FChem Exam 2- Part B

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Examples of Sched III drugs.

- Barbiturate preparations - Codeine - Certain steroids Sched II drugs at low fixed doses

Examples of Sched II drugs.

- Cocaine - Methamphetamine - PCP - Dronabinol - hydrocodone

Examples of Sched I drugs.

- Heroin - Marijuana - LSD

Examples of Sched IV drugs.

- d-Propoxyphene - Phenobarbital - Diazepam Valium, Xanax

THC concentration in buds, extract, and oil.

10%, 30%, and 60% by volume

How many reagents are list in the NIJ document for color tests?

12

What is the Duquenois-Levine reagent?

2-step color test for cannabinoids; 1st step no color change and 2nd step Violet

Sodium nitroprusside reagent

2-step test for MDMA and meth. Step 1 no color change and Step 2 blue

What range of the spectrum is IR light absorbed?

4000-400cm⁻¹

What are color spot tests?

A Presumptive test which involves dropping chemical reagents onto a chemical of unknown composition to determine the basic components of that chemical.

What is the AAA criterion used for controlled drug placement?

Abuse, Addiction, and Accepted medical use

What drugs are positive for Wagners?

All opiates All caines Most tranquilizers

What drugs are negative for Wagners?

Amph Barb Strongly acidic drugs Caffeine

What is the criterion for Schedule III drugs?

Concerning potential for abuse and addiction, extremely regulated but accepted medical use

What is the legal foundation of narcotics enforcement in the US?

Controlled Substances Act, which is Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

Controlled substances are controlled by whom?

DEA

Rx drugs are determined by whom?

FDA

What is an unambiguous ID test for cocaine?

FTIR

What else does the NIJ doc have?

General test conditions, test color sensitivity and LOD, reagent list and recipes

What is the criterion for Schedule II drugs?

High potential for abuse and addiction, extremely regulated but accepted medical use

What is the criterion for Schedule I drugs?

High potential for abuse and addiction, no accepted medical use

Federal Analogue Act of 1986

Makes it illegal to possess a substance →that has a chemical structure substantially similar to that of a schedule I or II controlled substance and →which has a similar or greater pharmacologic effect on the CNS than a schedule I or II controlled substance

Most common illicit drugs.

Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroin, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, others- PCP,

If Marquis test s positive, what next?

Marquis is not very selective, so follw up with Mechke test

What are the SWGDRUG guidelines for drug analysis?

Must either: ❚ Conduct 2 methods of analysis (one A and one either A, B or C). Type A must be reviewable. ❚ Conduct 3 methods, 2 type B (reviewable) and 1 type C. ❚ Hyphenated methods count as separate ie. GC-MS counts as 1 B (GC) and 1 A (MS)

Examples of Sched V drugs.

Opiate drug mixtures that contain non-narcotic medicinal ingredients -Codeine cough preparations

What is the criterion for Schedule V drugs?

Potential for abuse and addiction, accepted medical use

What is the criterion for Schedule IV drugs?

Potential for abuse and addiction, guarded accepted medical use

Which controlled substances carry the stiffest penalty?

Schedule I

What schedule are anabolic steroids in ?

Schedule III

What color test is done for cocaine?

Stannus chloride test +result is dark orange

Most commonly abused drugs.

alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs, paint thinner

Structure of psilocybin and psilocin

both psychoactive, structures similar to AA

What is the Scott reagent?

colorimetric field test for cocaine using cobalt thiocyanate; pink over blue is positive in the multistep test; adulterants turn blue at first but then disappear

What is a drug?

compound that alters bodily fcn

AuCl with cocaine forms what?

crosshair structure; anisotropic

What does Wagners Alkaloid test do?

detects any N-based substance in a plant bc only large cations of an organic base (like an alkaloid) form stable compounds with I₃

What is heroin?

diacetylmorphine

How does cocaine work?

forces neurotransmitter release and blocks reuptake

What moiety is found in most hallucinogens?

indole (6-membered ring with a 5-membered ring)

How does heroin work?

inhibits Substance "P" pain message

When can a controlled substance NOT be a schedule I drug?

it cannot be a Schedule I drug if it has any accepted medical use (even though marijuana is currently listed as a schedule I drug still)

What are A/B extractions for?

liquid/liquid extraction

What is MDMA derived from ?

methamphetamine Typical doses of meth are 30-50mg MDMA→75-125mg

What macroscopic and microscopic morphology is unique to cannabis?

micro: cystolithic trichrome hairs one one side of leaf and filamentous hairs on the other side

what color test is done to target THC?

modified Duque-Levine with EtOH solvent, + result is blue

What is different about mescaline's structure compared to other hallucinogens?

no indole

What is the reagent for GHB?

one step reaction that is sensitive to µg amounts but which doesn't show GBL or 1,4-butanediol

What is Marquis reagent?

one step test for opiates (heroin, morphine, codeine), which turn violet; MDMA/MDA turn dk violet to black; methamph/amph turn orange to brown

What is Mecke reagent?

one-step test for opiates that turns green-bluegreen

What is unique about the listing of marijuana on the list of controlled substances?

only substance that is not compound-specific; the whole plant is controlled

What is the factor that determines which of the 5 schedules a controlled substance is placed into?

potential for abuse

What is narcotic?

psychoactive compound with opioid effects

What are feathery Ks?

seen in crystal test of platinic chloride with cocaine under crossed polars

What is the category of substances that arrive at the forensics lab?

seized drugs

What is the Munsell color chart?

std NIJ reference that shows analyte/solvent/color/Munsell color

What is a requirement of crystal tests?

substance must be pure

What are the Category A drug analysis methods?

the most selective methods, which provide structural info and give unambiguous identification

What are the NIJ drug detection limits based on?

they list the lowest amount of a 500µg sample that needs to be the drug in order for it to be detected by a spot testing the sample

What does evidence analysis require?

unambiguous identification

What is GHB?

• Central nervous system depressant • Originally used by body builders - Thought to increase production of growth hormone • Active Ingredients - gamma-hydroxybutyrate - butyrolactone($20 for 100ml)- paint thinner

How is cocaine converted into Freebase?

• Cocaine HCl and water, shake and add a few drops of alkali • Add ether and shake • Separate ether from solution and evaporate, leaving freebase crystals

How is cocaine converted to crack?

• Equal parts cocaine powder and baking soda • Mix cocaine, baking soda and water • Cocaine base (crack) precipitates from solution • Heat to evaporate off water

What are the responsibilities of a DEA chemist?

• Evidence Analysis • Courtroom Testimony • Agent Support - Clandestine Laboratories - Trace Evidence Analysis • Assistance to Other Chemists, Probation Officers, Intelligence Analysts, Compliance Investigators • Ancillary Duties

What are the effects of narcotics?

• Strong painkilling drugs that also produce sleep Most from opium poppy. ❚ Pain relief ❚ Drowsiness ❚ Euphoria ❚ Nausea ❚ Vomiting

What for does GHB come in and what does it do?

❚ White powder or dissolved in liquid ❚ Euphoria and hallucinations ❚ Date Rate Drug

What is the color test procedure?


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