Fetal genitourinary system
Having more than the normal number of digits is : a . polydactyly . b . clinodactyly . c . multidigitopia . d . sirenomelia .
A
Which of the following best describes hypospadias ? a . OEIS complex in the presence of a hydrocele b . The chronic obstruction of the renal pelvis and urethra c . The underdevelopment of the scrotum in the presence of a hydrocele d . An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis
D
Which of the following is considered a sonographic marker for Down syndrome ? a . Megacystis b . Urethral atresia c . Ureterocele d . Pyelectasis
D
Prune belly syndrome is caused by : a . an enlarged bladder . b . unilateral renal agenesis . c . bilateral renal agenesis . d . hypospadias .
A
The " I " in OEIS complex stands for a . imperforate anus . b . ileal dysfunction . c . irregular bladder enlargement d . iniencephaly .
A
The " keyhole " sign describes the sonographic findings of a ( n ) : a . enlarged bladder and dilated urethra . b . bilateral renal agenesis . c . unilateral renal agenesis . d . dilation of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter .
A
The syndrome associated with an occipital encephalocele , cystic renal disease , and polydactyly is : a . Meckel - Gruber syndrome . b . Potter syndrome . c . VACTERL association d . sirenomelia syndrome
A
What is a common cause of a bladder outlet obstruction in the male fetus ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Hydronephrosis c . Urethral atresia d . Vesicoureteral reflux
A
Which of the following would be the most likely cause of bilateral , enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios ? a . ARPKD b . MCDK c . Renal cystic dysplasia d . ADPKD
A
Which of the following would cause a bladder outlet obstruction ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Fetal ovarian cyst c . Pelviectasis d . Pelvocaliectasis
A
Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy ? a . Unilateral renal agenesis b . Bilateral renal agenesis c . Pelvic kidney d . Horseshoe kidneys
A
All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except : a . bilateral MCDK disease . b . unilateral renal agenesis . c . bilateral renal agenesis . d . ARPKD .
B
Before 9 weeks , the fetal kidneys are located within the : a . renal fossae . b . pelvis . c . chest . d . umbilical cord .
B
Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes : a . renal agenesis . b . horseshoe kidneys . c . moiety . d . Meckel - Gruber syndrome .
B
The " lying - down " adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of : a . enlarged bladder and urethra b . renal agenesis . c . MCDK disease . d . posterior urethral valves .
B
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the : a . lower abdomen b . pelvis . c . chest . d . contralateral quadrant
B
The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is : a . multicystic dysplastic renal disease . b . autosomal dominant polycystic disease . c . autosomal recessive polycystic disease . d . obstructive cystic dysplasia .
B
What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in the neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction ? a . UVJ obstruction b . UPJ obstruction c . Vesicoureteral reflux d . Urethral atresia
B
What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed after 20 weeks ' gestation ? a . 2 mm b . 10 mm c . 7 mm d . 1.2 cm
B
Which of the following is associated with sirenomelia ? a . ADPKD b . Bilateral renal agenesis c . Infantile polycystic disease d . MCDK
B
Which of the following is not part of Potter syndrome ? a . Abnormal facial features b . Horseshoe kidneys c . Pulmonary hypoplasia d . Bilateral renal agenesis
B
Another name for pelvocaliectasis is : a . caliectasis . b . hydrocele . c . hydronephrosis . d . pyonephrosis .
C
Bladder exstrophy describes : a . absence of the cloaca . b . protrusion of the bladder into the umbilicus . c . external position of the bladder . d . enlargement of the bladder .
C
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except : a . omphalocele . b . spina bifida . c . encephalocele . d . imperforate anus .
C
Cryptorchidism describes : a . bilateral pelvic kidneys . b . urethral atresia . c . undescended testicles d . ovarian dysgenesis .
C
Failure of the kidneys to form is called : a . hydronephrosis . b . renal dysplasia c . renal agenesis d . renal ectopia .
C
Fluid surrounding the fetal testicle is referred to as : a . hydroureter . b . hydronephrosis . c . hydrocele . d . hydroscrotum .
C
Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks ' gestation . What is the most likely etiology of these masses ? a . ARPKD b . ADPKD c . MCDK d . Hydronephrosis
C
Pyelectasis refers to : a . enlargement of the urinary bladder , ureter , and renal calices . b . dilation of the ureter . c . dilation of the renal pelvis . d . enlargement of the ureter only
C
The " keyhole " sign would be seen in all of the following situations except : a . urethral atresia . b . prune belly syndrome . c . autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease . d . posterior urethral valves .
C
The fetal urinary bladder fills and empties approximately every : a . 10 minutes b . 15 minutes . c . 30 minutes . d . 60 minutes .
C
The type of renal cystic disease adult liver and pancreatic cysts is : associated with a . MCDK . b . ARPKD . c . ADPKD . d . VATER .
C
What is the canal connecting the fetal bladder with the allantois ? a . Cloaca b . Moiety c . Urachus d . Perineum
C
What is the most common fetal renal tumor ? a . Neuroblastoma b . Nephroblastoma c . Mesoblastic nephroma d . Wilms tumor
C
What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed before 20 weeks ' gestation ? a . 2 mm b . 10 mm c . 7 mm d . cm
C
An obstruction at the UVJ would lead to dilation of the : a . bladder and urethra . b . bladder , urethra , and ureters c . bladder , urethra , ureters , and renal collecting system . d . ureter and renal collecting system .
D
During an 18 - week sonogram , multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus . The other kidney appears to be normal . Which of the following would be an associated finding ? a . Megacystis b . Ovarian dysgenesis c . Hypospadias d . Normal amniotic fluid level
D
OEIS complex is also referred to as : a . bladder exstrophy . b . omphalocele . c . Potter syndrome d . cloacal exstrophy .
D
Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the : a . renal pelvis and bladder . b . bladder and ureter . c . ureter and renal pelvis . d . renal pelvis and calices .
D
The " lying - down " adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except : a . unilateral renal agenesis b . bilateral renal agenesis . c . Potter syndrome d . pyelectasis
D
The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines a . renal agenesis . b . ovarian dysgenesis . c . clitoromegaly . d . ambiguous genitalia .
D
The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the : a . nephroblastoma . b . pheochromocytoma . c . hepatoblastoma . d . neuroblastoma .
D
What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram ? a . Anencephaly b . Spina bifida c . Cleft lip d . Hydronephrosis
D
What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder ? a . Posterior urethral valves b . Urethral atresia c . Prune belly syndrome d . Megacystis
D
Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts ? a . MCDK disease b . Obstructive cystic dysplasia c . Hydronephrotic syndrome d . ARPKD
D
Which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome ? a . Megacystis b . Undescended testis c . Dilated urinary bladder and urethra d . Abdominal muscle hypertrophy
D
Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly ? a . Horseshoe kidneys b . Pelvic kidneys c . Renal agenesis d . Duplex collecting system
D
