Fetal genitourinary system

Having more than the normal number of digits is : a . polydactyly . b . clinodactyly . c . multidigitopia . d . sirenomelia .

A

Which of the following best describes hypospadias ? a . OEIS complex in the presence of a hydrocele b . The chronic obstruction of the renal pelvis and urethra c . The underdevelopment of the scrotum in the presence of a hydrocele d . An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

D

Which of the following is considered a sonographic marker for Down syndrome ? a . Megacystis b . Urethral atresia c . Ureterocele d . Pyelectasis

D

Prune belly syndrome is caused by : a . an enlarged bladder . b . unilateral renal agenesis . c . bilateral renal agenesis . d . hypospadias .

A

The " I " in OEIS complex stands for a . imperforate anus . b . ileal dysfunction . c . irregular bladder enlargement d . iniencephaly .

A

The " keyhole " sign describes the sonographic findings of a ( n ) : a . enlarged bladder and dilated urethra . b . bilateral renal agenesis . c . unilateral renal agenesis . d . dilation of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter .

A

The syndrome associated with an occipital encephalocele , cystic renal disease , and polydactyly is : a . Meckel - Gruber syndrome . b . Potter syndrome . c . VACTERL association d . sirenomelia syndrome

A

What is a common cause of a bladder outlet obstruction in the male fetus ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Hydronephrosis c . Urethral atresia d . Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of bilateral , enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios ? a . ARPKD b . MCDK c . Renal cystic dysplasia d . ADPKD

A

Which of the following would cause a bladder outlet obstruction ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Fetal ovarian cyst c . Pelviectasis d . Pelvocaliectasis

A

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy ? a . Unilateral renal agenesis b . Bilateral renal agenesis c . Pelvic kidney d . Horseshoe kidneys

A

All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except : a . bilateral MCDK disease . b . unilateral renal agenesis . c . bilateral renal agenesis . d . ARPKD .

B

Before 9 weeks , the fetal kidneys are located within the : a . renal fossae . b . pelvis . c . chest . d . umbilical cord .

B

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes : a . renal agenesis . b . horseshoe kidneys . c . moiety . d . Meckel - Gruber syndrome .

B

The " lying - down " adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of : a . enlarged bladder and urethra b . renal agenesis . c . MCDK disease . d . posterior urethral valves .

B

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the : a . lower abdomen b . pelvis . c . chest . d . contralateral quadrant

B

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is : a . multicystic dysplastic renal disease . b . autosomal dominant polycystic disease . c . autosomal recessive polycystic disease . d . obstructive cystic dysplasia .

B

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction ? a . UVJ obstruction b . UPJ obstruction c . Vesicoureteral reflux d . Urethral atresia

B

What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed after 20 weeks ' gestation ? a . 2 mm b . 10 mm c . 7 mm d . 1.2 cm

B

Which of the following is associated with sirenomelia ? a . ADPKD b . Bilateral renal agenesis c . Infantile polycystic disease d . MCDK

B

Which of the following is not part of Potter syndrome ? a . Abnormal facial features b . Horseshoe kidneys c . Pulmonary hypoplasia d . Bilateral renal agenesis

B

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is : a . caliectasis . b . hydrocele . c . hydronephrosis . d . pyonephrosis .

C

Bladder exstrophy describes : a . absence of the cloaca . b . protrusion of the bladder into the umbilicus . c . external position of the bladder . d . enlargement of the bladder .

C

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except : a . omphalocele . b . spina bifida . c . encephalocele . d . imperforate anus .

C

Cryptorchidism describes : a . bilateral pelvic kidneys . b . urethral atresia . c . undescended testicles d . ovarian dysgenesis .

C

Failure of the kidneys to form is called : a . hydronephrosis . b . renal dysplasia c . renal agenesis d . renal ectopia .

C

Fluid surrounding the fetal testicle is referred to as : a . hydroureter . b . hydronephrosis . c . hydrocele . d . hydroscrotum .

C

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks ' gestation . What is the most likely etiology of these masses ? a . ARPKD b . ADPKD c . MCDK d . Hydronephrosis

C

Pyelectasis refers to : a . enlargement of the urinary bladder , ureter , and renal calices . b . dilation of the ureter . c . dilation of the renal pelvis . d . enlargement of the ureter only

C

The " keyhole " sign would be seen in all of the following situations except : a . urethral atresia . b . prune belly syndrome . c . autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease . d . posterior urethral valves .

C

The fetal urinary bladder fills and empties approximately every : a . 10 minutes b . 15 minutes . c . 30 minutes . d . 60 minutes .

C

The type of renal cystic disease adult liver and pancreatic cysts is : associated with a . MCDK . b . ARPKD . c . ADPKD . d . VATER .

C

What is the canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois ? a . Cloaca b . Moiety c . Urachus d . Perineum

C

What is the most common fetal renal tumor ? a . Neuroblastoma b . Nephroblastoma c . Mesoblastic nephroma d . Wilms tumor

C

What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed before 20 weeks ' gestation ? a . 2 mm b . 10 mm c . 7 mm d . cm

C

An obstruction at the UVJ would lead to dilation of the : a . bladder and urethra . b . bladder , urethra , and ureters c . bladder , urethra , ureters , and renal collecting system . d . ureter and renal collecting system .

D

During an 18 - week sonogram , multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus . The other kidney appears to be normal . Which of the following would be an associated finding ? a . Megacystis b . Ovarian dysgenesis c . Hypospadias d . Normal amniotic fluid level

D

OEIS complex is also referred to as : a . bladder exstrophy . b . omphalocele . c . Potter syndrome d . cloacal exstrophy .

D

Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the : a . renal pelvis and bladder . b . bladder and ureter . c . ureter and renal pelvis . d . renal pelvis and calices .

D

The " lying - down " adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except : a . unilateral renal agenesis b . bilateral renal agenesis . c . Potter syndrome d . pyelectasis

D

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines a . renal agenesis . b . ovarian dysgenesis . c . clitoromegaly . d . ambiguous genitalia .

D

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the : a . nephroblastoma . b . pheochromocytoma . c . hepatoblastoma . d . neuroblastoma .

D

What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram ? a . Anencephaly b . Spina bifida c . Cleft lip d . Hydronephrosis

D

What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Urethral atresia c . Prune belly syndrome d . Megacystis

D

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts ? a . MCDK disease b . Obstructive cystic dysplasia c . Hydronephrotic syndrome d . ARPKD

D

Which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome ? a . Megacystis b . Undescended testis c . Dilated urinary bladder and urethra d . Abdominal muscle hypertrophy

D

Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly ? a . Horseshoe kidneys b . Pelvic kidneys c . Renal agenesis d . Duplex collecting system

D