final 2
Which type of local wind would you expect to experience during daylight hours (particularly afternoons) in coastal regions?
onshore wind
Which atmospheric lifting mechanism is produced by a physical barrier (such as a mountain)?
orographic
Which of the following is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere by volume?
oxygen
The force that initiates air flow in the atmosphere is the
pressure gradient force
Which of the following atmospheric processes returns some of the incoming solar radiation back to space before it reaches Earth's surface?
reflection
If an air parcel is warmer than the surrounding environment it will generally
rise
Objects with higher temperatures emit _______ wavelength radiation compared to objects with lower temperatures
shorter
Desert climates are typically surrounded by
steppe climates.
The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozonosphere is the
stratosphere
Temperatures increase with increasing altitude in which two atmospheric layers?
stratosphere and thermosphere
When isobars are close together, what would be experienced?
strong (fast) winds
What is absorbed and reradiated in Earth's "greenhouse"?
thermal infrared
On Earth, the Sun passes directly overhead at Santa Barbara __________ times a year.
0
Which of the following is correct regarding wind essentials?
The lowest air pressure ever recorded was in a hurricane
A map of annual global temperature range shows that the
greatest ranges occur in east central Siberia in Russia
Greenhouse gases act to __________ temperatures by __________ thermal infrared radiation.
increase ; absorbing and re-emitting
The layer of the atmosphere that absorbs cosmic rays and very short wavelengths (such as X-rays) is the
ionosphere
Migrating rivers of upper-level wind that influence surface weather systems are called
jet streams
The single most important control on temperature is
latitude
The warm and temperate climate regions that experience mild winters are known as the
mesothermal climates
Mesothermal climates are characterized by
midlatitudes, mild winters
The balance between incoming shortwave energy from the Sun and all outgoing radiation from Earth and the atmosphere is called
net radiation
Which of the following is not a cloud shape used in cloud classification?
nimboform
During summer, cities located near the coast are typically __________ than those in the interior at the same latitude, while in the winter they are typically __________.
cooler; warmer
When an air parcel rises it
could and expands
In the northern hemisphere, wind flows
counterclockwise into low pressure
Which cloud type is associated with thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes?
cumulonimbus
Which of the following shows the correct order of the life cycle stages of a midlatitude cyclone?
cyclogenesis, open, occluded, dissolving
Which of the following is not a potential strategy for decreasing the impact of the urban heat island effect?
dark-colored pavements
Thermohaline circulation refers to
deep ocean circulation.
The subtropical high would be most likely associated with which type of climates?
dry climates
Which part of a hurricane consists of dry, descending air?
eye
The pressure gradient force (PGF) causes air to flow
from higher pressure towards lower pressure
Which of these latitudes would most likely experience an annual net energy surplus?
20° North latitude
Earth's average overall albedo is approximately
30 percent
A tropical cyclone is considered a hurricane when sustained winds exceed
74 mph (119 kmh)
Which of these air parcels could absorb the most water vapor?
a warm air parcel with low relative humidity
Which type of fog is associated with warm, moist air flowing over cooler surfaces?
advection fog
Which of the following factors that influence Earth's radiation budget is the most variable?
cloud cover
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum is composed of wavelengths slightly shorter than visible light?
ultraviolet
In normal years, the eastern Pacific off the coast of Peru is a region of
upwelling cold water
Which of the following is not considered an anthropogenic pollutant?
volcanic ash
What weather conditions would you expect to find within the subtropical high pressure systems?
warm, wet conditions