Chapter 24 Mastering
Lymphoid tissues include
All of the answers are correct. - thymus - lymph nodes - spleen - bone marrow
A patient has increased neutrophils and macrophages with normal levels of basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Which is the most likely cause of these test results?
a chronic bacterial infection
A patient has increased eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes. Which is the most likely cause of these test results?
a chronic parasitic infection
Chemotaxins function in
attracting additional immune cells
Cytokines function by
attracting immune cells and causing fever
Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of
bacteria
These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.
basophils
For a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must
bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane
Cytotoxic, these cells are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infestations.
eosinophils
Which correctly explains the relationship between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system?
Cytokines from the immune system can affect neuroendocrine function.
Ricardo wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from his finger and mixes it with various antibodies. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A antibody but not with the anti-B antibody. Therefore, which is true?
His plasma contains B antibodies
Immunoglobulins in external secretions are
IgA
present in breast milk
IgA
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B lymphocytes and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are
IgD
physiological role is unclear
IgD
Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are
IgE
binds to mast cells, triggering degranulation
IgE
Immunoglobulins that cross the placenta are
IgG
________ is the immunoglobulin class that make up 75% of antibodies in adult blood.
IgG
crosses the placenta
IgG
Immunoglobulins in early responses to pathogens are
IgM
reacts to blood group antigens
IgM
________ are the precursor cells of macrophages.
Monocytes
The cells that are actively involved in immune surveillance are the
NK cells
________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
Peyer's patches
The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the
T lymphocytes
Acute phase proteins are produced by the
liver
Estimated to reach populations of one trillion in normal adults, most of these cells reside in the lymphoid tissues of the body. These cells look quite similar to one another under the microscope, yet function very differently.
lymphocytes
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include
macrophages and monocytes
Meghan thinks she has an abscessed tooth. If she does, which type of white blood cell would you expect to see in increased numbers in a differential count?
neutrophils
These are the most abundant leukocyte; they are formed in the bone marrow.
neutrophils
Which are NOT antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
neutrophils
Which cell is NOT correctly matched with the characteristic?
neutrophils - most difficult to identify
Diffuse lymphoid tissue includes
tonsils and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
The specificity of an antibody is determined by the
variable region
Which is NOT matched correctly?
active adaptive immunity - immunity passed through the placenta or milk to offspring
In an experimental situation focused on the development of a new vaccine, mice were injected with a viral antigen. Their plasma was removed in order to detect the presence of antibodies. This is an example of
active immunity
C-reactive protein is a type of
acute-phase protein
Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity.
adaptive
Overactive immune responses to antigens are
allergies and hypersensitivity reactions
When the immune system creates a response that is out of proportion to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an
allergy or hypersensitivity reaction
A person with type A blood has
anti-B antibodies in his plasma
Stem cells that will form B lymphocytes are found in the
bone marrow
Which is NOT a pathogen?
cancer
Anil accidentally swallows a substance that activates the complement cascade in the absence of bound antibodies. This substance would
cause extensive cellular damage
Chemical signals that attract immune cells are known as
chemotaxins
When an antigen fragment is bound to a MHC class I molecule to form a MHC-I-antigen complex, it can stimulate a
cytotoxic T cell
Lymphocytes that attack body cells infected with viruses are
cytotoxic T cells
Which immune cells are also known as Langerhans cells?
dendritic cells
A decrease in which lymphocytes would decrease all parts of an immune response?
helper T cells
Cells that help to influence other immune cells are
helper T cells
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects
helper T cells
Swelling and soreness of the lymph nodes indicate that
immune cells are fighting infection
Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n) ________ response by the immune system.
incorrect
A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of basophils. This would indicate that the tissue was
inflamed
Opsonins function by
marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them
An inflammatory response is triggered when
mast cells release granules containing histamine.
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
mediate the adaptive immune response and are found mainly in lymphoid tissue
Precursors of macrophages, these cells are relatively rare in blood because they are actually in transit to some other site.
monocytes
A patient with hay fever symptoms for a couple weeks comes to your office to be treated for his hay fever. If a white blood cell differential count was performed, which leukocytes would likely be increased?
monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
Viruses
must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic
NK cells cause apoptosis of viral-infected cells.
nonspecific
Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria
nonspecific
present at birth
nonspecific
Infected cells are killed by perforin and granzymes.
nonspecific and specific
Which is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
nonspecific immunity
MHC class II molecules are found
only on dendritic cells and macrophages.
In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies against the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help fight the same viral disease. This is an example of
passive immunity
Leukocytes recognize molecules that are unique to pathogens; thus, the molecules are
pathogen-associated molecular patterns
In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM level for the mumps antigen. This would indicate the
person is just coming down with mumps
The initial cellular defense against pathogens are the
phagocytes
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are
plasma cells
A person's blood type is determined by the
presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane
Milly has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporin A, a drug that inhibits cytotoxic T cells. What does this medication do?
prevents rejection
A substance that induces fever is known as a(n)
pyrogen
Which acts as first line of defense against pathogens?
skin
Antibodies in breast milk protect a newborn baby from pathogens.
specific
The largest lymphoid organ(s) is/are the
spleen
Which represents the body's first line of defense to a pathogen?
stomach acid
A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably
tears
Athena has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This indicates
the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
Stem cells that will form T lymphocytes mature in the
thymus