final 2

Which type of local wind would you expect to experience during daylight hours (particularly afternoons) in coastal regions?

onshore wind

Which atmospheric lifting mechanism is produced by a physical barrier (such as a mountain)?

orographic

Which of the following is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere by volume?

oxygen

The force that initiates air flow in the atmosphere is the

pressure gradient force

Which of the following atmospheric processes returns some of the incoming solar radiation back to space before it reaches Earth's surface?

reflection

If an air parcel is warmer than the surrounding environment it will generally

rise

Objects with higher temperatures emit _______ wavelength radiation compared to objects with lower temperatures

shorter

Desert climates are typically surrounded by

steppe climates.

The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozonosphere is the

stratosphere

Temperatures increase with increasing altitude in which two atmospheric layers?

stratosphere and thermosphere

When isobars are close together, what would be experienced?

strong (fast) winds

What is absorbed and reradiated in Earth's "greenhouse"?

thermal infrared

On Earth, the Sun passes directly overhead at Santa Barbara __________ times a year.

0

Which of the following is correct regarding wind essentials?

The lowest air pressure ever recorded was in a hurricane

A map of annual global temperature range shows that the

greatest ranges occur in east central Siberia in Russia

Greenhouse gases act to __________ temperatures by __________ thermal infrared radiation.

increase ; absorbing and re-emitting

The layer of the atmosphere that absorbs cosmic rays and very short wavelengths (such as X-rays) is the

ionosphere

Migrating rivers of upper-level wind that influence surface weather systems are called

jet streams

The single most important control on temperature is

latitude

The warm and temperate climate regions that experience mild winters are known as the

mesothermal climates

Mesothermal climates are characterized by

midlatitudes, mild winters

The balance between incoming shortwave energy from the Sun and all outgoing radiation from Earth and the atmosphere is called

net radiation

Which of the following is not a cloud shape used in cloud classification?

nimboform

During summer, cities located near the coast are typically __________ than those in the interior at the same latitude, while in the winter they are typically __________.

cooler; warmer

When an air parcel rises it

could and expands

In the northern hemisphere, wind flows

counterclockwise into low pressure

Which cloud type is associated with thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes?

cumulonimbus

Which of the following shows the correct order of the life cycle stages of a midlatitude cyclone?

cyclogenesis, open, occluded, dissolving

Which of the following is not a potential strategy for decreasing the impact of the urban heat island effect?

dark-colored pavements

Thermohaline circulation refers to

deep ocean circulation.

The subtropical high would be most likely associated with which type of climates?

dry climates

Which part of a hurricane consists of dry, descending air?

eye

The pressure gradient force (PGF) causes air to flow

from higher pressure towards lower pressure

Which of these latitudes would most likely experience an annual net energy surplus?

20° North latitude

Earth's average overall albedo is approximately

30 percent

A tropical cyclone is considered a hurricane when sustained winds exceed

74 mph (119 kmh)

Which of these air parcels could absorb the most water vapor?

a warm air parcel with low relative humidity

Which type of fog is associated with warm, moist air flowing over cooler surfaces?

advection fog

Which of the following factors that influence Earth's radiation budget is the most variable?

cloud cover

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is composed of wavelengths slightly shorter than visible light?

ultraviolet

In normal years, the eastern Pacific off the coast of Peru is a region of

upwelling cold water

Which of the following is not considered an anthropogenic pollutant?

volcanic ash

What weather conditions would you expect to find within the subtropical high pressure systems?

warm, wet conditions