of people involved
attitudes and behaviors of the member
Sales taxes are imposed on consumer purchases by ______. states and cities county governments the federal government city governments over 20,000 population
States and cities
An example of the second level as one moves up Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs would be ______. a padlock love a promotion an apartment
a padlock
The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals focus on all global human needs EXCEPT ______. addressing childhood mortality access to technology access to primary education reducing hunger
access to technology
The distribution of responsibility across family members for the success of any plan should follow general guidelines of ______. communication affect regulation accountability motivation
accountability
Brian is upset with his mother's decision to ground him after he was caught lying. He refused to speak to her all evening and did not give her his usual goodnight kiss. Brian is using what kind of resources to increase his power over her? affective cognitive normative personal
affective
The bloated, sluggish, and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses is a definition of ______. affluenza entitlement capitalism wealth
affluenza
In a discussion of worldview, all of the following assumptions were made by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck in comparing the value systems between cultural groups EXCEPT ______. a) several solutions are possible within a possible range b) all cultural groups have the same basic values c) alternative solutions are present but each society has preferences d) there is a limited number of common human problems that need a solution
all cultural groups have the same basic values
Components of corporate social responsibility include all the following EXCEPT ______. allocating a certain portion of profits to charity maintaining the health and safety of workers production of a quality product protecting the resources of our planet
allocating a certain portion of profits to charity
Resource identification to meet family needs is guided by all of the following EXCEPT ______. a) culture b) accessibility c) ambiguity d) availability
ambiguity
An example of the lowest level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs would be ______. love a padlock an apartment a promotion
an apartment
Expressions of how we feel about something or a reflection of values is ______. an accomplishment education homogamy an attitude
an attitude
In group situations, a plan of action may be implemented and members are asked to generate possible solutions. This approach is known as______. brainstorming sequencing multitasking adapting
brainstorming
According to Vickers, the third era of household production and consumption patterns was a focus on ______. changing roles of men and women invention and production of goods and services interconnection among family, home, and society how the family or business unit operates within a greater system
changing roles of men and women
Social Security taxes are used for all EXCEPT ______. disability benefits retirement benefits survivor benefits childcare benefits
childcare benefits
Bill and Suzanne are having a conflict that has become a contest between them. Fitzpatrick would view this interaction as ______. complementary interaction neutralized symmetry submissive symmetry competitive symmetry
competitive symmetry
The theory where individuals attempt to bring their attitudes into alignment with their behaviors, especially when they cause personal or internal discomfort, is ______. dissonance theory self-perception theory situation theory systems theory
dissonance theory
Decisions to use technology are not only complex but are also ______. dynamic or ever-changing made by the next generation impossible to make too expensive for the average family
dynamic or ever-changing
Bethany's parents have a tendency to keep her from experiencing anything that is uncomfortable. After a recent move, they accompanied her to her new high school and did all the talking with her teachers and the guidance counselor. Bethany's ability to take responsibility may be hampered by her parents' ______. delayed gratification enabling intrinsic motivation mixed-motive situation
enabling
Adults who have not learned to express their emotions may choose to manage their emotions by ______. committing themselves to a mental health institution throwing a tantrum marrying someone who has no emotions engaging in risky behaviors
engaging in risky behaviors
When viewing public education in terms of supply and demand, the demand is guaranteed by the law and the supply is determined by ______. funding available through taxes quality of teachers equality of all who want education number of children of school age in the United States
funding available through taxes
Even though there are difficulties in family life, emotional wellness helps in understanding and expressing emotions. A way to successfully manage emotions is by doing all EXCEPT ______. getting a divorce being resilient and flexible having a good sense of humor improving self-esteem
getting a divorce
Something that one wishes to reach, or accomplish within a certain timeframe, is a(n) ______. worldview standard objective goal
goal
According to Galvin, communication is a symbolic, transactional process of creating and sharing ______. stories meanings problems needs
meanings
Legal costs of divorce have fallen as couples no longer need to prove the guilt of the other, and negotiations can take place in______. small claims court judge's office mediation church
mediation
When people in a group make different decisions than they would make if they were acting alone, it is known as ______. groupthink cautious shift group shift risky shift
group shift
What happens in groups when there is pressure to maintain unity and they ignore the thinking of the larger group? risky shift cautious shift group shift groupthink
groupthink
It is anticipated that over the next 40 years, class, racial, and regional differences will continue to increase and change family structures resulting in ______. highly educated upper middle class to be more marriage-centered higher population rates more divorces less educated lower class to be more marriage-centered
highly educated upper middle class to be more marriage-centered
According to Vickers, the first era of household production and consumption patterns was a focus on ______. changing roles of men and women how the family or business unit operates within a greater system invention and production of goods and services interconnection among family, home, and society
how the family or business unit operates within a greater system
The relationship between humans and nature is a worldview orientation that could include all of the following perspectives EXCEPT ______. a) humans are in harmony with nature b) humans have mastery over nature c) humans and nature are two separate spheres d) humans are dominated by nature
humans and nature are two separate spheres
According to Gresham's law of planning, established plans are shifted by ______. complexity of decision-making education will of the leader immediate needs
immediate needs
According to Rossi, the three primary sociodemographic variables that play a part in an individual's social responsibility include all EXCEPT ______. income sex education age
income
The resource characteristic that allows consumers to make decisions about how resources are used or exchanged is ______. manageability accessibility interchangeability transferability
manageability
The Theory or perspective that assumes that the family members are part of a group and function as a group is _______ A) social exchange theory B) symbolic interaction C) systems theory D) family strengths perspective
systems theory
According to Lamanna and Reidmann, the three core concepts that help to define the family include all EXCEPT ______. two or more people who are attached to the family people who are related only by ancestry, marriage or adoption an economic unit that provides for its members people who are committed to maintaining the group over time
people who are related only by ancestry, marriage or adoption
The lowest level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is ______. physiological needs esteem needs safety needs self-actualization
physiological needs
Deutsch identified three principles of distributive justice of resources that includes all EXCEPT ______. principle of equality principle of equity principle of loss principle of need
principle of loss
Banking umbilical cord blood can be collected at birth and stored for possible future use; however, the practice raises ethical concerns of ______. privilege lifespan safety technique
privilege
Plans designed in consideration of anticipated events are known as ______. contingency plans reactive plans directional plans proactive plans
proactive plans
Ecolabels imply that food was ______. homegrown grown in an organic environment grown only on U.S. soil produced in an environmentally preferable way
produced in an environmentally preferable way
Ellen Richards influenced family resource management by the study of ______. sanitation, nutrition, and health economics efficiency organization and production
sanitation, nutrition, and health
Compared to previous decades, the average size of the U.S. household is ______. slightly smaller much smaller much larger slightly larger
slightly smaller
The third level as one moves up Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is ______. physiological needs social needs self-actualization esteem needs
social needs
As a result of cells taken from human embryos, medical research has the potential to extend renewing capabilities for several conditions, including spinal cord, injuries with ______. stem cell research blood bank donations euthanasia newborn screening
stem cell research
Non-monetary exchanges include all EXCEPT ______. time energy emotional support stocks and bonds
stocks and bonds
An example of social wellness would be ______. strong social ties to the community a well-paying job healthy food access to water
strong social ties to the community
When product inventory increases against a decreasing demand, the result is a(n) ______. shortage extra surplus substitute
surplus
Susan has an expensive work of art. Recently, she had to undergo emergency surgery and now has several large hospital bills. It may be difficult for her to get a fair price from her artwork by the time the bills are due. This problem illustrates the resource characteristic of ______. accessibility manageability transferability interchangeability
transferability
A current leadership style that is becoming more desired in the workplace where the leader empowers followers to work beyond their potential is ______ leadership. transactional laissez-faire multifactor transformational
transformational
Legal ramifications exist for children who do not attend school within the age limits of expected attendance. This non-attendance is also known as ______. delinquency compulsory performancy truancy
truancy
Avellar and Smock found that the wage gap between men and women may result because ______. women are mothers men have less commitment to their families women expect to earn less men have more education
women are mothers
The worldview orientation of human activity includes all of the following EXCEPT ______. a) success measured by external standards b) living only for the day c) working solely for the benefit of others d) achieving self-growth and improvement
working solely for the benefit of others
According to Cherlin and others, a dramatic shift in the transition to adulthood has resulted in individuals ______. getting married sooner waiting longer to get married choosing to be childless choosing not to go to college
waiting longer to get married
According to Dunn, an integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable is known as ______. interiority conservation wellness conservation
wellness
Recycling programs are most successful ______. among urban dwellers among middle-age or older consumers when they are convenient with those who live in smaller apartments or houses
when they are convienent
A word or phrase used to describe information overload in a world where information is continuously a part of our lives is ______. information overload technostress cyber depression cyber stress
-
Employers must provide all these benefits EXCEPT ______. Medicare unemployment insurance funds retirement benefits Social Security
-
Inflation is more likely to negatively impact which one of the following? a young couple with entry-level jobs a middle-aged factory worker an elderly couple living on a pension a retired executive
-
Robin makes a decision to leave her position as a copy editor when her first child is born. An example of the opportunity costs for this decision is ______. health benefits the salary that she will lose contributing to her 401(k) retirement plan missing out on the next internal promotion
-
When family income increases, their food expenditures usually ______. decreases slightly increases dramatically stays the same increases slightly
-
The rates of childlessness have increased. This represents what percentage of women in their early forties? 30% 20% 5% 10%
20%
The average amount of water that Americans use per day is ______ billion gallons. 130 680 355 10
355
According to Williams, Hudman, and O'Malley, money spent on basic living expenses for low-income families represents ______. 5 out of 10 dollars 9 out of 10 dollars all of their income 7 out of 10 dollars
7 out of 10 dollars
The number of working women who have children between the ages of 6 and 17 is approximately ______. 50% 25% 75% 90%
75%
Since the depression of the 1930s, the government has gathered information from families in an effort to provide guidelines to compare expenditures using ______. a maintenance budget education and training family financial planning a cost of living scale
A cost of living scale
Lamanna and Riedman suggest three emerging options for childbearing that include all EXCEPT ______. remaining child-free having only one child postponing parenthood adoption
Adoption
Isabella Beeton's Book of Household Managementpresents all the following Principles of Good Management EXCEPT ______. apply scientific principles set an example and provide clear guidance to staff control finances carefully strive for order and method in management
Apply scientific principles
An example of a variable expense would be ______. electricity rent a car loan renter's insurance
Electricity
The consumer credit statute that protects consumers from credit discrimination on the basis of sex, race, marital status, religion, national origin, age, or receipt of public assistance is the ______. Fair Credit Reporting Act Truth in Lending Act Equal Credit Opportunity Act Consumer Leasing Act
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
Joseph is 62 years old and has decided to retire because of poor health. What will happen to his retirement benefits? He will receive full benefits because of his health. He will receive a reduced rate of payments. He will lose all retirement benefits. He will not get benefits until age 65.
He will receive a reduced rate of payments.
According to Maslow, individuals climb a path to life satisfaction using ______. Consumer Resource Exchange Model categorization of needs specific needs and wants Hierarchy of Needs
Hierarchy of Needs
The middle class emerged as a result of ______. the industrial revolution women entering the labor force the Social Security Act the large number of children in the home
Industrial revolution
U.S. Census data reveals that the median age at first marriage ______. is decreasing has remained the same over the past century is increasing is irrelevant
Is increasing
Technology will allow students to connect to information around the world that will change the look of formal education and cost through ______. technical schools restrictions automation Massive Open Online Courses
Massive Open Online Courses
Forming a value judgment that is rationalized by only accepting information that supports one's behavior is known as ______. selective interpretation selective choices selective memory selective perception
Selective memory
In 18th-century England, the family included not only blood relations but also ______. friends servants royalty pets
Servants
In medieval Europe, the family was influenced by ______. the church the grandparents instructional texts servants
The church
People who see work as a life role and a basic activity within society agree with the dimension of the meaning of work known as ______. intrinsic orientation work centrality economic orientation entitlement/obligation
Work centrality
Employees are responsible for providing information necessary to ensure that the proper amount is deducted regularly from their wages by completing and submitting ______. a W-4 form a W-2 form a 1040 form a Social Security number
a W-4 form
One alternative to public education where the state is essentially outsourcing education is known as ______. a charter school a military school home schooling a parochial school
a charter school
Unlike other groups, a family is less affected by ______. hidden agendas a dominating member pressure to conform criticism
a dominating member
An example of energy used as a human resource would be ______. a college student who attends class a teenager watching a movie with friends a husband washing the car a child sleeping
a husband washing the car
An example of the fourth level as one moves up Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs would be ______. an apartment love a padlock a promotion
a promotion
The Rodriguez family enjoys getting together to make fresh corn tortillas. They usually end up with more tortillas than they need and in the summer often trade with their neighbors for homegrown tomatoes and other vegetables. This form of exchange is known as ______. currency exchange bartering liquid functioning domestic exchange
bartering
As leaders, John is more likely than Julie to ______. let followers make the decisions be confident show concern for others be helpful
be confident
With life insurance, upon the death of the insured, a lump sum payment or installments are paid to the ______. husband or wife creditors beneficiary heirs
beneficiary
When people in a group assume that the other group members are not willing to take any risks, causing them to adjust their views in favor of a more guarded view than their own, it is known as ______. group shift risky shift cautious shift groupthink
cautious shift
Benefits that allows the employee to pick and choose from among several options is known as ______. cafeteria plans retirement savings plans Social Security unemployment insurance funds
cafeteria plans
Generation Y will follow a leader if they ______. can learn from him or her respect him or her can be controlled by him or her are afraid of him or her
can learn from him or her
Early American families moved from producing their own goods to an economy based on using monetary wages to trade for goods. This change was made possible because of ______. capitalistic industrialization the drought and Dust Bowl of the 1930s the stock market crash of 1929 westward expansion and the California gold rush
capitalistic industrialization
The Consumer Resource Exchange Model was developed by Bristow and Moven and is based on the concept that ______. those who are without basic needs are motivated needs are based on others' reactions to us everyone needs love and acceptance consumers manage resources in order to meet their needs
consumers manage resources in order to meet their needs
The type of unemployment that is involuntary and is the result of production lags, recession, or business restructuring is known as ______. cyclical structural frictional typical
cyclical
The opportunity for leaders to help develop the skills of others involved in the implantation of a plan could be ______. communication cooperation delegation accountability
delegation
Family structure, race, and income influence computer ownership and contribute to a phenomenon known as ______. micro-coordination complementary interaction competitive symmetry digital divide
digital divide
The fourth level as one moves up Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is ______. physiological needs self-actualization esteem needs social needs
esteem needs
Behavior consists of observable ways that someone does things that contribute to accomplishing a task and includes ______. education cognitive and mental resources ethics, values, and beliefs income and the exchange for goods
ethics, values, and beliefs
The purpose of Avery and Stafford's scheduling congruity theory of family resource management is to ______. explain inputs and outputs of energy driven organization ignite more research on families explain and predict family resource allocation behavior show the need for families to make decisions
explain and predict family resource allocation behavior
The theory or perspective that focuses on the changing social expectations unique to each stage of the family is ______. conflict theory family strengths perspective family development theory feminist perspective
family development theory
The family systems theory refers to shared meanings as ______. family needs the decision-making process communication standards family rules
family rules
Important documents needed in case of emergencies include birth certificates, Social Security cards, insurance identification cards, and ______. voter registration cards baptismal records financial statements marriage certificates
financial statements
Someone belongs to a membership group because ______. he or she was appointed to the group he or she chose to belong to the group of his or her job or career he or she was born into that group
he or she was born into that group
The employment decision of a mother is based upon a comparison of the value of her work and the value of ______. her salary her time at home her status her earning potential
her time at home
As protection against disastrous events such as fire or major illness and in addition to having emergency funds available, families should also make plans for ______. social services family support insurance protection good citizenship
insurance protection
According to Koerner and Fitzpatrick, the element of communication that involves shared meanings is ______. interactivity encoding intersubjectivity feedback
intersubjectivity
Through funding under the Older Americans Act, the Administration on Aging provides services to millions of older persons. Examples of these include all EXCEPT ______. adult day care home-delivered meals investment management transportation
investment management
Hal and Gloria have difficulty in making decisions and do not like to discipline their children. The style of leadership they are exhibiting is ______ leadership. transformational multifactor laissez-faire transactional
laissez-faire
An example of a fixed expense would be ______. weekly groceries mortgage birthday presents for family and friends clothing
mortgage
One of the most significant changes that appeared during the "divorce revolution" of the 1970s and 1980s was ______. no-fault divorce new alimony laws joint custody covenant marriage option
no-fault divorce
Anything that detracts from the pure, intentional message in the communication process is ______. a power struggle hidden a distorter noise
noise
The percentage of funding for public schools that comes from the federal government is ______. 20% 10% 30% none; all funding is state and local
none; all funding is state and local
The communication standard where the family communicates in a proper or formal manner is known as ______. discipline respect cohesion politeness
politeness
According to the dimensional model of leadership, autocratic leaders concentrate their leadership style on ______. power morale avoidance goal setting
power
Five-year-old Charlie decided that it was worth the risk of getting in trouble for climbing and jumping off the garage roof because it was something he thought would be really fun to try. According to Kohlberg, Charlie is operating in what stage of moral reasoning? pre-conventional conventional post-conventional principled conscience
pre-conventional
Those purchasing insurance must pay insurance companies in the form of a ______. co-pay premium deductible risk pool
premium
Gary asked his brother to build an addition to his home. After the job was finished, Gary paid his brother for the work. He realized that his brother's bill was less than it would have been if he had another carpenter build the addition. The value of the equitable exchange was different because of the ______. cost of the materials relationship between the two brothers slow building climate help that Gary provided.
relationship between the two brothers
The important steps in assessing possible risk include all EXCEPT ______. risk succession risk recognition risk prioritization risk management
risk succession
Forming a value judgment that is rationalized by discrediting information that goes against one's behavior is known as ______. selective interpretation selective choices selective memory selective perception
selective interpretation
The dependence on or preference for a certain time orientation ______. a) causes a decline in the existence of a culture b) points to the similarities of cultural groups c) increases success in that culture d) separates cultural groups
separates cultural groups
Middle-class families manage their finances in the following ways EXCEPT ______. saving for retirement usually through their employer sharing their money with family and friends actively managing their monthly cash flows focusing on short-term savings
sharing their money with family and friends
The decision-making model that gives the family the most flexible framework for a variety of situations is ______. a) the Political Model b) the Bureaucratic Model c) the Rational Model d) the 5-step Decision-Making Model
the 5-step Decision-Making Model
The decision-making model developed by Pfeffer that is based on rules, procedures, and processes and is appropriate only for low-risk decisions is ______. a) the Bureaucratic Model b) the Political Model c) the Rational Model d) the 5-step Decision-Making Model
the Bureaucratic Model
The decision-making model proposed by Janis that involves searching for alternatives, assessing consequences, estimating risk, and selection of action that maximizes objectives is ______. a) the Political Model b) the Rational Model c) the Bureaucratic Model d) the 5-step Decision-Making Model
the Rational Model
One of the concerns that parents have for their children in using the Internet is ______. credibility of sources the danger of attracting sexual predators interactivity cost
the danger of attracting sexual predators
Resource allocation problems are different than common problem solving because ______. there is no right or wrong the decisions are multi-layered people are usually on opposite sides of the issue it usually involves a larger amount of money
the decisions are multi-layered
Children from value foundations first by listening to _____________ their peers their parents media such as television older siblings
their parents
If a person commits a crime in a culture where his/her orientation to human nature is a belief that all are basically good, he/she would likely be incarcerated ______. a) to rehabilitate him/her b) to keep him/her away from "good people" c) as an example to others of the consequences d) to punish him/her for his/her actions
to rehabilitate him/her
The idea of "old money" is synonymous with ______. stocks and bonds the newly emerging rich the elderly upper class
upper class
Changing demographics have led to changes that require different housing choices. These changes include all EXCEPT ______. growth in minority populations aging of the baby boom generation increase in single-parent families urbanism
urbanism
In the United States, those who are considered poor ______. have a difficult time getting basic necessities do not have a television have less than most people in other countries usually have more than just the basic necessities
usually have more than just the basic necessities
