Chapter 24 Mastering

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Lymphoid tissues include

All of the answers are correct. - thymus - lymph nodes - spleen - bone marrow

A patient has increased neutrophils and macrophages with normal levels of basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Which is the most likely cause of these test results?

a chronic bacterial infection

A patient has increased eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes. Which is the most likely cause of these test results?

a chronic parasitic infection

Chemotaxins function in

attracting additional immune cells

Cytokines function by

attracting immune cells and causing fever

Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of

bacteria

These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.

basophils

For a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane

Cytotoxic, these cells are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infestations.

eosinophils

Which correctly explains the relationship between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system?

Cytokines from the immune system can affect neuroendocrine function.

Ricardo wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from his finger and mixes it with various antibodies. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A antibody but not with the anti-B antibody. Therefore, which is true?

His plasma contains B antibodies

Immunoglobulins in external secretions are

IgA

present in breast milk

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B lymphocytes and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are

IgD

physiological role is unclear

IgD

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are

IgE

binds to mast cells, triggering degranulation

IgE

Immunoglobulins that cross the placenta are

IgG

________ is the immunoglobulin class that make up 75% of antibodies in adult blood.

IgG

crosses the placenta

IgG

Immunoglobulins in early responses to pathogens are

IgM

reacts to blood group antigens

IgM

________ are the precursor cells of macrophages.

Monocytes

The cells that are actively involved in immune surveillance are the

NK cells

________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the

T lymphocytes

Acute phase proteins are produced by the

liver

Estimated to reach populations of one trillion in normal adults, most of these cells reside in the lymphoid tissues of the body. These cells look quite similar to one another under the microscope, yet function very differently.

lymphocytes

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include

macrophages and monocytes

Meghan thinks she has an abscessed tooth. If she does, which type of white blood cell would you expect to see in increased numbers in a differential count?

neutrophils

These are the most abundant leukocyte; they are formed in the bone marrow.

neutrophils

Which are NOT antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

neutrophils

Which cell is NOT correctly matched with the characteristic?

neutrophils - most difficult to identify

Diffuse lymphoid tissue includes

tonsils and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)

The specificity of an antibody is determined by the

variable region

Which is NOT matched correctly?

active adaptive immunity - immunity passed through the placenta or milk to offspring

In an experimental situation focused on the development of a new vaccine, mice were injected with a viral antigen. Their plasma was removed in order to detect the presence of antibodies. This is an example of

active immunity

C-reactive protein is a type of

acute-phase protein

Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity.

adaptive

Overactive immune responses to antigens are

allergies and hypersensitivity reactions

When the immune system creates a response that is out of proportion to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an

allergy or hypersensitivity reaction

A person with type A blood has

anti-B antibodies in his plasma

Stem cells that will form B lymphocytes are found in the

bone marrow

Which is NOT a pathogen?

cancer

Anil accidentally swallows a substance that activates the complement cascade in the absence of bound antibodies. This substance would

cause extensive cellular damage

Chemical signals that attract immune cells are known as

chemotaxins

When an antigen fragment is bound to a MHC class I molecule to form a MHC-I-antigen complex, it can stimulate a

cytotoxic T cell

Lymphocytes that attack body cells infected with viruses are

cytotoxic T cells

Which immune cells are also known as Langerhans cells?

dendritic cells

A decrease in which lymphocytes would decrease all parts of an immune response?

helper T cells

Cells that help to influence other immune cells are

helper T cells

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects

helper T cells

Swelling and soreness of the lymph nodes indicate that

immune cells are fighting infection

Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n) ________ response by the immune system.

incorrect

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of basophils. This would indicate that the tissue was

inflamed

Opsonins function by

marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them

An inflammatory response is triggered when

mast cells release granules containing histamine.

Lymphocytes and plasma cells

mediate the adaptive immune response and are found mainly in lymphoid tissue

Precursors of macrophages, these cells are relatively rare in blood because they are actually in transit to some other site.

monocytes

A patient with hay fever symptoms for a couple weeks comes to your office to be treated for his hay fever. If a white blood cell differential count was performed, which leukocytes would likely be increased?

monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

Viruses

must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic

NK cells cause apoptosis of viral-infected cells.

nonspecific

Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria

nonspecific

present at birth

nonspecific

Infected cells are killed by perforin and granzymes.

nonspecific and specific

Which is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

nonspecific immunity

MHC class II molecules are found

only on dendritic cells and macrophages.

In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help fight the same viral disease. This is an example of

passive immunity

Leukocytes recognize molecules that are unique to pathogens; thus, the molecules are

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM level for the mumps antigen. This would indicate the

person is just coming down with mumps

The initial cellular defense against pathogens are the

phagocytes

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

plasma cells

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane

Milly has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporin A, a drug that inhibits cytotoxic T cells. What does this medication do?

prevents rejection

A substance that induces fever is known as a(n)

pyrogen

Which acts as first line of defense against pathogens?

skin

Antibodies in breast milk protect a newborn baby from pathogens.

specific

The largest lymphoid organ(s) is/are the

spleen

Which represents the body's first line of defense to a pathogen?

stomach acid

A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably

tears

Athena has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This indicates

the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Stem cells that will form T lymphocytes mature in the

thymus


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