FChem Exam 2- Part B
Examples of Sched III drugs.
- Barbiturate preparations - Codeine - Certain steroids Sched II drugs at low fixed doses
Examples of Sched II drugs.
- Cocaine - Methamphetamine - PCP - Dronabinol - hydrocodone
Examples of Sched I drugs.
- Heroin - Marijuana - LSD
Examples of Sched IV drugs.
- d-Propoxyphene - Phenobarbital - Diazepam Valium, Xanax
THC concentration in buds, extract, and oil.
10%, 30%, and 60% by volume
How many reagents are list in the NIJ document for color tests?
12
What is the Duquenois-Levine reagent?
2-step color test for cannabinoids; 1st step no color change and 2nd step Violet
Sodium nitroprusside reagent
2-step test for MDMA and meth. Step 1 no color change and Step 2 blue
What range of the spectrum is IR light absorbed?
4000-400cm⁻¹
What are color spot tests?
A Presumptive test which involves dropping chemical reagents onto a chemical of unknown composition to determine the basic components of that chemical.
What is the AAA criterion used for controlled drug placement?
Abuse, Addiction, and Accepted medical use
What drugs are positive for Wagners?
All opiates All caines Most tranquilizers
What drugs are negative for Wagners?
Amph Barb Strongly acidic drugs Caffeine
What is the criterion for Schedule III drugs?
Concerning potential for abuse and addiction, extremely regulated but accepted medical use
What is the legal foundation of narcotics enforcement in the US?
Controlled Substances Act, which is Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
Controlled substances are controlled by whom?
DEA
Rx drugs are determined by whom?
FDA
What is an unambiguous ID test for cocaine?
FTIR
What else does the NIJ doc have?
General test conditions, test color sensitivity and LOD, reagent list and recipes
What is the criterion for Schedule II drugs?
High potential for abuse and addiction, extremely regulated but accepted medical use
What is the criterion for Schedule I drugs?
High potential for abuse and addiction, no accepted medical use
Federal Analogue Act of 1986
Makes it illegal to possess a substance →that has a chemical structure substantially similar to that of a schedule I or II controlled substance and →which has a similar or greater pharmacologic effect on the CNS than a schedule I or II controlled substance
Most common illicit drugs.
Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroin, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, others- PCP,
If Marquis test s positive, what next?
Marquis is not very selective, so follw up with Mechke test
What are the SWGDRUG guidelines for drug analysis?
Must either: ❚ Conduct 2 methods of analysis (one A and one either A, B or C). Type A must be reviewable. ❚ Conduct 3 methods, 2 type B (reviewable) and 1 type C. ❚ Hyphenated methods count as separate ie. GC-MS counts as 1 B (GC) and 1 A (MS)
Examples of Sched V drugs.
Opiate drug mixtures that contain non-narcotic medicinal ingredients -Codeine cough preparations
What is the criterion for Schedule V drugs?
Potential for abuse and addiction, accepted medical use
What is the criterion for Schedule IV drugs?
Potential for abuse and addiction, guarded accepted medical use
Which controlled substances carry the stiffest penalty?
Schedule I
What schedule are anabolic steroids in ?
Schedule III
What color test is done for cocaine?
Stannus chloride test +result is dark orange
Most commonly abused drugs.
alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs, paint thinner
Structure of psilocybin and psilocin
both psychoactive, structures similar to AA
What is the Scott reagent?
colorimetric field test for cocaine using cobalt thiocyanate; pink over blue is positive in the multistep test; adulterants turn blue at first but then disappear
What is a drug?
compound that alters bodily fcn
AuCl with cocaine forms what?
crosshair structure; anisotropic
What does Wagners Alkaloid test do?
detects any N-based substance in a plant bc only large cations of an organic base (like an alkaloid) form stable compounds with I₃
What is heroin?
diacetylmorphine
How does cocaine work?
forces neurotransmitter release and blocks reuptake
What moiety is found in most hallucinogens?
indole (6-membered ring with a 5-membered ring)
How does heroin work?
inhibits Substance "P" pain message
When can a controlled substance NOT be a schedule I drug?
it cannot be a Schedule I drug if it has any accepted medical use (even though marijuana is currently listed as a schedule I drug still)
What are A/B extractions for?
liquid/liquid extraction
What is MDMA derived from ?
methamphetamine Typical doses of meth are 30-50mg MDMA→75-125mg
What macroscopic and microscopic morphology is unique to cannabis?
micro: cystolithic trichrome hairs one one side of leaf and filamentous hairs on the other side
what color test is done to target THC?
modified Duque-Levine with EtOH solvent, + result is blue
What is different about mescaline's structure compared to other hallucinogens?
no indole
What is the reagent for GHB?
one step reaction that is sensitive to µg amounts but which doesn't show GBL or 1,4-butanediol
What is Marquis reagent?
one step test for opiates (heroin, morphine, codeine), which turn violet; MDMA/MDA turn dk violet to black; methamph/amph turn orange to brown
What is Mecke reagent?
one-step test for opiates that turns green-bluegreen
What is unique about the listing of marijuana on the list of controlled substances?
only substance that is not compound-specific; the whole plant is controlled
What is the factor that determines which of the 5 schedules a controlled substance is placed into?
potential for abuse
What is narcotic?
psychoactive compound with opioid effects
What are feathery Ks?
seen in crystal test of platinic chloride with cocaine under crossed polars
What is the category of substances that arrive at the forensics lab?
seized drugs
What is the Munsell color chart?
std NIJ reference that shows analyte/solvent/color/Munsell color
What is a requirement of crystal tests?
substance must be pure
What are the Category A drug analysis methods?
the most selective methods, which provide structural info and give unambiguous identification
What are the NIJ drug detection limits based on?
they list the lowest amount of a 500µg sample that needs to be the drug in order for it to be detected by a spot testing the sample
What does evidence analysis require?
unambiguous identification
What is GHB?
• Central nervous system depressant • Originally used by body builders - Thought to increase production of growth hormone • Active Ingredients - gamma-hydroxybutyrate - butyrolactone($20 for 100ml)- paint thinner
How is cocaine converted into Freebase?
• Cocaine HCl and water, shake and add a few drops of alkali • Add ether and shake • Separate ether from solution and evaporate, leaving freebase crystals
How is cocaine converted to crack?
• Equal parts cocaine powder and baking soda • Mix cocaine, baking soda and water • Cocaine base (crack) precipitates from solution • Heat to evaporate off water
What are the responsibilities of a DEA chemist?
• Evidence Analysis • Courtroom Testimony • Agent Support - Clandestine Laboratories - Trace Evidence Analysis • Assistance to Other Chemists, Probation Officers, Intelligence Analysts, Compliance Investigators • Ancillary Duties
What are the effects of narcotics?
• Strong painkilling drugs that also produce sleep Most from opium poppy. ❚ Pain relief ❚ Drowsiness ❚ Euphoria ❚ Nausea ❚ Vomiting
What for does GHB come in and what does it do?
❚ White powder or dissolved in liquid ❚ Euphoria and hallucinations ❚ Date Rate Drug
What is the color test procedure?