Fed Gov Ex 3
A what is the process by which citizens propose legalization or constitutional amendments to the petition process followed by a popular vote?
Initiative
Why do small interest groups have an easier time enrolling potential members than large interest groups?
In a small group, any individual's share of the collective good may be great enough to make it rational for him or her to join.
What is one reason why incumbents have the advantage in elections?
Incumbents have staffers who provide services that help them win reelection.
Why might the United States sometimes be described as "election happy"?
The United States has more elections than any other democratic country in the world.
Which of the following best describes the relationship between income and vote choice?
Those with low incomes vote for Democrats; those with high incomes vote for Republicans.
Which of the following exemplifies partisan voting?
Voting based on a candidate's party
In the context of public opinion polls, what is self-selection?
a reference to the highly motivated respondents who decide for themselves whether or not to participate in surveys
As a pollster for Smart Polling, you are concerned about gauging the public's attitudes about arms-control policy, because you believe that the public not only has little information on this complex topic but also has thought little about it. What procedure might you implement to decrease the inaccuracy of your polling data because of this lack of information?
a screening procedure
In 1948, the Chicago Tribune wrongly predicted that R Thomas E. Dewey would beat incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Knowing what you know about the accuracy of various polls, what kind of poll would most likely have led the Chicago Tribune to make this erroneous prediction?
a straw poll
What is an amicus curiae brief?
a written argument submitted to a court in support of one side of a case
Which of the following is a media effect?
agenda setting
The Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee focus on __________.
aiding presidential campaigns and conducting general party-building activities
What type of group is a trade association?
an economic interest group
Which of the following is a likely result of the free rider problem?
an environmental group struggling to raise funds for a "clean air" campaign
Which of the following is an example of the free rider problem?
an environmentalist deciding not to join an environmental group but appreciating the group's positive impact on environmental stewardship
What was one result of nineteenth-century muckraking?
anti-trust regulations
In the case of Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court ruled that candidates who use their own money to finance their campaigns:
are not limited on the amount of money they can spend on their campaigns.
How do political scientists define political socialization?
as the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values
If you were a campaign manager trying to target the largest population of likely voters, at which place would you suggest your candidate campaign?
at the local senior citizens association
Why do state legislators rely more on their state and local parties for election assistance than do their congressional counterparts?
because members of Congress have easier access to funds and other campaign resources from other sources
Why has the public become more of a critical player in national and international politics in the past three decades?
because the number of polls regularly conducted and reported on is rising
In order to overcome the free rider problem, many interest groups offer material benefits. What are material benefits?
benefits given only to group members
Which of the following voter profiles most strongly suggests that an individual will identify with the Democratic Party?
black, female, from the Northeast
How might pluralism serve to enhance democracy?
by ensuring that all groups have an opportunity to influence policy outcomes
How do interest groups lobby the courts?
by filing a lawsuit or direct sponsorship of those willing to file a lawsuit
How do most citizens in Washington and Oregon vote?
by mail
How do lobbyists typically seek to influence members of Congress who already tend to support the interest group?
by providing information on policy issues
The modern party era is known for its __________-centered politics.
candidate
Which of the following is a prominent feature of the modern era of political parties?
candidate-centered politics
Gaps in the way that citizens view government, political leaders, and public policies may be the result of gender, race, age, party, and religion, which are collectively known as what?
demographic characteristics
A polling firm has been commissioned by the New York Times to assess public opinion about the performance of FEMA during the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. What should the firm do first?
determine the content and phrasing of the questions they want answered
A polling firm has been commissioned by the New York Times to assess public opinion about the performance of FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Agency) during the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. What should the firm do first?
determine the population
Which of the following potential Electoral College reforms is the least likely?
determining the president through popular vote
which of the following potential electoral college reforms is the least likely?
determining the president through popular vote
When was the Era of Good Feelings?
during James Monroe's presidency (late 1810s and early 1820s)
When can a party officially change its platform?
during the national party convention
A majority of the what elects the president of the United States?
electoral college
Why are some people concerned about the electronic voting?
electronic voting could increase election fraud
If the owner of a television station is a staunch conservative and sells advertising time to the Republican candidate but refuses to sell available adverting time to the Democratic candidate, this would be a violation of the __________.
equal time rule
The __________ is an example of the way in which the Federal Communications Commission works to ensure that the airwaves "serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity."
equal time rule
The press has the greatest impact on public opinion regarding __________.
events in foreign countries
__________ are conducted as voters leave the polling place and are used by the media to predict the outcome of the election.
exit polls
"All government rests on public opinion." Where is this sentiment expressed?
in The Federalist Papers
A public official has the most control over the spin of his or her message __________.
in a press release
How are exit polls conducted?
in person
In your American government class, you learn that most Americans' level of knowledge about history and politics is quite low and is declining every year. You also learn that political knowledge and political participation have a reciprocal effect on one another. Which of the following statements aligns with the statements presented in this scenario?
in the future, the degree of political participation in America is likely to go down
Which of the following statements about the relationship between political knowledge and political participation is true?
increases in political knowledge lead to increases in political participation
the process by which citizens propose legislation or constitutional amendments through the petition process followed by a popular vote.
initiative
Researchers refer to the unintended influence of the questioner on respondents during in-person interviews as what?
interviewer bias
How has party-line voting in Congress changed in the past few years?
it has increased noticeably
Democrats no longer use the winner-take-all primary because __________.
it was generally less representative
The most visible instrument that parties use to formulate, convey, and promote public policy is __________.
its platform
George Gallup believed that __________. This belief continues to be common today.
leaders should have an appraisal of public opinion and consider it in reaching their decisions
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 __________.
led to the establishment of multimedia corporations
Younger Americans (under 30) express more ________________ opinions than older Americans (55 and over), yet younger Americans are ___________ interested in politics.
liberal; less
An interest group filing an amicus curiae brief is an example of __________.
lobbying the judicial branch
The decrease in the number of __________ has been identified as one cause of increasing polarization.
northern liberal Republicans
"A source at the White House said..." is an example of an attribution based on information obtained __________.
on background
Imagine you are a journalist covering a scandal that may destroy a member of Congress. You obtain your information from a source at the Department of Justice under the condition that the source would be completely unattributed. The information you obtained from this source is considered to be __________.
on deep background
A registered Republican can crossover vote for a Democratic presidential candidate in a(n) __________ primary.
open
In what are many American ideals, including hard work and personal responsibility, rooted?
our nation's Protestant heritage
What is the single greatest influence in establishing a person's first party identification?
parents
To determine if families with children would use school vouchers to send their children to charter schools, from which of the following populations should you select a sample?
parents of children under age 18
AIM and FAIR are __________.
partisan watchdogs of the media
The __________ consists of all potential voters who identify themselves with a political party.
party in the electorate
When covering Congress, reporters typically focus on which of the following?
party leaders
A __________ is a dramatic shift in partisan preferences that drastically alters the political landscape.
party realignment
A __________ is when a party's base of supporters undergoes a dramatic, fundamental, and enduring alteration.
party realignment
A critical election is typically associated with __________.
party realignment
What do Americans often have difficulty forming opinions about?
policies that do not affect them personally
Organizations that used tangible incentives such as jobs and favors to win loyalty among voters are known as __________.
political machines
Which of the following was a prominent feature of the era called the "Golden Age" of political parties?
political machines
According to political scientist, what has historically been the most successful mobilize of Americans to vote?
political parties
According to political scientists, which of the following has historically been the most effective at mobilizing the American voter?
political parties
The caucus system of nominating candidates is oriented toward __________.
political parties
Which of the following statements about the shortcomings of polling is true?
polls sometimes fail to measure intensity of feeling
What are push polls designed to do?
present negative information that might cause voters to vote against a candidate
A __________ is a live engagement between a press secretary and the press in which the range of questions is limited.
press briefing
If the president wants his or her staff to address the press about a certain issue, but wants to keep the conversation focused on that issue, he or she might call for a __________.
press briefing
The president addresses the nation directly during a __________.
press conference
A candidate might unveil his or her proposal for bolstering the local economy by e-mailing a __________ to the local media.
press release
A press briefing is generally delivered by the __________.
press secretary
If you are competing for your party's nomination for the U.S. House of Representatives, you must first participate in a(n) __________ election.
primary
It is believed that believe that certain media members tend to ignore stories critical of government and big business because __________________.
the typical journalist has a relatively elite background
Proponents of a government that includes a greater role for minor parties might suggest that the United States consider Europe's system of __________.
proportional representation
Voters who select a candidate based on the candidate's policy promises are making __________ judgments.
prospective
Which of the following is an activity that lobbyists regularly engage in?
providing elected officials with information about an issue or bill that is important to the group
__________ is defined as what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time.
public opinion
Surveyor: "If you knew candidate X voted against a proposal that would help feed malnourished children in developing countries, would you still vote for him?" The surveyor in this example is conducting a(n):
push poll.
"If you knew that Candidate X cheated on her taxes, would you vote for her?" is a question typical of __________.
push polls
What are "feeling thermometer" questions?
questions that ask respondents how they feel about a particular issue by using a 0-100 scale
Pollsters attempt to construct accurate and representative polls using several techniques. They may use ______________, in which all voters are given the same chance of receiving a phone call. Alternatively, they could use ______________, in which certain subsets or demographics are specifically targeted.
random sampling; stratified sampling
Which of the following is a way that interest groups seek to influence elections?
recruiting and endorsing candidates
If a state legislator wanted to avoid political accountability for a controversial proposal, you might suggest holding a(n) __________.
referendum
The equal time rule prohibits television stations from doing which of the following?
refusing to sell advertising time to bigoted candidates if it sells advertising time to non-bigoted candidates
As discussed in the video Public Opinion Polls, even if a survey is conducted scientifically the accuracy of a poll can be diminished by all of the following EXCEPT:
respondents reading too many polls.
A main difference between a press briefing and press conference is the level of what?
restriction
What are some of the major barriers to minor-party political success?
the winner-take-all system, public financing rules for presidential campaigns, and the Electoral College system
Hispanic voters have the potential to wield growing political power because ________.
their population in battleground states is growing
In what way are George Gallup's sentiments about the role of public opinion in governance similar to those of many of today's political thinkers?
they are similar in believing that leaders should have an appraisal of public opinion and consider it in reaching their decisions
One of the various activities that parties engage in is __________.
running candidates
The ability of an office holder to avoid challenges from quality challengers is known as the __________ effect.
scare-off effect
A gradual shift in party coalitions that is based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political system is known as a __________ realignment.
secular
Runoff primaries __________.
select the party's nominee
How does a citizen typically become a delegate to a national party convention?
selection by citizens in primaries and caucuses
In July 2012, CNN conducted an online poll asking visitors to its Web site to offer their opinions about the appropriate punishment for a well-known celebrity who had violated the terms of her probation. Like the 1936 Literary Digest straw poll, this poll violated a well-known cardinal rule of survey sampling by allowing for __________.
self-selection
Which factor largely accounts for the failure of the U.S. electoral system to produce a third party that rivals the Democrats and Republicans?
single-member districts and a plurality voting system
In 1983, 90 percent of American media were owned by fifty companies. As of 2016, how many companies controlled 90 percent of American media?
six
What opinion of a Democratic president would you expect an eleven-year-old child raised in a politically active Republican household to have?
skepticism of the president
What key issue led to the dissolution of the Whig Party?
slavery
The Electoral College system favors __________.
small states
From the time of the earliest public opinion polls, women have held more liberal attitudes than men about __________ issues, such as education, poverty, capital punishment, and the environment.
social
Which amendment removed the election of US senators from the hands of state legislators and placed it in the hands of citizens?
the 17th Amendment
Which of the following is a minor party that was formed to oppose desegregation?
the American Independent Party
What institutional feature of U.S. politics hinders the success of minor parties?
the Electoral College
Which of the following is an example of a trade association?
the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
When is a child's peer group most politically influential?
when the child enters middle school or high school
When is the initiative process the most useful?
when the public favors a policy that the legislature is unwilling to enact
This sensationalized 19th century form of journalism, which featured pictures, comics, color, and oversimplified news coverage was called __________.
yellow journalism
The national parties have set restrictions about how states select __________.
national convention delegates
The __________ is the formal governing body of both major parties.
national party convention
The __________ is the site for the approval of the party platform every four years
national party convention
Which older news medium has had the hardest time competing with newer modern news sources?
newspapers
Which type of survey question is best suited to addressing concerns about errors in public opinion polling resulting from difficulty in measuring intensity?
"feeling thermometer" questions
Since the _____, governmental decision makers have relied heavily on public opinion polls.
1930s
Which of the following years was a critical election?
1932
When were tracking polls introduced?
1992
How many electoral votes are needed to be elected president?
270
Roughly what percentage of Americans rarely or never vote?
35%
Women support the average Democrat __________.
5 to 7 percent more than men do
How does grassroots lobbying differ from other efforts by interest groups to influence government?
Grassroots lobbying focuses more on influencing public opinion.
On which of the following issues are the opinions of African Americans and whites MOST likely to differ?
Affirmative Action
Members of which of the following demographic groups are most likely to identify with the Democratic Party?
African Americans
Since 1952, researchers have conducted and analyzed the __________ to assess the political attitudes and behavior of the American electorate.
American National Election Studies
Who was the first chief executive to win the White House as the nominee of a truly national, popularly based political party following the first national party convention in 1832?
Andrew Jackson
Which political faction demanded that freedom of the press be amended to the U.S. Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
In the White House Press Room, which organization would you find closest to the podium?
Associated Press
Which cable news source offers the most unfiltered and erudite coverage of Washington politics?
C-SPAN
Refer to "How Do Demographic Characteristics Affect Public Opinion?" and indicate which is true about how age impacts views on whether or not the government should guarantee every citizen enough to eat and a place to sleep.
Citizens between thirty and forty-nine years old fell the most strongly that every citizen has enough to eat and a place to sleep when compared to other age groups
why might being civically engaged make you more likely to vote?
Civic organizations provide opportunities to learn important skills that are relevant for politics.
Making campaign contributions in the form of what?
Conventional participation
Hispanic voters tend to support the __________ Party.
Democratic
Which condition provides support for the theory of pluralism?
Elected officials seek out the opinions of multiple interest groups when creating policy.
Which news source favors the Republicans?
Fox News
Who is considered the founder of modern-day polling?
George Gallup
In 1787, John Jay wrote glowingly of the sameness of the American people. In Federalist No. 2, he wrote that we are "one united people-- a people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in manners and customs." Considering the sentiments expressed therein, which of these statements is Jay more likely to agree with?
He would likely agree that reliance on public opinion polls is unnecessary for good governance
The __________ was enacted after the 2000 election to assist states with upgrading their voting equipment.
Help America Vote Act
During his campaign for reelection in 2012, Barack Obama deemphasized his work on health care reform. Which of the following reasons is the most plausible explanation for this decision, given what you know about the interaction between public opinion, policy, and politics?
His campaign did not want to focus on an issue that had deep divisions in public opinion.
In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had read the Declaration of Independence at least once. If the margin of error is calculated to be 4 percent, which of the following statements is more likely than the others to be true?
If the poll were conducted again, the percentage of those questioned who have read the Declaration of Independence would likely be between 25 and 33 percent
Which is a potential problem with online voting?
Internet access for lower-income Americans
Researchers referred to the unintended influence of the questioner on respondents during in-person interview as?
Interviewer bias
What is a potential downside of narrowcasting?
It allows people to ignore news contradicting their preexisting points of view.
How can redistricting threaten incumbent members of Congress?
It can add voters from an area that is less supportive of an incumbent's party.
how can the majority of the party in the state legislature use the redistricting process to help defeat an incumbent of the minority party?
It can craft districts that pit an incumbent against another incumbent.
What is a criticism of early voting?
It decreases the importance of campaigns
why would the congressional district plan to be easier to implement?
It does not require a constitutional amendment.
why would the national popular vote interstate compact be easier to implement?
It does not require a constitutional amendment.
In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had read the Declaration of Independence at least once, with a margin of error of 4 percent. Which of the following statements is true?
It is likely that between 25 and 33 percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence.
Members of which of the following groups are most likely to prefer the Democratic party?
Jews
Which of the following religious groups maintains the most consistent voting pattern?
Jews
Leslie is a white, middle class mother of two, who works as a librarian in the public library system of a large city in the American West. She is 57 years old. Given her demographic profile and the information provided presented in Table 10.1 on differences in the political opinions of women and men, which of the following statements about her political opinions would pollsters expect to be true?
Leslie believes that American military interventions are usually a bad idea
Why is Walter Lippmann credited with spurring the growth of public opinion polling?
Lippmann wrote a book in which he observed that research on public opinion was far too limited, especially in light of it importance
The __________, a popular magazine that first began national presidential polling in 1916, was a pioneer in the use of the straw poll.
Literary Digest
Which of the following accurately describes a difference in public opinion between men and women?
Men are more likely to favor military intervention.
What is the relationship between partisanship and views on whether the government should guarantee every citizen enough to eat and a place to sleep?
More than three-fourths of Democrats believe that the government should guarantee that every citizen has enough to eat and a place to sleep.
Which type of survey question is best suited for addressing concerns about public opinion polls that contain a limited number of response options?
NOT approve disapprove
A _________________ is a survey question that asks for an opinion but only provides the option of answering yes or no.
NOT bipolar
Of the following news sources, which is a Democrat twice as likely as a Republican to look to for news?
NPR
The first penny press paper was the __________.
New York Sun
Why has there been a growing use of recall elections in recent years?
New technology has made it easier to gather signatures and raise money.
If you are competing for your party's nomination for the US House Representatives, you must first participate in a what election?
Primary election
Which is a tenet of pluralism?
Policy makers care more about public opinion than interest groups' preferences
Polls may be inaccurate for a number of reasons. Which of the following is one of these reasons?
Polls are unable to measure the intensity of feelings about issues
Letters to select a candidate based on the candidate's policy promises are making what judgments?
Prospective
The value of hard work and personal responsibility are rooted in America's ______________.
Protestant heritage
Which of the following voter profiles most strongly suggests that an individual will identify with the Republican Party?
Protestant, male, annual income over $75,000
Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between public opinion and public policy in the United States?
Public opinion can affect policy.
Which of the following statements best reflects the Framers' attitudes about public opinion?
Public opinion is the best measure of the soundness of government policy
Parties in Congress are not equally polarized: __________ are further from the center than are their counterparts.
Republicans
What is the difference between simple random sampling and stratified sampling?
Stratified sampling combines random selection with predetermined weighting of a population's demographic characteristics, whereas random sampling does not
Which of the following is the major source of political information for most Americans?
TV
Which Amendment to the US Constitution lowered the voting age to 18
The 26th amendment
Which of the following statements about presidential debates is FALSE?
The debates emphasize policy issues over candidate image.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the ideological distribution of members of Congress?
The parties are increasingly polarized, with Republicans moving further to the right than Democrats are moving to the left.
Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest all that predicted Roosevelt's reelection defeat is true?
The pole oversample the upper middle class and the wealthy
What Electoral College practice did the Twelfth Amendment replace?
The president and vice president were elected from the same pool of candidates.
A gender gap, a difference of opinion between men and women, is widest on which of the following issues?
The use of military force
Which of the following do some consider to be a problem with the Electoral College?
The winner of a popular vote can still fail to be elected.
How do elections aid democracy?
They confer legitimacy on government
Modern national party conventions serve what end?
They mobilize support for the nominee who has essentially already been selected.
In what way do minor parties make a significant contribution to the political system?
They reveal political divides and bring to light new ideas.
How does the Missouri Plan suggest that judges be selected at the state level?
They should be appointed by a nonpartisan nomination commission.
All of the following statements are true when describing congressional elections EXCEPT:
Turnout rates during "off year" congressional elections are high, averaging about 60% of eligible voters.
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution lowered the voting age to eighteen?
Twenty-Sixth
Which of the following is the clearest example of a push poll question?
Would you approve of the candidate's vote for the antipoverty bill if you knew that the candidate never read the legislation?
Which of the following is the clearest example of a question that might be found on a push poll?
Would you approve or disapprove of the job that Rosemary Austin is doing if you knew that she never even reads the legislation before voting to spend your tax dollars?
According to the video Voter Turnout, is low voter turnout a cause for concern?
Yes. When a large percentage of the American population is uninvolved in our democratic government, the government may lack legitimacy.
What is true about young citizens?
Young citizens are less likely to vote
Which of the following is an example of a public interest group?
a consumer rights group
What typically precedes a party realignment?
a critical election
A decrease in political knowledge will likely cause __________.
a decrease in political participation
What is a public interest group?
a group that works to gain benefits for society as a whole
Which of the following surveys is more likely than the others to generate self-selection error?
a mail-in survey of retirement community members about the privatization of Medicare
Which presents the greatest threat to congressional incumbents of the president's party?
a mid-term election after the president's sixth year in office
If you wanted to have the most informed voters during a party nomination, you would use which nomination system?
caucuses
What is the party in the electorate?
citizens who identify with a political party
A primary election in which only a party's registered voters are eligible to participate is called a(n) ________.
closed primary
Which is considered an example of lobbying?
communicating with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy position
When questioned about their views of politics in Congress, a slight majority of Americans expressed a desire for __________, while about 30 percent wanted members of Congress to stick to their beliefs.
compromise
Over the last thirty years, media ownership has __________.
consolidated
Making campaign contributions is a form of __________.
conventional participation
When conducting surveys, why is the wording of questions a central concern?
how a question is worded can unintentionally skew results
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison described how the Constitution has been designed to control the effects of __________.
factions
When a case that an interest group is interested in comes before a court, the group can __________.
file an amicus curiae brief to present the group's analysis of the case
The media are also known as the __________.
fourth estate
The __________ problem occurs when people fail to join a group because they can get the benefits the group offers without contributing to the group's efforts.
free rider
At what age do parents exercise the greatest influence on the political socialization of their children?
from birth to age five
If a state wanted to increase its influence in the presidential nomination, what could the state do?
front-load the primaries
Of the following, which is considered a demographic characteristic?
gender
Which of the following contributes to the incumbency advantage?
greater visibility
_________ provides the incumbent with an advantage.
greater visibility
George Gallup undoubtedly had a vested interest in fostering reliance on public opinion polls. Why?
he was a pollster
The years 1876 to 1900 had __________.
high voter turnout
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, political machines provided __________.
housing, employment, and food
The winners of elections often believe that they have a(n) __________, which is a command, indicated by an electorate's votes, for the newly elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda.
mandate
How does the textbook answer this question: why are traditional telephone polls becoming increasingly difficult to conduct?
many people do not have landlines
Suppose a scientific poll determines that 60 percent of respondents support relaxation of gun-control laws. If the _________ were 4 percent, the actual percentage of people in the population who support relaxation would likely be between 56 and 64 percent.
margin of error
The __________ is a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll.
margin of error
Two types of errors are common to polls. What are they?
margin of error and sampling error
Tracking polls help candidates __________.
measure the impact of their campaign
What is the term for change in both public opinion and voting preferences caused by media coverage?
media effects
Who do political action committees tend to give money to?
members of Congress who serve on committees or subcommittees that routinely consider legislation important to that group
Which of the following is an example of grassroots lobbying?
members of an interest group circulating a petition to send to representatives in Congress
A tactic known as __________ allows political parties to identify potential voters based on a wealth of data including consumer preferences, personal habits, and past voting behavior.
micro-targeting
__________ achieve their greatest successes when they incorporate new ideas or alienated groups or nominate attractive candidates.
minor parties
Researchers have found that women are _____ similarly qualified men to think about running for office
more reluctant than
Although campaign organizations generally deny conduction push polls, research indicates that push polls have indeed targeted political candidates. How many candidates have been targeted by this type of polling?
more than three-quarters
Critics of pluralism have noted that __________.
most groups represent elites
What derogatory term did Theodore Roosevelt use to describe the behavior of reporters who focused on the carnal underbelly of politics rather than its more lofty pursuits?
muckraking
The rise of Spanish-language television and news programming is an example of __________.
narrowcasting
What kind of campaign donations are described by these two scenarios? (List in order). 1.) Tyler donates regularly to his preferred political party. The party, in turn, uses the funds to support get-out-the-vote drives and publish campaign advertisements for the candidates they support. 2.) Monica donates the maximum legal amount of $2,400 to her preferred congressional candidate. The candidate used that money to fund commercials for his campaign.
soft money; hard money
Critics of the initiative process argue that ballot measures are often the subject of undue influence by __________.
special interest groups
The Constitution originally afforded the ________ the right to determine voting regulations and requirements
states
You are a pollster about to analyze polling data in order to reveal the data's implications for public policy. Which of the following subgroups within the data would you, as a representative of a reputable polling organization, pay least attention to?
stockholders versus shareholders
Unscientific surveys used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues are known as what?
straw polls
Web polls that allow anyone to weigh in on a topic are similar to which of the following?
straw polls
During the presidential campaign, the states that are not considered to be firmly in either the Democratic or Republican column are called:
swing states
What did George Gallup mean when he said that public opinion polls "speed up the process of democracy"?
that polls define issues of concern to the public
Television and radio are regulated by the federal government because __________.
the airwaves are public property
What does the Pew Global Attitudes Survey assess?
the attitudes toward global powers held by citizens in a sample of countries
The type of information presented by a privately owned, for-profit press may be suspect because of the importance of what?
the bottom line
Prospective judgment is typically based on __________.
the candidate's policy promises
Of the following public opinion poll topics, which is more likely than the others to be subject to a screening procedure?
the federal budget
Of the following topics, which is more likely than the others to be subject to a screening procedure in a public opinion poll?
the federal budget
Front-loading benefits __________.
the front runner(s)
Modern American political liberals generally believe that __________.
the government should provide social programs
In the 2010 senatorial elections, 90 percent of senators up for reelection were reelected to their seats. This is an example of ________.
the incumbency advantage
Why do reputable polling firms eschew push poll tactics?
the intent of a push poll is to give respondents some negative or even untruthful information about a candidate's opponent
The U.S. media have a great deal of journalistic freedoms guaranteed by law, but their corporate ownership subjects them to pressures from __________.
the market
Which party entity has the responsibility of establishing a cohesive vision for partisan identifiers nationwide?
the national committee
Of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll, which predicted Roosevelt's defeat for reelection, which is true?
the poll oversampled the upper middle class and the wealthy
The Gallup organization predicts that Andrew Cuomo, the governor of New York, wins the 2016 presidential election with 61 percent of the popular vote. If Cuomo actually wins by capturing 49 percent of the popular vote, to which factor, more that the others, would you attribute the discrepancy, given what you know about how successful Gallup has been in making presidential predictions?
the presence of a prominent third-party candidate
Which of the following gets the most media coverage?
the president
what is said of a successful presidential candidate who helps members of congress get elected as well?
the president has long coattails.
Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between public opinion and public policy in the US?
the public's views, registered through public opinion polls, can affect policy
Based on the results shown in the table, which candidate won the election?
the republican
According to Andrew Kohut, founding director of the Pew Research Center, why has the public played a more important role in national and international politics over the last three decades?
the rise in the number of public opinion polls
What is front-loading?
the tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar
Why do politicians value appearing on soft news and infotainment shows?
they receive fewer difficult questions
A __________ is a collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas.
think tank
When a citizen votes for candidates from different parties in the same election here she is doing what?
ticket splitting
when a citizen votes for candidates from different parties in the same election, he or she is __________.
ticket-splitting
Why have American National Election Studies (ANES) researchers conducted surveys before and after every mid-term and presidential election since 1952?
to compile long-term studies of the electorate
Why have the National Election Studies researchers conducted surveys before and after every mid-term and presidential election since 1952?
to compile long-term studies of the electorate
What is the purpose of a "name recognition survey"?
to discover how many people have heard of a potential candidate
Why do interest groups typically offer material benefits to their members?
to overcome the free rider problem
Which of the following reasons do voters most often give for not voting?
too busy
Americans are likely to have the most difficulty forming opinions on which of the following topics?
topics involving the European Central Bank and creditor nations
Which of the following is a provision of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007?
tougher lobbying disclosure requirements
If you wanted to improve voter turnout, which of the following would you suggest?
turning Election Day into a national holiday
You are a policy analyst in the Department of Energy. You were just offered a job with a renewable energy company. How long must you wait before you can lobby the Department of Energy on behalf of your new employer?
two years
Boycotting and picketing are examples of __________.
unconventional political participation
Grassroots lobbying includes __________.
urging group members to contact legislators