Film

After the release of Kandahar in 2000, renowned Iranian filmmaker Mohsen Makhmalbaf decided to stay in _____ and help in building schools and hospitals.

Afghanistan

In the context of African cinema, most African countries did not produce a feature-length film before the mid-1970s because of:

Africa's poverty.

The Francophone North African countries known as the Maghreb were in a better position to develop filmmaking than elsewhere in the region. The most significant film industry in the Maghreb was:

Algeria's.

Which prominent Israeli filmmaker made documentaries and fiction films that commented critically on Israeli history and society with funding from Canal Plus and other foreign sources?

Amos Gitai

In 1996, a conservative Liberal-National Party coalition took power in Australia. Identify a development in Australian cinema during this phase.

An expensive failure, Gillian Armstrong's Oscar and Lucinda (1997), made high government subsidies seem unjustified.

Which critic found the films of Luis Buñuel to be deeply moralistic?

André Bazin

Which important Italian film of the 1960s used documentary conventions and a complex flashback structure to portray the Algerian war for independence?

Battle of Algiers

Blood of the Condor, directed by Jorge Sanjinés, played a large role in banning the U.S. Peace Corps from:

Bolivia.

Which American film, directed by Arthur Penn, popularized the use of slow motion to render extreme violence?

Bonnie and Clyde

Jean Renoir's French reputation rose partly because of a reevaluation of his work published in the January 1952 issue of:

Cahiers du cinema.

In 1977, Ousmane Sembène's _____ had helped initiate a "return to the sources" in African film.

Ceddo

20th Century-Fox was pushed to a loss of over $40 million for the production of which early 1960s blockbuster?

Cleopatra

Which of the following changes took place in the USSR film industry because of the "thaw" in the 1950s?

Cold war subjects were played down.

Which of the following was NOT an incentive for European producers from different countries to join forces through coproduction?

Coproduction was typically immune to state censorship out of deference to differing standards in each partner country.

The films that circulated most widely in the Middle East after World War II were produced in:

Egypt

Identify a true statement about the 1960s Hollywood.

Film studios affiliated with music companies and fetched profits.

Which directors were fond of chopping off a graceful long take with sudden close-ups?

French New Wave directors

Identify a true statement about director Luis Buñuel's filmmaking style.

He used a straightforward style to heighten haunting images that disturb the received notion of religion.

West Germany's "economic miracle" of the early 1950s did not help reestablish an internationally competitive German cinema, primarily because:

Hollywood controlled a large part of German distribution and was permitted to use blind- and block-booking tactics already outlawed in the United States.

Movietown, a 46-acre complex of studios, sets, and laboratory facilities, was constructed by the Shaw Brothers company in 1961 in:

Hong Kong.

In the context of South America, which of the following statements is true of Ibermedia that was created in 1997?

It aimed to bring films to the international Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking audience.

Teinosuke Kinugasa's Gate of Hell (1954) self-consciously borrowed techniques of:

Japanese scroll painting.

Which French New Wave filmmaker is credited with designing shots that seem astonishingly flat?

Jean-Luc Godard

In the context of new cinemas and new audiences, small-scale investment led _____ to develop a thriving industry based on low-budget video features.

Nigeria

Which of the following films is an example of a meta-documentary?

Of Great Events and Ordinary People

What was the brand name of the light-weight, handheld camera introduced at the beginning of the 1970s and used for wide-angle long takes in films like Chinatown (1974)?

Panaflex

Avant-gardist Ernie Gehr created pulsating views down a corridor by alternating shots in which only the focal length of the lens changed in the film:

Serene Velocity.

Identify an outcome of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution declared by Mao Zedong in 1966 in China.

The arts were strictly controlled.

Identify a true statement about the films directed by French New Wave directors.

The characters' gratuitous actions bear traces of pop existentialism.

Which of the following statements is true of the principal Nouvelle Vague directors?

They believed that the director should express a personal vision of the world.

Identify a true statement about Structural filmmakers.

They concentrated the spectator's attention on a nonnarrative shape that organized their films.

Which of the following is American film critic Andrew Sarris's view of filmmaker Luis Buñuel's films?

They embodied a mystery's style without style.

Identify a true statement about postwar modernist filmmakers.

They sought to be truer to life than they considered most classical filmmakers had been.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the four French films directed by Max Ophüls in the 1950s?

They were set in picturesque locales.

Identify a true statement about Second Cinema.

Unlike First Cinema, it fostered individual expression.

The Bicycle Thief was directed by:

Vittorio De Sica.

The increased production of short films by new French filmmakers during the early 1950s was motivated by:

a provision in the French aid law that encouraged short filmmaking.

The most popular German film genre following World War II was the Heimat film. It was:

a tale of village romance.

Which documentary convention is NOT used in Barbara Kopple's film Harlan County USA?

a voice-over commentator

Identify a stylistic resource of new cinemas adopted by Brazil's filmmakers in the 1960s.

ambiguous leaps between fantasy and reality

Which of the following qualities was NOT typical of the Tradition of Quality films?

an explicit critique of the French society

The most politically provocative works of Eastern European and Soviet cinema of the late 1960s and 1970s often:

asserted the individuality of the artist's imagination.

In Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino's essay "Towards a Third Cinema," Second Cinema is defined as:

auteur-centered art cinema.

The French filmmaker Jean-Pierre Melville gained most fame for such dry, laconic gangster films as Bob le flambeur, Le Doulos, Le Deuxième souffle, and Le Samouraï. These films teem with bravura techniques that involve:

available-light shooting.

The French critics' writing in the early issues of Cahiers du cinéma praised those European and American directors who:

composed or controlled their scripts.

Daiei, one of Japan's major film companies, entered the international film market during the 1950s by producing:

costume pictures about Japanese historical subjects.

Which technique of style or narrative used by director Mikhail Kalatozov in the 1957 film The Cranes Are Flying did NOT represent a departure from the Socialist Realist-influenced Soviet films of the postwar decade?

deep-focus compositions

The revolutionary model performance film, a genre developed in China during the Cultural Revolution, was based on stage works that blended all of the following elements EXCEPT:

direct cinema-style camerawork.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, banks forced the beleaguered Majors to do all of the following EXCEPT:

divest themselves of their distribution companies.

A 1959 French law created the avance sur recettes ("advance on receipts") system, which:

financed first features on the basis of a script.

Frederick Wiseman's 1960s and early 1970s Direct Cinema documentaries are distinguished by their:

focus on the mundane affairs of social institutions.

Starting with his chamber dramas, such as Brink of Life (1958), Ingmar Bergman shot entire scenes:

in frontal close-up.

Typically, the films of Czech animator Jan Švankmajer:

include events that follow the illogic of dreams.

Argentine directors Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino designed their film The Hour of the Furnaces to be:

interrupted by discussions among the audience.

Protectionist action often strengthened Hollywood's foreign domination. U.S. firms could recover currency earned abroad by:

investing in foreign films and importing them to America.

One of André Bazin's major contributions to postwar French film theory was a close examination of the cinematic potential of:

long takes and deep focus.

During Mikhail Gorbachev's rule, several Soviet filmmakers:

made stinging documentaries about history and contemporary life.

Hollywood's strategy in Europe following the end of World War II was to:

make each country's domestic industry strong enough to support the large-scale distribution of American films.

The Paramount decision's ban on block booking and with access to larger theaters, the small studios could compete better by:

making bigger-budget films, than before.

According to critics, most films directed by Akira Kurosawa feature:

men who curb selfish desires and work for the good of others.

The French Tradition of Quality director Henri-Georges Clouzot was somewhat detached from his contemporaries. He gained international fame by specializing in:

mordant suspense films.

Which of the following was NOT a reason behind an increase in film production in eastern bloc European nations during the 1950s?

more centralized industry controls

Pressurized by the U.S. government, the Motion Picture Export Association of America (MPEAA) companies stopped shipping prints to Chile in the early 1970s because:

of the election of the Marxist Salvador Allende to the presidency.

Director Luis Buñuel's plots depend particularly on:

outrageous delays.

In the mid-1950s, sixty percent of the world's feature films were made:

outside Western countries and the Soviet bloc.

When Hollywood was enjoying the high box-office receipts of 1946 and its international market was also expanding, the government, seeing cinema as _____, assisted film export through Commerce Department initiatives and diplomatic pressures.

propaganda for American democracy

In comparison with Structural films, underground film _____.

reached a broad public through accessible humor and shock value

Direct Cinema after the mid-1960s found wide audiences in the emerging genre of documentaries about:

rock music.

The Occupation period of the French cinema popularized the notion that the mature sound cinema would be the age of the:

scriptwriter

For both aesthetic and economic reasons, most politicized Latin American directors:

sed a lightweight camera.

In the 1960s, while filmgoing was in decline in the West, the audience expanded in most other regions, largely because of:

steady migration from the countryside to the cities.

Hollywood committed itself to color film production by the late 1960s primarily because:

television networks demanded color films for broadcast.

The long lens became fashionable in the 1960s in Hollywood; it:

tended to flatten a shot's space.

Thailand illustrates the problems and prospects of small filmmaking countries. Which of the following factors hit Thailand particularly hard and caused film production to reduce to less than ten films?

the Asian financial crisis of 1997

The Godfather, a film of the New Hollywood, failed to lead to a renaissance of:

the gangster film.

In comparison to its Middle Eastern neighbors, Iran sustained a robust film industry. Which of the following factors led to turning the market over to local releases?

the government banning imported films

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to France's postwar climate of cinéphilie ("love of cinema")?

the mass release of wartime French films previously censored by the German officials

In France, which of the following happened one year after the Blum-Byrnes accord of 1946 eliminated France's prewar quotas on American films?

the number of American imports increased and the number of French productions decreased

The phrase the "Italian Spring" refers to:

the rebirth of Italy based on ideas implemented by a coalition government of left-liberal Italian parties.

Which of the following Structural techniques continued to stimulate experimental filmmakers in the 1970s and later?

the search for minimal conditions of cinema

The major 1950s films of director Ingmar Bergman tend to reflect upon the relation between:

theater and life.

After a complex series of decisions, appeals, and legal maneuvers, in 1948 the U.S. Supreme Court declared that eight companies had been guilty of monopolistic practices and the Court ordered the Majors to divest themselves of their:

theater chains.

Many French New Wave films satisfied producers' financial demands. These films could be made quickly for less than half the usual cost because:

they involved small crews.

For filmmakers working in the Soviet bloc countries, the period immediately following World War II was typically one of:

tight political control.

Objective realism led postwar modernist filmmakers:

toward episodic, slice-of-life narratives that avoided Hollywood's tight plots.

The female characters in the Tradition of Quality films were often:

treated as mysterious and unattainable.

In 1950, Eastman introduced a monopack (single-strip) color film. Unlike Technicolor, the monopack stock _____.

was easier to use with the widescreen dimensions of the day

By the 1970s, fiction filmmakers were shooting shot/reverse-shot exchanges almost entirely:

with long lenses.

The 1960s films of Richard Lester, including A Hard Day's Night and Help!, created a vogue for:

wordless montage sequences backed by pop songs.

French New Wave filmmaker Eric Rohmer was best known for:

wry studies of men and women struggling to balance intelligence with emotional impulses.

Cinerama, a three-projector system that created a multipaneled image, premiered in 1952. Theaters showed the film on three mechanically interlocked projectors, _____.

yielding a sprawling 2.59:1 image on a curved 146-degree screen

The stereoscopic process used in 1950s in films like Bwana Devil and House of Wax is better known as:

"3-D."

In 2006, Pixar was acquired by:

Disney.

Which of the following statements is true of multiplexing in the 1990s?

The new European multiplexes usually provided ample parking and adjacent malls with restaurants, bars, and shops.

In the context of the blockbuster mentality, identify a true statement about prestige pictures.

They were often based on literary classics.

Live-action films could be shot in 3D or converted from 2D versions. A 3D version of _____ found success released as a Christmas classic.

Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas

Red Sorghum (1987), the most popular early Fifth Generation work, both in China and abroad, was directed by:

Zhang Yimou.

In 1975, of the 4,000 or so feature films made worldwide, about _____ came from the Asian Pacific region.

a fifth

A film series with sequels and prequels featuring the same characters and story world is known as _____.

a franchise

Media giants outside America might buy up distribution outlets and theatre screens, and they could pour billions into Hollywood films. The early thinking was that a truly global film would need to succeed in the United States, and the film would therefore need to:

be in English.

From the 1980s onward, what sustained the industry in Japan, both at home and abroad, were the cartoons known as anime. Filmmakers exploited all of the following elements EXCEPT:

complex movement of classic animation.

Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) was the most financially successful Asian film of its time and won four Academy Awards. Which of the following features of this film defied the early thinking of a truly global film?

dialogues in Mandarin

After the 1970s, the major Hollywood companies held power primarily by controlling:

distribution

The Third World film genre known in African cinema as the "return to the sources":

drew on folklore, myth, and ritual to reflect critically upon native traditions or contemporary politics.

After the establishment of Farabi Cinema Foundation in 1983, which of the following films was most likely to attract a large audience in Iran?

films about children

Between 1996 and 2000, the European Union shifted the focus of its MEDIA program to all of the following activities EXCEPT:

funding productions.

Japanese director Takeshi Kitano, who directed Sonatine, won praise on the international film scene in the 1990s for his:

harsh gangster movies.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the new Australian cinema was largely identified with:

historical films.

To maximize their global audience, and to undercut piracy, the Hollywood studios in the 2000s:

increasingly aimed at day-and-date release, putting the film on offshore screens at the same.

During the 1990s and early 2000s, standard definition and then high definition (HD) cameras improved video quality dramatically. They were embraced mostly by:

independent and DIY filmmakers.

Which of the following was NOT a significant strategy adopted by the Majors during the 1980s and 1990s for offsetting the costs of making blockbusters?

international coproductions

During the 1980s and 1990s, toys and insects with little surface texture were used as characters in Pixar's Toy Story and A Bug's Life (1998) because:

limitations in computer speed and memory confined animators to smooth surfaces and simple shapes.

Filmmakers who formerly would have used 8mm or 16mm film turned almost wholly to digital media. One festival could only have emerged in the digital era that challenged amateurs to:

make a short film in two days, with the results screened immediately.

In _____, performers with dots attached to their bodies were recorded by digital cameras at the shooting stage.

motion capture

Pioneered on 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and other projects, _____ was extensively used in Star Wars IV: A New Hope (1977).

motion control

At the start of the 1990s, the studios and the U.S. independents were pumping out many films but most countries had comparatively few places to show them. Which of the following could have been the natural solution?

multiplexing

Which of the following terms refers to preparing a simple, digitally animated version of a sequence or film?

previsualization

Yasujiro Ozu's postwar films usually center on:

family crises.

By 2000, home video was yielding an annual $20 billion worldwide, or:

three times the North American box-office income.

According to French filmmaker and theorist Alexandre Astruc, a filmmaker-author uses a camera as a:

writer uses a pen.

At the start of the 1980s, all the Majors EXCEPT _____ had become wings of diversified conglomerates.

20th Century-Fox

In the postwar era, the German Arriflex would become the standard nonstudio:

35mm camera.

Although Hollywood produced only a small fraction of the world's feature films by the 1990s, it garnered about _____ of theatrical motion picture revenues.

75 percent

On average, every week _____ Americans went to movies in 1946, out of a population of 140 million.

80 to 90 million

_____, a film of the 1990s, won the Grand Prize at Cannes, and its look was inspired by the loose camerawork in the television series Homicide: Life on the Streets.

Breaking the Waves

In 1988, Kinepolis opened on the outskirts of _____, with 24 screens, an IMAX theater, and 7,400 seats—at that time, the largest movie complex in the world.

Brussels

In the context of the digital cinema initiative, the whole batch of audio, video, and encryption files became a "Digital Cinema Package" (DCP). Identify a true statement about the DCP.

It could be opened only with an alphanumeric key that was sent separately to the theater.

In 1994, Lee Tamahori's film _____ became the top locally made film at the box office in New Zealand. Its tale of domestic violence in a working-class urban Maori family both reflected local life and had an appeal abroad.

Once Were Warriors

One of the prominent Mini-Majors founded in 1980 by the management team who left United Artists was:

Orion.

The first feature film to use digital intermediates for color manipulation was:

Pleasantville

In September, Republican J. Parnell Thomas chaired a House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) for hearing that set out to prove that the _____ was dominated by Communists.

Screen Writers' Guild

Which of the following Asian nations did NOT experience the rise of "New Cinemas" in the 1980s?

South Korea

The Italian Neorealist filmmakers often used nonactors in lead roles in the manner of:

Soviet style.

Identify a true statement about cooperation and cooptation

The Disney company taught Hollywood to keep the world market in mind at all times.

In the context of the blockbuster mentality, which of the following statements is true of the prime audience of Hollywood at home and abroad?

The audience enjoyed fantasy and science fiction, horror, and lowbrow comedy.

"Synergy" is defined as:

The coordination of several compatible business lines to maximize income

In the United States, the market shed nearly 3,000 screens. The crash came in 2000-2001 when:

several major exhibitors filed for bankruptcy.

The New Zealand Film Commission was established in 1978 to:

support films at the preproduction stage and to help them find private investment.