Final
fireproof
obsolete term for resistance to fire, however nothing is fireproof but water. A better term for this would be fire resistance
Risk / Benefit Anaylsis
Can lives be saved at the risk of firefighters
136) Regular dry chemicals (sodium bicarbonate-based and potassium-based) work on what class fires?
Classes B and C.
What type of extrication method is used to stabilize a vehicle that is upside down or lying on its side? (517) A. Lifting jack system B. Buttress tension system C. Adjustable struts system D. Pneumatic lifting bag system
B. Buttress tension system
Carbon monoxide
Colorless, odorless, dangerous has formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. Combines with hemoglobin 200 times faster than oxygen, decreasing the blood's ability to carry oxygen
For which type of hose lay must hose be loaded into the hose bed in two separate hose bed compartments?
Combination lay
4) In the Incident Command System (ICS), the functional area responsible for all incident activities, including the development and implementation of strategic decisions, is:
Command.
A waterproof carrier or bag used to carry and catch debris or used as a water sump basin for immersing small burning objects is called a: A. Chute. B. Catchall. C. Carryall. D. Floor runner.
C
20) When using positive pressure SCBA, a poor seal between the face piece and the fire fighters face is:
Dangerous, because it is depleting the air supply more quickly.
In the ______ stage of fire, collapse becomes very likely due to the weakened state of structural members and the buildup of water
Decay
In Type I construction, the primary collapse zone hazard is _____ _____
Flying glass
Flashover also indicates the end of a fire's _________________________ and the beginning of its __________________________.
Growth Stage Fully Developed Stage
Look and Feel
How to inspect life safety rope
NFPA 101
Life Safety Code, established requirements for means of egress
It's ______________________________ (and density) and can be altered by changes in: ___________________________ and/or ____________________________.
Physical State Temperature Pressure
Results of Backdraft Structural -_________________________________
Possible Collapse
The ignition of unburned fire gases at the top of the compartment is known as:
rollover
57) The common length of the straight ground ladder is usually between what to what in feet?
12 to 24 feet.
What initial action is the next priority after stabilizing the scene? (533) A. Stabilize the victim B. Size-up the situation C. Establish scene security D. Communicate information
A. Stabilize the victim
Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
NFPA 14
Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions
NFPA 1403
_________________________-The complete chemical reaction of organic materials with oxygen or other oxidizing agents resulting in the formation of more stable chemical compounds.
Oxidation
Ignition Requires - An adequate supply of __________________ or another oxidizing agent.
Oxygen
In order for flashover to occur, a few conditions must be present: Sufficient _________________________ must be available to support the increased rate of combustion.
Oxygen
_________________________ is the most common oxidizer.
Oxygen
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) must be high enough to protect the lower leg? (267)
Protective footwear
Which of the following is telecommunication system
Public safety answering piont
triangle shirtwaist factory
resulted in the NFPA 101 life safety code (means of egress)
life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
3 tactical priorities in order of importance
Which type of nozzle can be adjusted, resulting in different patterns?
Fog
Which of the following is a disadvantage of nonthreaded couplings?
Hose can become uncoupled suddenly and violently
hazard zone
IDLH zone
Tag line specs. Size, length and storage configuration.
Nylon 7mm 75 feet Small Red Rope bag attached to each SCBA Harness
Equipment Line Specs. Size, lengths, and storage configuration.
Nylon 8mm 100 feet Yellow in color stored in a Yellow Bag
18) The telecommunications first responsibility is to:
Obtain the information that is required to dispatch the appropriate units to the correct location.
What describes the self-evacuation method of victim removal?
Occupants evacuate on their own with minimal assistance
98) The usual cause of collapse of open web steel joist is the:
Amount of heat generated by the fire in a structure.
BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
Using your opposite hand to support the hand holding the center punch prevents: (525) A. glass from breaking without warning B. glass shards from entering the vehicle C. glass from falling straight down onto victims D. the center punch from hitting the victim close to the glass
D. the center punch from hitting the victim close to the glass
Which of the following is a hydrant that receives water from only one direction.
Dead-end hydrant
Which of the following limitations of respiratory protection is created by the weight and resistance of harness straps? (296)
Decreased mobility
The RIT crew carries a hoseline to create:
Defensive Space
Solubility
Degree to which a solid, liquid, or gas dissolves in a solvent
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: _____________________ The denser the material, the more energy it takes to heat the object to a point at which it will give off a sufficient level of ignitable gases.
Density
148) When loading fire hose, the what serves to change the direction of the hose and can also change the location of a coupling?
Dutchman.
Flash point
The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with the air, near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used. (NFPA 30)
laid ropes
constructed by twisting fibers together to form strands. then twisting the strands (typically 3) together to make the final rope. used exclusively for utility rope.
what side of an opening should a fan be placed for negative pressure ventilation?
leeward
when performing tactical ventilation, the highest incident priority is...
life safety
POV
personally owned vehicle
Each construction type is defined by the construction materials and their performance when exposed to _____
Fire
People remember negative messages more than positives messages. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'False'.
In most cases, the best treatment for shock is:
transporting to a hospital.
great fire of 1904
unprotected elevator shaft and stairways, requirement for fire doors, walls, sprinklers, fire alarm boxes
Every gallon of water used to suppress a fire adds ____ lbs to floors that may already be weakened
8.33 lbs
Private dwelling fire safety surveys are performed: (1240) A. on a voluntary basis. B. when required by local laws. C. as code infractions become obvious. D. every time occupants change the structure.
on a voluntary basis.
BLEVE
An explosion caused by the rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid above its boiling point.
Which type of jack is operated by using the jack to tighten and support a shoring/stabilizing system? (494) A. Screw jack B. Hydraulic jack C. Trench screw jack D. Ratchet-lever jack
C. Trench screw jack
40) A K-Tool is correctly positioned when the blades bite into the:
Cylinder.
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
Description of any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate, irreversible, debilitating effects on health
Chemical energy
Energy that is created or released by the combination or decomposition of chemical compounds.
What MAYDAY situation occurs when a firefighter gets caught on exposed wires or other debris?
Entanglement
In a forward lay, the first coupling to come off the hose bed should be male.
False
One way to help minimize risk t an emergency scene is to work individually as each firefighter sees fit.
False
A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.
Fire
Size of on Ground Cover Fires:
Fire Location Fire Type Incident Access Exposures Weather Conditions Wind Direction Wind Velocity Topography Visibility Resources - Water, Personnel, Equipment
_______ are designed and installed to act directly upon the the hazard to mitigate or eliminate the hazards.
Fire Suppression Sytems
Forms of Nuclear Energy ___________________________- A thermonuclear reaction in which nuclei of light atoms join to from nuclei of heavier atoms.
Fusion
Can SCBA tag line be used for life safety applications?
Yes
Which culture strength within the fire service means a fire fighter's behavior should involve right or just behavior with an emphasis on trust?
Moral Character
77) When advancing a dry hose line up a ladder, fire fighters should position themselves on the ladder:
No more than six feet apart.
**In many departments the public information officer is the contact person for
Non emergency or complaint calls/ media
Which of the following types of special protective clothing is designed as similar to structural personal protective equipment (PPE) but with an aluminized outer shell? (276)
Proximity fire fighting
Which of the following limitations of respiratory protection may cause the wearer to deplete the air supply rapidly? (295)
Psychological limitations
After entering the structure, firefighters should use their ____ to increase awareness.
Senses
Which of the following topics is MOST appropriate for high school students? Select one: a. Careless smoking b. Safe driving habits c. Stop, Drop, and Roll d. Residential sprinklers
The correct answer is: Safe driving habits
What piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) can be worn to increase visibility at roadway incidents? (273)
Traffic vests with retroreflective trim
19. The tools in an automatic sprinkler kit are used to: A. Stop the flow of water from an open sprinkler. B. Start the flow of water from a closed sprinkler. C. Supplement the nozzle hoses used to extinguish the fire. D. Help extinguish very small nuisance or smoldering fires.
A
Which of the following is a type of public alerting system
Wired Telegraph Circuit box
Hypoxia
condition caused by deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues
A thermal imager screen may white out when it:
detects high levels of heat
what may occur if the effects of horizontal ventilation is disturbed?
fire intensity increase
IDLH
immediately dangerous to life or health
Which of the following must be considered when deciding the size of a collapse zone?
type of building construction and safest location for personnel
Friction loss in a water supply system can be reduced by _____.
using large sized pipe
object stabilization
utility rope and webbing are sometimes used to stabilize an object.
methods for cleaning synthetic rope
wash by hand, rope-washing device, washing machine
A _______ sprinkler system is the most reliable, effective and requires the least amount of maintenance
wet pipe
Thermal column
A cylindrical area above a fire in which heated air and gases rise and travel upward.
NFPA 1031
standard for professional qualifications for fire inspector and plan examiner
NFPA 1971
standard for protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity fire fighting ppe
Convection The __________________________________ inside a structure.
Main reason for fire spread
Which piece of protective breathing apparatus has the frame checked weekly for deterioration, dirt, and cracks? (303)
Facepiece
Building Construction and Safety Code
NFPA 5000
National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code
NFPA 72
*What percent of the US has access to enhanced 911 systems do landline telephone connections
Over 96%
Variables of Radiation _______________________________- Radiant heat energy travels in a straight line. Objects not in line of sight do not receive heat energy via radiation.
Position
Ventilating a rain roof will not remove smoke from the structure until the ______ roof is penetrated. You must not enter the void area
Original
Convection
Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or liquid
83) When should the firefighter attaching hose to the hydrant charge the supply line?
Not until the driver/operators signal is received.
_______ windows have a sash that pivots horizontally or vertically about a central axis
Pivoting
Black fire
A hot, high-volume, high-velocity, turbulent, ultra-dense black smoke that indicates an impending flashover or autoignition.
A _____ detector responds to the optical radiant energy of a fire in one or two non-visible light spectrum.
Flame
After each use and Monthly
Ladders should be inspected...
Which of the following items allow the number of hose lines operating on the fire ground to be increased or decreased?
Valve devices
Protected medical information would include:
name and birth date of a patient.
collapse zone
where a building may collapse in 1 or more zones
71) Immobilizing a victim who is suspected of having a spinal injury on a long backboard requires how many rescuers?
4.
103) Searching for hidden fires is a primary function of:
Overhaul.
what is a factor that reduces effectiveness of vertical ventilation?
fire streams directed into ventilation openings
______ is the most common building material used in North America
Wood
leading cause of injuries
strains and sprains
leading cause of deaths
stress or overexertion
apparatus
a device or piece of equipment used for a specific purpose
water has a specific gravity of_______.
1
Auto Ignition temperature of CO ______________________.
1128 Degrees F
A ___ occupancy type must meet the building code for its intended use. A.Type I B.Type III C.single-use D.separated use
C p.152
10. Fire departments can facilitate salvage effort before a fire incident by working with: A. Local and state insurance representatives. B. Local union representatives for business. C. The building code enforcement representatives for their area. D. The loss-control representatives of various local businesses.
D
Which of the following metals will be affected by heat more rapidly than steel? A.Tin B.Lead C.Copper D.Aluminum
D p.137
Which types of couplings are made of brass or other malleable metals? (821) A. Cast couplings B. Inverted couplings C. Extruded couplings D. Drop forged couplings
Drop forged couplings
Mechanical energy
Heat that is created by friction.
Electrical energy
Heat that is produced by electricity.
97) What construction is often used in mill construction?
Heavy timber.
With which type of viral hepatitis may the infected patient go years without exhibiting symptoms?
Hepatitis C
Which communicable disease is a drug-resistant staph infection?
MRSA
Standard on Powered Rescue Tools
NFPA 1936
NFPA 1977
Standard on protective clothing and equipment for wild-land fire
Gate Valves
Valves that have a baffle that is moved by handles and screw management
What kind of hose should be washed with clear water while scrubbing with a stiff brush?
Woven-jacket hose
a ______ valve has a disk that rotates 90 degrees inside the water way to control the flow of water
butterfly
Cockloft
Open space between ceiling and underside of roof
A _____-_____ window only has one operable sash
Single-hung
1" Webbing Tensile Strength
4000 Pounds
When should the middle of the room be searched?
After searching the permiter
NFPA 13
first standard, regulated design and installation of fire protection sprinkler systems in structures
standard of care
level of appropriate care required of a health professional
73) What does the E stand for in Lower what Limit (LEL)?
Explosive.
______ doors protect openings in fire-rated walls, and when properly maintained, are very effective at limiting the spread of fire and total fire damage
Fire
Which of the following BEST describes a way to secure a firefighter to a ladder while performing work?
Leg lock
In a trunk system, turning on a radio
Notifies the trunking system controller
dynamic rope
used when long falls are a possibility, such as a tower rescue
Commonly used to identify the section, zone or floor where water is flowing, a/an _______ is used as an alarm device and can indicate the directional flow of water.
water flow indicator
A retaining basin made from salvage covers to impound water dripping from above is a: A. Chute. B. Catchall. C. Water basket. D. Floor runner.
B
Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services
NFPA 1981
Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS)
NFPA 1982
The National Fire Alarm Code is ______
NFPA 72
NFPA 1021
NFPA for standard of fire officials
When crawling on stairs, ____ first when ascending and ____ first when decending.
head/feet
What guidelines should be followed for removing frozen hose
Perform service testing before placing thawed hose back in service
49) The term for a roll call taken by a supervisor at an emergency incident is a:
Personnel Accountability Report.
Which of the following should be performed before service testing fire hose? (872) A. Examine hose for recent use B. Remove all couplings and gaskets C. Remove from service all hose with defects D. Examine hose for excessive wear or damage
Examine hose for excessive wear or damage
Which part of the facepiece assembly releases exhaled air without admitting in the contaminated outside atmosphere? (292)
Exhalation valve
What type of reaction releases energy in the form of heat and sometimes light?
Exothermic
Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers
Extinguishers suitable for class B and C fires
Booster hose lines provide enough protection and cooling for vehicle fires. True/False?
False
Hose size refers to the external diameter of the hose.
False
Nozzles should be stored with the control valve bale in the open position.
False
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by excluding oxygen from the fuel (smothering)
False
Wind (Ground cover fire)
Fans flames and supplies fresh air that speeds combustion.
Composite building materials are manufactured by combining two materials, and include _____-_____ ______, ______ ______, _____ _____ _____ (MDF), ______ ______, and synthetic wood
Finger-jointed timber, laminated timber, medium density fiberboard, and particle board
Type I Construction
Fire Resistant, ( Example a parking garage)
Which of the following statements is an advantage of the accordion load?
Firefighters can easily pick up a number of folds and place on one shoulder to carry hose from the bed
Which of the following statements is an advantage of the accordion load?
Firefighters can easily pick up a number of folds and place on one shoulder to carry hose from the bed.
Class C Fires
Fires caused by Energized Electrical Equipment
Command Staff
Liason, PIO, and Safety
34) There are two methods that can be used to don SCBA that is stored in a case:
Over-the-head and coat method.
What is the primary oxidizing agent in most fires?
Oxygen
Size-up is initially performed by?
The first firefighter on scene
When improvising a standpipe, secure hose to:
hand rails.
25) The primary function of the bypass valve on SCBA is:
For use if the regulator fails.
Nozzle Reaction
Force Felt from water being discharged from the nozzle
Recognizing types of doors and door hardware will allow you to select the proper _____ _____ tools to gain access to a building
Forcible entry
What are 3 types of ground cover fires?
Ground fires, Surface Fires, & Crown Fires
Policy
Guide to decision making in an organization
Lumber of smaller dimensions needs to be protected by ______ drywall or insulation to increase it's resistance to fire
Gypsum
In the most general of terms, fuel is _____________________.
Consumable Matter
115) Soft sleeve intake hose is used for:
Transferring water from a hydrant to an apparatus.
Combination System
Wet standpipe and Dry standpipe
stress-induced hypertension
high blood pressure caused by stress
Span of control
how many people one officer can handle; 3-7 with an optimum of 5
body substance isolation (BSI)
practice of isolating all bodily substances of a patient to mitigate risk
In _____ sprinkler systems, the triggering of a heat activating device (HAD) will cause water to flow into the piping, but not discharge through the sprinkler head
preaction
When presenting to young children it is best to have students: (1251) A. prepare questions before the presentation. B. sit still for at least twenty minutes to really focus. C. ask questions as you go through the presentation. D. move around freely during the presentation, even if it is distracting.
prepare questions before the presentation.
When using the oriented-search method, the team leader:
remains anchored at the door, wall, or hoseline
The type of nozzle control valve that seats a moveable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water is the:
slide valve
NFPA 1451
standard for fire service vehicle operations training program
Crawling in heavy smoke or extreme heat can increase:
visibility
what should be indicated by a smoke control system control panel?
where the alarm originated
Crowd control
Limiting the access of nonemergency personnel to the emergency scene
_____-_____ walls are those that support the weight of the structure
Load-bearing
Conditions for a Backdraft
Low oxygen, high heat, smoldering fire, High fuel Vapor concentration
72) When exposed to products of combustion, the what are more vulnerable to injury than any other body area?
Lungs and respiratory tract.
141) Worn, damaged, and deteriorated parts of a SCBA must be replaced according to:
Manufacturer's instructions.
CO Poisoning
Most Fire Deaths occur from
Which of the following statements about fire departments and EMS services is MOST accurate?
Most areas have multiple fire stations and apparatus but only a few ambulances.
Standard on Training for Emergency Scene Operations
NFPA 1410
Standard for a Fire and Emergency Service Vehicle Operations Training Program
NFPA 1451
Standard for Fire Hose Connections
NFPA 1963
NFPA 72
National fire alarm and signaling code
That pressure found in a water distribution system during typical consumption demands is the _______ pressure.
Normal operating
Gas Cooling
Not a form of fire extinguishment, but a way of reducing heat in upper hot gas layer.
Higby Notch
Notch on lugs of fire hose couplings
Once
Number of times personal escape rope can be used
Which of the following BEST describes a guideline firefighters should follow when performing a private residential fire safety survey? (1244) A. Do not identify special needs of residents B. Conduct the survey using only one firefighter C. Send survey results to the occupant two weeks after completion D. Offer constructive suggestions for correcting or eliminating hazardous conditions
Offer constructive suggestions for correcting or eliminating hazardous conditions
Sources of Heat Energy Chemical: Chemical Heat Energy is produced by ______________________________.
Oxidation Reactions
______ structural modifications may include building additions, removal of non load-bearing walls, replacement of fire escapes with enclosed stairways, and sealing nonegress windows or doors
Permitted
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) is useful in total darkness and confined spaces? (270)
Personal alert safety systems
What radio the less powerful than the fixed and mobile radios
Portable radios / handheld radios
Standard Operating Procedure
Predetermined plan or written document for operations
Municipal water system
Primary and Secondary feeders, along with distributors
The primary function of the ______ is to protect the structure and its contents from the effect of weather. Provides drainage, support weight of snow, resist wind, and insulates interior
Roof
The _____ _____ is the portion of roof between the roof supports and the roof covering
Roof deck
Water Main
Any underground water pipe
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Which of the following methods could be used to control a loose hoseline?
Apply a hose clamp at a stationary point in the hoseline
Which of the following is the MOST commonly encountered type of pathogen?
Bloodborne pathogens
Lockbox
Box outside of Building that provides keys accessible to the fire department
This type of rope construction features uniformly intertwining strands together in a diagonally overlapping pattern
Braided
Chair Carry
Carries if a chair is available
Waterproof carrier or bag used to carry and catch debris or used as a water sump basin for immersing small burning objects.
Carryall
A _______ window has a side-hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward
Casement
Overhaul
Finding hidden fire after initial fire attack is complete
Which of the following BEST describes when SARs are used? (289)
For confined space rescues and technical rescue incidents
Fuels with an FP _______________________ are classified as combustible.
Greater than 100 Degrees F
Rollover __________________- Compartment wall, ceiling , and contents are bombarded with an ever-increasing amount of heat.
Heat transfer
Convection
Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid. (NFPA 921)
Immediate communication during a MAYDAY situation:
Increases chances of survival
Life Safety Code
NFPA 101
Endothermic
Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.
What rescue method is useful when heat and smoke require the firefighter to stay low?
Webbing drag
Sprinkler/Standpipe
What does an FDC supply
baffle
a device used to reduce weight shift in a firetruck
number of annual deaths
100
The means of moving water in a water distribution system includes ______
A, B and C are correct Direct pumping gravity/elevation combinations
Which of the following was developed to force entry on locks with collars?
A-tool
Which of the following methods could be used to control a loose hoseline? (871) A. Apply body weight to hose B. Add a gated wye to the line C. Close the nozzels as quickly as possible D. Apply a hose clamp at a stationary point in the hoseline
Apply a hose clamp at a stationary point in the hoseline
Collapse zone
Area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity
Which of the following BEST describes the two means of escape required when personnel are working on a roof or upper story?
At least two ladders at remote locations from one another.
Which of the following BEST describes the frequency with which personal protective equipment (PPE) should be inspected? (277)
At the beginning of shift and after every use
Growth Stage - The ease/speed at which a fire grows depends largely upon the following variables: - ____________________________________
Available Fuel
LNG Tactics
Avoid contact with LNG. Stay clear of vapor clouds. Shut off ignition. Use Purple K dry chemical agent or high expansion foam on fires surface. Use sand or dirt to prevent LNG from entering drains.
An ______ window has one or more top-hinged, outward-swinging sashes that are opened by unlatching and pushing or using the mechanical window crank
Awning
106) Ideally, when should fire investigators begin their work at a fire scene?
Before overhaul starts.
Which heat detector uses two metals, one which expands faster than the other when heated, to break a circuit and send a signal to the fire alarm control panel? (1187) A. Bimetallic detector B. Ultraviolet detector C. Fusible link detector D. Continuous line detector
Bimetallic detector
Ventilating a rain roof will not remove smoke until: A.the dead load is mitigated. B.sheeting layers are pierced. C.the original roof is penetrated. D.security measures are removed.
C p.172
Which type of external bleeding "oozes" from injuries and is typically of limited quantity?
Capillary
What is the function of a retard chamber? (1204) A. Quickly expels air from the sprinkler piping B. Keeps water out of piping until fire actuates a sprinkler C. Prevents water flowing back into fire department connection D. Catches excess water sent during momentary water pressure surges
Catches excess water sent during momentary water pressure surges
The receiving point for the alarm is an outside, contracted service is a ______ system
Central Station
Public Safety answering point (PSAP)
Central location that takes all emergency calls and routes the call of the fire, emergency medical, or law enforcement dispatcher
12) The order of rank and authority in the fire service describes:
Chain of command.
35) Manufacturers should provide users of PPE with which of the following information?
Cleaning instructions.
A standardized set of emergency specific words and phrases
Clear text
145) To clean or remove any oily or greasy residues from a metal ground ladder, it is recommended to use:
Clear water and an approved detergent.
Variables of Radiation _______________________________- The darker and denser the material the greater the tendency to absorb heat. Example: Tar/Asphalt vs. Water, clear plastics, or air.
Color/Opacity
Carbon dioxide
Colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor burns
Which of the following BEST describes the factors respiratory equipment must be protected from during storage? (296)
Contamination, temperature changes, ultraviolet light
What heat transfer method usually occurs through movement of hot smoke and fire gases?
Convection
30. One of the final parts of salvage operations is: A. Determining the cause of fire. B. Recognizing and preserving evidence of arson. C. Searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fires. D. The covering of openings to prevent further damage to the property by weather.
D
What part of a roofÕs construction can be manufactured from smaller pieces of wood or light gauge steel? A.I-beams B.Box beams C.Metal gusset plates D.Lightweight construction support system
D p.166
Which hydraulic/electric tool is excellent for a small rapid-interventions vehicle? (489) A. Shears B. Spreaders C. Extension rams D. Combination spreader/shears
D. Combination spreader/shears
The area on either side of a winch cable where a cable can whip if broken is called the: (500) A. cable zone B. recoil zone C. winch zone D. danger zone
D. danger zone
A collapse zone should be established when: the structure appears weakened, a _______ strategy has been adopted, or interior operations cannot be justified
Defensive
Radiation
Defined as transfer of heat through a vacuum
The _____ is the part of a sprinkler head that determines its mounting position
Deflector
Quick opening devices speed up the activation of ______ sprinkler systems
Dry pipe
________ sprinkler systems are often known for their differential principles of operation
Dry pipe
Temperature (Ground cover fire)
Effects wind and is closely related to relative humidity, primarily affects the fuels as a result of long term drying.
Three-Prong Twist lock
Electrical Adaptor used for Secure connection
Radiation- Transfer of heat energy from one material to another by ______________________________ without the need of an intervening medium.
Electro-Magnetic Waves
Which type of rate-of-rise detector uses a system of thermistors that produce a change in electrical resistance when exposed to heat? (1190) A. Rate-compensated detector B. Electronic spot-type heat detector C. Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector D. Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
Electronic spot-type heat detector
What type of reaction absorbs energy as it occurs?
Endothermic
Backdraft Sequence of events: -Super-heated gases ignite in an ______________________________________.
Explosive Combustion Process
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable to generate ignitable gases: ________________________________ area.
Exposed Surface
A window ______ consists of the sill (lowest part), side jamb, and head jamb
Frame
Forms of Mechanical Heat Energy ___________________________ - The force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact. Example: Head of match against a striking surface.
Friction
For Generations, firefighters were taught that for fire to exist, only three essential items needed to be present. Those element are/were: ________________________, _______________________, ___________________________.
Fuel Oxidizing Agent Heat
_____ _____ is the maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials in a given area burn, including building materials
Fuel load
Which of the following is a disadvantage of nonthreaded couplings? (825) A. Adapters are required for use B. There is always a risk of cross-threading C. Fire hose cannot be connected with haste D. Hose can become uncoupled suddenly and violently
Hose can become uncoupled suddenly and violently
Indicators of possible backdraft: Doors/Windows -____________________ to the touch
Hot
Which of the following typically causes back injuries and strains associated with fire stations and facilities?
Improper Lifting
Who should a firefighter sign in with in a Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health area?
Incident Safety Officer
What was the purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996)?
Institute greater regulations on use, distribution, and storage of protected medical information
Escape rope uses
Intended for emergency self rescue. One time use. *MUST* be destroyed after use.
Defensive Strategy
Intended to isolate or stabilize an incident and keep it from expanding. Generally an exterior operation.
Which of the following methods may be used to confirm A dispatch transmission
Keying the radio microphone
L.C.E.S.
LOOK OUTS COMMUNICATIONS ESCAPE ROUTES SAFETY ZONES
_______ is typically used in the construction of fire walls
Masonry
Products of combustion
Materials produced and released during burning
Standard on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue Incidents
NFPA 1951
74) In a multi-story building with a standpipe system, a fire fighter should make the connection where to the fire floor?
On the floor below.
51) When referring to ladders, the term tie rod is used to describe a metal rod running from:
One beam to another.
42) Which of the following tools is considered to be a pulling tool?
Pike pole.
Hypoxia
Potentially fatal condition caused by lack of oxygen
The temperature of fire has not increased as much as the ______________ of fire.
Power (HRR)
BACK DRAFT Definition: - The _____________________________________ to a confined area, that is pressurized with heated flammable gases, resulting in an explosive force of significant intensity.
Reintroduction of Oxygen
Which of the following precautions should be taken when drying hose in a hose tower
Remove hose from hose tower as soon as dry
How should hose be cleaned after chemical exposure?
Remove hose periodically and wash with plain water
Which hose lay is used when the pumper must first go to the fire location before laying the supply line?
Reverse lay
Fuel Size
Small/light fuels burn faster.
Building codes require glass doors to be made of ________ glass that resists breakage
Tempered
Flammability limits (explosive limits)
The upper and lower concentration limits (at a specified temperature and pressure) of a flammable gas or vapor in air that can be ignited, expressed as a percentage of the fuel by volume.
The potential chemical energy of fuel is converted to?
Thermal energy
Beckett Bend
Type of knot used to join two ropes of unequal diameters
1
Vapor Density of air
_______________________________ The pressure exerted by vapor at the point of ____________________ with its solid or liquid state ( There is no net loss to evaporation)
Vapor Pressure Equilibrium
Variables of Solid Fuels: They release gases through the process of ______________________________, which is the process of changing liquid matter into gaseous matter through variances in _____________________.
Vaporization Temperature/Pressure
Visual Indicators of Alt. Fuel Sources
Vehicle logos, Fuel-specific logos, Special fuel ports, distinctive vehicle profiles.
Type III buildings may contain dangerous _____ _____ and undergone _______
Void spaces, renovation
Steel toe boots are not recommended for wildland protective clothing because they: (272)
absorb and retain heat.
what factor determines the initial severity and extent of a fire?
activation of fire detection and suppression systems
incident stabilization means...
controlling and extinguishing the fire in stages
as it applies to a special type of sprinkler head, ESFR stands for early signal fire response
false
braided ropes
intertwining strands of rope together in a diagonally, overlapping pattern. it is less likely to twist. load-bearing fibers are still vulnerable to direct abrasion and damage.
NFPA 1983
life safety rope and equipment for emergency services
Fixed-temperature heat detectors are activated by expansion of heated material, changes in resistance of heated material, and: (1186) A. initiation of water flow. B. melting of heated material. C. refraction/diffusion of light. D. ionization of radioactive material.
melting of heated material.
The layers in the fire service organizational pyramid are composed of what?
personnel assigned by rank and duty
staff/support personnel
personnel who provide administrative and logistical support to line units 9internal customers)
A ______ sprinkler system is typically used to protect buildings with high value contents or stock, where unnecessary water damage may be an issue.
preaction
Arson
primary cause of commercial fires
acute
quick onset, sharp, short
That part of the total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through pipe fittings fire hose and adapters is ______ pressure
residual
A ___ alarm system continuously monitors a remote location. (1183) A. passive B. preaction C. supervising station D. protected premises
supervising station
The pressure surge that results from suddenly stopping or starting the flow of water through hose or pipe is known as ______
water hammer
What should be done if a fire hose coupling swivel becomes difficult to spin?
• Submerge in warm, soapy water and move forward and backward to thoroughly clean • Clean male threads with stiff brush or wire brush • Lubricate to maintain swivel • Replace cracked, scored, or inflexible gaskets
38) In what type of occupancy will fire fighters usually find sliding doors?
Residential.
When using the wide area method, using individual tethers, allow firefighters to sweep a ____ arc at the midpoint.
10 ft
Most hose-washing machines wash almost any size hose up to:
3 inches (77 mm).
2. Which of the following consists of those operations associated with fire fighting that aid in reducing primary and secondary damage during fire fighting operations? A. Salvage B. Overhaul C. Protective actions D. Offensive procedures
A
20. Which of the following are used to carry debris, catch falling debris, and provide a water basin for immersing small burning objects? A. Carryalls B. Floor runners C. Trash-type pumps D. Water barrels
A
Which of the following is considered a non-emergency call
A appointment reminder
Which hose load is easy to load and requires two or three people to load?
Accordion load
Which type of external bleeding is often difficult to control due to substantial force of the blood and is a true medical emergency?
Arterial
Which of the following are highly resistant to corrosion? (829) A. Brass couplings B. Plastic couplings C. Cast iron couplings D. Aluminum couplings
Brass couplings
Which nonemergency exit technique may require a second team member to remain outside monitoring a search line? (315)
Buddy system
Which of the following BEST describes the method used by a firefighter heeling from outside the ladder?
Chock butt end with one foot, grasp beams, and press ladder against building.
The safest location for defensive operations is the _______ of the building
Corner
Which types of couplings are made of brass or other malleable metals?
Drop forged couplings
43) "Irons" are formed by combining a:
Flathead ax and a halligan.
What are the 3 elements of the fire triangle
Fuel Heat Oxygen
22) The first noticeable signs of oxygen deficiency are:
Increased respiratory rate and impaired muscular coordination.
Which statement about taking pulses is MOST accurate?
It typically takes stronger blood flow for pulse to be felt at a radial artery than at a carotid artery.
Incident Commander
Makes decisions about how to extinguish the fire
Standard for Wildland Fire Apparatus
NFPA 1906
When performing a two-firefighter low-shoulder carry, where should the forward firefighter's free hand be placed?
Over the upper butt spur
Which of the following is a sign of internal bleeding?
Painful, swollen, or rigid abdomen
44) What is one example of a hand-powered hydraulic spreader tool?
Rabbet tool.
88) Heat transfer that takes place in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as:
Radiation.
** the federal communications commission fcc regulates all
Radio communication in the United States
What is a critical search area that describes the area farthest from the fire on same level?
Remainder of Hazard Zone
In Type I construction, compartments can ______ heat, ______ are very difficult to penetrate for ventilation, and ______ can be nonoperating, making ventilation difficult
Retain, roofs, and windows
47) The most important factor to consider in forcible entry is to:
Select the right tool to do the job.
Which of the following fire stream patterns has the ability to reach areas other streams might not reach?
Solid stream
When breaching a wall, what best describes the action to be taken before crawling through an opening?
Sound the floor on the otherside
_____ is the primary material used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings
Steel
Which types of SCBA air cylinders are tested every five years? (307)
Steel and aluminum
80) The what method is performed with two firefighters and used for breaking tight couplings without the use of a spanned wrench?
Stiff-arm.
The maximum stress that a material can withstand before failing or breaking
Tensile strength
Radiation
The emission and propagation of energy through matter or space by means of electromagnetic disturbances that display both wave-like and particle-like behavior. (NFPA 801)
NFPA® 1901 lists the minimum quantity of hose to be carried on a standard pumper or engine
True
exposure-related disease
a disease received from being exposed to a patient with that disease
Flow Paths: The movement of heat, smoke and air ___________________________ both inside and outside the fire building.
from areas of high pressure to all other areas
Fire and life safety messages can generally be divided into four categories: Prevent (Fire and Burns), Protect (Yourself in an Emergency), Persuade (Others to be Fire Safe), and:
prepare
the largest pipes in a water distribution system are the ______.
primary feeders
Liquids with a specific gravity of less then 1 will do what?
Float on the surface
Methods and operating procedures associated with fire fighting by which firefighters attempt to save property and reduce further damage from water, smoke, heat, and exposure during or immediately after a fire by removing property from a fire area, by covering it, or other means.
Salvage
Waterproof cover made of cotton duck, plastic, or other material used by fire departments to protect unaffected furniture and building areas from heat, smoke, and water damage; a tarpaulin. Also called Tarp.
Salvage Cover
Which type of shock is caused by a severe infection in the body?
Septic shock
Reducing agent
The fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion
Smoke volume
The quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated.
* once an emergency has been reported, information must be transmitted to
The responding units or personnel
Thermal layering
The stratification (heat layers) that occurs in a room as a result of a fire.
48) Before fire fighters enter a burning building to perform rescue work, they must first consider:
Their own safety.
Which of the following statements describes caution measures that should be taken during a fire station tour? (1255) A. There should always be a station mascot present. B. The group can explore unescorted in specific areas. C. When alarms sound, the group should remain in place until apparatus is dispatched. D. There should be firefighters positioned to prevent visitors from straying during any equipment demonstration.
There should be firefighters positioned to prevent visitors from straying during any equipment demonstration.
____________________________ -Any Substance occupying space and capable of absorbing heat resultant in a redox reaction.
Thermal Ballast
Variables of Conduction __________________________________ - The denser the material, the more efficient it is at transferring heat energy. -Materials with high K value: steel, aluminum copper iron -Materials with low K value: cellulose, plastic, glass ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
Thermal Conductivity Temperature Mass Exposure
What type of fire hose damage can char, melt, or weaken the outer jacket of hose? (826) A. Corrosion B. Thermal damage C. Age deterioration D. Chemical damage
Thermal damage
What product of combustion my heat adjacent fuels, making them susceptible to ignition?
Thermal energy
Defined as the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature
Thermal layering
Which of the following statements about safety glasses is MOST accurate?
They are designed to keep fluids away from the eyes.
Which of the following BEST describes a fear common to children? (1252) A. They are frightened by large groups of people. B. They can be scared by stories about burned pets. C. They do not like to repeat words after adults to learn them. D. They are scared to practice safety procedures in front of others.
They can be scared by stories about burned pets.
Which of the following BEST describes one way the data provided by fire investigation can be used? (1240) A. To help firefighters prepare for threats beyond their control B. To help set goals for emergency response contingency plans C. To provide economic incentives for individuals in the community D. To monitor the effectiveness of the fire and life safety initiative program
To monitor the effectiveness of the fire and life safety initiative program
A hose clamp should be approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) from the coupling on the supply side.
True
In ambient temperatures can materials ignite at oxygen concentrations as low as 14%. T or F
True
The risk management model developed by the Phoenix AZ fIRE department is focused on behaviors that support a safety-first mindset
True
Two or more primary feeders should run from the source of the water supply to high-risk and industrial along separate routes.
True
Everyone at the emergency scene should follow two basic rules to control communications , first
Units or individuals must identify themselves in every transmission , the receiver must acknowledge every message by repeating the essence of the message to the sender
Precursors to backdraft capable environments: -___________________________________ -............................ -___________________________________ -.............................. -___________________________________ -.................................
Ventilation Controlled State Available Heat Available Fuel
Strobe lights are an example of which notification appliance category? (1180) A. Visual B. Textual C. Conductive D. Addressable
Visual
Type V construction now includes the use of prefabricated wood truss systems, creating a large, open _____ area between the floors of the structure
Void
Which of the following is a reason for discontinuing CPR?
You hand over care to a rescuer with higher training
fire service ladders meeting the requirements of NFPA 1931 are required to have:
a certification label indicating the ladder meets NFPA 1931.
In patients that are unresponsive and not breathing, or breathing with irregular gasping breaths, assessment sequence should be rearranged to:
circulation, airway, and breathing.
To move a tool to a roof or upper floor during an emergency operation, a firefighter should:
carry the tool with one hand, slide the free hand under the ladder beam.
NFPA 1037
standard for professional qualifications for fire marshal
NFPA 1581
standard on fire department infection control program
Retaining basin, usually made from salvage covers, to impound water dripping from above.
Catchall
If the fire enters an oxidizer induced decay phase as a result of its container: -The fire's heat release rate will decline in _________________________ with the amount of available oxidizer. -Temperature within the compartment may ______________________. -Fuels will continue to ______________________-releasing ignitable gases. -Compartment pressure will continue to increase - Up to a ______________________________
Direct Correlation Continue to Rise Vaporize/pyrolize 3:1 Ratio
Chronic
Long-term and reoccurring
How should the fly section be positioned in relation to the structure on an extension ladder?
Most metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be used with the fly out, away from the structure.
Represents the amount of energy that can be released in the future
Potential
Which type of nonthreaded couplings have two hook-like lugs on each coupling?
Quarter-turn
Which piece of protective breathing apparatus is checked for any unusual sounds during operation? (305)
Regulator
_____ _____, ______ ______, and ______ ______ frame construction meet the criteria for Type I construction
Reinforced concrete, precast concrete, and protected steel
The piloted ignition temperature is generally __________________________ than the Auto-Ignition Temperature.
Significantly Lower
During a search, close doors to rooms not involved in a fire unless the doors are:
Used for ventilation
NFPA 1500s
deals with medical programs for firefighters and minimum requirements for firefighter safety
control zones
different areas at a hazardous event
offensive vertical ventilation is intended to aid in reaching and..
extinguishing the fire
cold zone
extremely safe zone where the command post, RIT team, and staging are
NFPA 10
inspection, care and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers
all hazard concept
provides a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents, all responders use a similar, coordinated approach with a common set of authorities
As identified in NFPA standards, the maximum sprinkler head and branch line spacing in a sprinkler system designed using the pipe schedule method is _____
15ft
105) Overhaul operations should commence:
After fire investigation concerns are met.
When is the secondary search performed?
After initial fire suppression is complete
What fire behavior is the result of an increase in low level ventilation prior to upper level ventilation?
Backdraft
65 gpm
Automatic fill pumps supply the water to most gravity tanks. The pumps shall fill the tank at a rate of a minimum of sixty five gallons per minutes.
This type of rope construction carries half its strength in the core and the other half in the sheath.
Braid-On-Braid
Which of the following BEST describes the way to carry a roof ladder when using an extension ladder to access the roof?
Climb the extension ladder, shoulder the roof ladder 3-4 rungs from the tip, and carry the rest of the way to deploy on the roof pitch.
When encountering fire in a room during a structural search firefighters should:
Close the door and report conditions
What audience characteristic can impact the woridview and outlook on life of those listening to a fire and life safety presentation? (1248) A. Age B. Physical ability C. Cultural diversity D. Educational level
Cultural diversity
Which of the following is the most basic patient assessment?
Determine if critical functions of the body are working properly
Which of the following can be performed for further educational opportunity once hazards have been identified in a private dwelling fire safety survey? (1243) A. Reschedule for next inspection B. Explain fines from code violations C. Distribute fire and life safety literature D. Create new updated preincident planning report
Distribute fire and life safety literature
Which of the following respiratory hazards causes superheated air to damage the respiratory tract? (283)
Elevated temperatures
Which of the following methods to control external bleeding uses the effect of gravity to help slow the amount of blood?
Elevation
Which type of valve has a baffle that lowers into the path of the water by turning a screw-type handle? (836) A. Bail valve B. Gate valve C. Clapper valve D. Butterfly valve
Gate valve
Division
Geographical Destination in ICS
the effect or lack of effect of fire streams indicates the side and extent of the fire when observing...
flame
Moisture in the shell and liner material of personal protective equipment (PPE) could result in: (280)
serious steam burns.
NFPA 1500
standard for fire department occupational safety and health program includes ppe
NFPA 1521
standard for fire department safety officer
NFPA 1021
standard for fire officer professional qualifications
NFPA 1404
standard for fire service respiratory protection training.
NFPA 1033
standard for professional qualification for fire investigator
When operating a hand line, a firefighter should open the control valve slowly:
to better control nozzle reaction
hand tools
tools powered by hand
what type of cut is used to create a fire break that stops the spread of fire in common attic structures or large structures?
trench cut
A specialized system that is used to protect openings in walls by producing a water curtain effect is the exterior/exposure sprinkler system
true
search lines
used to help search teams working in dark, smoke-filled, or confined spaces. allows team members to remain in contact with each other and with firefighters at the lines entry point . they also provide a physical means of finding an exit route.
NFPA 1584
standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises
Which communicable disease is more prevalent in high-density living areas because it is transmitted by airborne droplets?
Tuberculosis (TB)
Brick and stone are generally used to create ______ ______, which are decorative covers for wood, metal, and concrete-block load bearing walls
Veneer walls
Heeling and tying in are two methods of:
b. preventing movement of the ladder away from the building.
positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) exhaust openings vary with the size of the entry opening and the...
capacity of the blower used
Variables of all Fuels: _____________________________ - A measurement of the potential fire threat of a given structure
Fire Load
The fire service uses an organizational structure based on rank.
True
True
True or false: more people die from fires than any natural disaster combined.
J tool
Type of Forcible entry tool that works on panic Hardware
Incident Command System (ICS)
a common approach to command, control, and coordination of events that allow workers from different agencies to work together effortlessly, based on NIMS
Which of the following is the BEST way to practice safety with tools and equipment?
select the appropriate tool for the job
Incipient, Growth, Fully Developed, Decay
4 Stages of Fire in a compartment
2" Webbing Tensile Strength
7000 Pounds
What roof type is frequently penetrated by chimneys, shafts and skylights? A.Flat B.Shed C.Pitched D.Arched
A p.162
Which of the following statements about flame detectors is MOST accurate? (1193) A. Infrared flame detectors can be designed to be sensitive to only light produced by hostile fires. B. Ultraviolet flame detectors are recommended for areas where intense mercury-vapor lamps are used. C. Infrared flame detectors are virtually insensitive to sunlight, and can be used in areas not suitable for ultraviolet detectors. D. Ultraviolet flame detectors are virtually insensitive to sunlight, and can be used in areas not suitable for infrared detectors.
Ultraviolet flame detectors are virtually insensitive to sunlight, and can be used in areas not suitable for infrared detectors.
Reading Smoke By evaluating four of smoke's main attributes, we can have a better understanding of what we may be facing inside. - Those attributes are:
Volume Velocity density Color
Reading Smoke Volume The size (volume) of the container must be considered when making this evaluation as the two ___________________________.
Volumes are relative
6) What is one aspect of high-rise fires that is especially draining of energy?
Walking up many flights of stairs in PPE.
Which type of indicating valve extends horizontally through the wall with the target and valve operating nut outside of the building? (1201) A. Outside stem and yoke B. Post indicator valve (P11/) C. Wall post indicator valve (WPIV) D. Post indicator valve assembly (PIVA)
Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)
Which valve device is similar to a wye, but has an inlet and outlet of matching size combined with smaller outlets that take water from the main line? (837) A. Hydrant valve B. Siamese appliance C. Water thief appliance D. Large-diameter hose appliance
Water thief appliance
Combined System
Wet standpipe system and Automatic Sprinkler System.
Which type of sprinkler system contains water under pressure at all times so a sprinkler will immediately discharge water spray and activate an alarm? (1204) A. Deluge system B. Dry-pipe system C. Wet-pipe system D. Clean-agent system
Wet-pipe system
1700
When converted to steam, a cubic foot of water expands to this many times it's original volume
Origin
Where the fire started, or point from which it spreads.
Friction loss may be overcome by:
adding additional parallel hose lines
Once on the floor, start the search:
as close to the fire as possible
if a life rope has been subjected to an impact load or fails inspection it must?
be immediately destroyed/ taken out of service as a life rope.
The primary way in which water extinguishes a fire is by_____
cooling
the means of mechanical ventilation involve pulling the smoke and fire gases out through an opening and pushing ___ into the structure and displacing the smoke and fire based.
fresh air
The energy required to change a liquid into a vapor is:
latent heat of vaporization
The test site for service testing should be: (872) A. on a gravel area. B. on a slight grade. C. as close to the station as possible. D. large enough to lay out hose with multiple kinks.
on a slight grade
respiratory
related to respiration (breathing)
Which of the following fire stream patterns is usually produced by a fog nozzle?
straight stream
Authority Having jurisdiction
term used in codes and standards to indentify the legal entity that has authority to enforce code and to require/approve equipment. such as building or fire official
Knowledge about ___ can be gained through private dwelling fire safety surveys. (1243) A. code enforcement violations B. corrective actions for hazards C. residential sprinkler system advantages D. the presence of security grilles and gates
the presence of security grilles and gates
Culture
the shared assumption, beliefs, and values of a group or organizations
when transporting a rotary saw or chain saw to or from the point of operation, it is safest to...
turn it off
a small structure fire that requires ventilation consisting of opening doors and windows requires at minimum...
two firefighters
what characteristic of modern construction produces large quantities of toxic, combustible gases during a fire?
use of plastics and other synthetic materials
static rope
used for low stretch, used for rescue, repelling, and hoisting and where falls are not likely to occur or only very short falls are possible
Spanner Wrenches
used to uncouple fire hose
cutting a hole in the roof above the fire or opening existing roof access doors, scuttles, and skylights are all examples of...
vertical ventilation
Which of the following is an individual's responsibility in the prevention of respiratory diseases?
wear appropriate level of respiratory protection
A _____ sprinkler system contains water under pressure in the piping at all times
wet pipe
method for cleaning natural fiber ropes
wipe or gently brush the rope to remove as much of the dirt and grit as possible
Common injuries firefighters face during overhaul operations include: A. Cuts and thermal burns. B. Puncture wounds and eye injuries. C. Strains and sprains. D. All of the above.
D
Sub-Surface, Aerial, Surface
3 Types of Fuel in Wild land Firefighting
Metal, Wood, Fiberglass
3 Types of Material for ladders
Cutting, Striking, Push/Pull, Prying
4 Classes of Forcible Entry Tools
109) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A catch-all is used when the volume of water is too great for a water chute.
** in a conventional system
A radio frequency is dedicated to a simple functions such as operations
Fire
A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
What type of structural collapse pattern occurs when the exterior walls of a structure collapse? (536) A. Pancake B. Lean-to C. V-shaped D. Cantilever
A. Pancake
What is the step of extrication that begins at dispatch and continues throughout the incident? (504) A. Size-up B. Stabilizing the vehicle C. Securing the electrical system D. Securing passenger safety systems
A. Size-up
Which rescue tool power source is typically powered by pumps? (488) A. Electric B. Hydraulic C. Pneumatic D. Electric/pneumatic
B. Hydraulic
When using a strut and buttress tension system, firefighters must ensure all parts have a safety margin that is: (516) A .the same as the weight being secured B. in excess of the weight being secured C. within 5 pounds (2.26 kg) of the weight being secured D. within 10 pounds (4.53 kg) of the weight being secured
B. in excess of the weight being secured
Passenger Compartment Fires:
Break window and attack with medium fog pattern.
Primary damage is caused by: A. Fire suppression activities. B. Application of clean agents. C. The fire. D. Water applied during extinguishment.
C
During trench rescue operations exit ladders should be placed no more than ___ apart. (543) A. 25 feet B. 30 feet C. 50 feet D. 65 feet
C. 50 feet
What type of saw is often used for delicate cutting operations? (492) A. Rotary saw B. Circular saw C. Whizzer saw D. Reciprocating saw
C. Whizzer saw
When an energized wire is in contact with the ground, the current: (549) A. does not flow into the ground B. flows straight down into the ground C. flows in all directions from point of contact D. flows into the ground but only for five minutes
C. flows in all directions from point of contact
Energy
Capacity to perform work; occurs when a force is applied to an object over a distance
Which of the following must be done before raising a ladder?
Check for overhead wires or electrical equipment.
What type of technical rescue requires the use of lock out/tag out devices to secure power switches? (545) A. Water rescue B. Vehicle rescue C. Elevator rescue D. Machinery rescue
D. Machinery rescue
Hybrid vehicles that use color-coded wiring use ___ to mark high voltage wiring. (510) A. red B. black C. green D. orange
D. orange
A collapse zone should be established adjacent to any exposed ______ walls of the structure
Exterior
Temperature of Class D Fires:
Greater than 2000 F
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ________________________________ The lowest temp at which a fuel must be heated to start self-sustained combustion without an independent heat source.
Ignition Temperature
What can change a buildings layout?
Interior Alterations
* when using a microphone, good practice is to
Key the microphone and wait a second for a signal to capture an antenna
Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1002
Standard on Comprehensive Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments
NFPA 1582
Standard on Health-Related Fitness Programs for Fire Department Members
NFPA 1583
Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
NFPA 1852
Standard on Fire Hose
NFPA 1961
NFPA _____ is the Building Construction and Safety Code
NFPA 5000
Which type of shock is caused by overexpansion of blood vessels due to damage to the brain, spinal cord, or other nerves?
Neurogenic shock
________________________________-The area within a compartment fire where the high and low pressure zones converge
Neutral Plane
Can the equipment line be used for life safety applications?
No
Type II Construction
Noncombustible Construction ( Example Metal Building)
Which of the following is the main way of determining whether CPR is working?
Patient regains consciousness or begins to move
Staff/Support functions
Personnel who provide administrative and logistical support to line units
Line functions
Personnel who provide emergency services to external customers
What strategy for providing effective fire and life safety messages advises firefighters to instruct what to do rather than actions not to take? (1249) A. Positive messages B. Accurate messages C. Targeted messages D. Understandable messages
Positive messages
The _______ sprinkler system provides an early warning of complete system activation to permit manual fire control efforts before water discharges from sprinkler heads
Preaction
Which of the following system types is typically used where it is important to prevent water damage? (1207) A Dry-pipe system B. Preaction system C. Water-mist system D. Partial deluge system
Preaction system
Rollover ___________________- Forces smoke and gases to extend beyond the compartment (down the hall)
Pressure
Vaporizaton
Process of converting a liquid into a gas
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
Program to help employees and their families with work or personal problems
75
Proper climbing angle for a ladder
Which of the following can be determined by observing the patient's chest rise and fall or by listening?
Breathing
32. Which of the following is one of the most common and most dangerous threats to firefighters during overhaul operations? A. Backdraft B. Flashover C. Toxic gas D. Intense heat from flames
C
** which of the following travels between the transmitter and receiver in either analog or digital format
Radio signal
34. Which of the following overhaul tools and equipment are used to open ceilings to check on fire extension? A. Axes B. Prying tools C. Pike poles and plaster hooks D. Power saws, drills, and screwdrivers
C
37. Which of the following would be an indicator of possible loss of structural integrity? A. Water pooled on lower floors. B. Large quantities of fire debris. C. Doors that have become partially open. D. Areas that appear visually unaffected by the fire.
C
Untied Prusik Cord Lengths
Red 56 inch Green 70 inch
68) During a search of a building involved in fire, if a fire fighter becomes disoriented, the fire fighter should attempt to:
Remain calm. Retrace steps to original location. Seek a place of refuge and activate PASS device.
Once a search is complete, a firefighter should?
Report promptly to the supervisor
A _______ door is designed to minimize the flow of air through a door opening to reduce building heating or cooling losses. Prevents movement of hose or equipment into a building
Revolving
Which types of lugs are found on modern couplings?
Rocker lugs
Which types of lugs are found on modern couplings? (823) A. Pin lugs B. Rocker lugs C. Recessed lugs D. Extended lugs
Rocker lugs
58) What are two methods of raising a ladder to the vertical position?
Rung raise and beam raise.
Before doffing SCBA, ensure you are out of the contaminated area and: (302)
SCBA is no longer required.
99) Which of the following roof structures provide(S) quick and effective initial ventilation?
Scuttle covers. Roof level skylights. Hatches.
Fire floor, floor above, floor below
Search priorities of floors in order of importance
Metal ______ _____ or _______ are mounted over doors and windows to prevent illegal entry in some communities
Security bars or grilles
What survival action includes steps that can be performed before communicating a MAYDAY?
Seeking a safe haven
A ______-_____ structure must meet the building code requirements for its intended use
Single-use
Which of the following is a nonemergency exit indicator? (313)
Situation is stabilized
____________________________-The relative ability of a substance to be dissolved into water.-Hydrocarbons(Non-soluble)/Polar Solvents (Soluble)
Solubility
Which of the following statements about sprinkler systems is MOST accurate? (1194) A. Sprinkler system design and installation criteria are found in NFPA® 14. B. The two general types of sprinkler systems are integrated and disintegrated. C. Sprinkler systems are designed to provide means for rapid deployment of hose lines. D. Sprinkler systems are designed to extinguish a fire or prevent its spread until firefighters arrive.
Sprinkler systems are designed to extinguish a fire or prevent its spread until firefighters arrive.
NFPA 1001
Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, separates FF1 and FF2
1) NFPA 1001 is the:
Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications.
Which of the following radio limitation can mean a receiver is near the limit of its transmission range
Static and broken message
Potential energy
Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work once released
23)Four hazardous atmospheres that fire fighters are likely to encounter at a fire are:
Super-heated air, toxic gases, oxygen deficiency, and smoke.
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ________________________________ More exposed Surface = greater heat absorption and faster evolution of ignitable gases.
Surface/Mass Ratio
**Devices used for the deaf
TDD, TTYL Teletype and text phone
8. Why are protecting computers and filing cabinets containing documents such as accounts receivable important in commercial occupancies? A. These items are often not insured. B. These items are often very expensive. C. These are often vital to business survival. D. These items often provide clues to fire cause.
C
Smoke color
The attribute of smoke that reflects the stage of burning of a fire and the material that is burning in the fire.
Which of the following BEST describes the butt of a ladder?
The bottom end of the ladder
Never assume all occupants are out of a structure until:
The building is searched.
56) When performing the one-person raise, the What of the ladder is placed against the building wall?
The butt.
Flameover (rollover)
The condition where unburned fuel (pyrolysate) from the originating fire has accumulated in the ceiling layer to a sufficient concentration (i.e., at or above the lower flammable limit) that it ignites and burns; it can occur without ignition of, or prior to, the ignition of other fuels separate from the origin. (NFPA 921)
Advanced planning for private residential surveys is needed to allow time for personnel to research code enforcement violations. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'False'.
Heat flux
The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface, expressed in kilowatts
Growth phase
The phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.
A hose clamp should be applied approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) from the coupling on the supply side.
True
Lexane
Type of glass that may resist being broken with conventional hand tools
Which statement about Class III standpipe systems is MOST accurate? (1211) A. Class III standpipe systems are also referred to as house lines. B. Class III standpipe systems provide two 2 1/2 inch (65 mm) hose connections on a single riser. C. Class III standpipe systems are designed to take the place of automatic sprinkler systems. D. Class III standpipe systems must allow both Class I and Class II services to be used simultaneously.
Class III standpipe systems must allow both Class I and Class II services to be used simultaneously.
Which of the following describes the BEST technique for ascending a ladder with the least amount of bounce and sway?
Climb smoothly and rhythmically.
OCFA Rope Storage Specifications
Coiled or bagged in a dry compartment Protected from Abrasions Away from Batteries and Fuel Clean Away from heat and direct sunlight NOT STORED WITH ANY KNOTS tied in the line
Compactness
Compacted fuels burn slower.
21) The bypass valve on a self-contained breathing apparatus is used:
In emergency situations involving a malfunctioning regulator.
Evaluation of the upper limit, lower limit and range can give indication as to: At what point an environment containing ignitable vapors may be considered _______________________ but still hazardous.
Inert
65) During search operations, the fire fighter should:
Listen for calls or signals for help.
The process in which specific potential risks (potential because the incident has not occurred yet) are identified and evaluated. The goal of this process is to develop strategies to minimize the impact of these risks.
Loss Control Risk Analysis
A Fire in its fully developed stage will present with: -Voluminous Smoke -__________________________________(Gray, brown or black) -__________________________________ through the predominant flow path
Dark In Color Driven By Heat
Rope Record Details
Date Location Unit/Rope# Use (Training/Rescue) How many times Comments
In an automatic sprinkler head, the _____ determines the amount of water that will flow from the head at a given pressure.
Discharge orifice
Which of the following statements about ionization smoke detectors is MOST accurate? (1191) A. Ionization smoke detectors detect tiny amounts of radioactive material emitted by burning fuel. B. Ionization smoke detectors generally respond faster to smoldering than to flaming fires. C. Ionization smoke detectors detect products of combustion using tiny amounts of radioactive material. D. Ionization smoke detectors are sensitive to sunlight, and are usually installed in fully enclosed areas.
Ionization smoke detectors detect products of combustion using tiny amounts of radioactive material.
Which part of the facepiece assembly is made of clear safety plastic and mounted in a flexible rubber frame? (292)
Facepiece frame
Firefighters should never stand on or in a moving apparatus, no exceptions.
False
Hose size refers to the external diameter of the hose
False
Staff personnel deliver emergency services to external customers.
False
What stage of fire development occurs when all combustible materials in a compartment are burning?
Fully developed
What part of wildland personal protective equipment (PPE) must meet the requirements of ANSI Z87.1? (272)
Goggles
Minimum amount of life safety rope elongation for out of service criteria
Greater than 5% elongation detected
____________________________________: The amount of heat released from a fuel per a given period of time. (typically measured in Joules/Sec(watts))
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Forms of Chemical Heat Energy _________________________________- Heat released as a result of combustion.
Heat of Combustion
Forms of Chemical Heat Energy _________________________________- Heat generated as a result of the oxidation of decaying organic matter and/or bacterial action.
Heat of Decomposition
Fire triangle
Heat, oxygen, and fuel
16) Toxic atmospheres due to smoke and heat are called:
Immediately dangerous to life and health. IDLH.
Standard for Training Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews
NFPA 1407
Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program
NFPA 1500
which of the following is the most comprehensive standard relating to firefighter safety and health?
NFPA 1500
What information should be gathered as part of situational awareness?
Probable Structural Integrity
Atom
The smallest particle of an element, which can exist alone or in combination.
Jargon
The technical language of a trade
Which of the following statements about assisting a victim down a ladder is the MOST accurate?
Victims must be protected from slipping and falling when climbing down a ladder.
Heat- is the form of energy that ________________________________ of molecules
raises the average kinetic energy
Patients who have internal bleeding may show signs such as:
vomiting of substance that looks like coffee grounds.
when is a collapse zone established?
when a defensive strategy is adopted
Which of the following BEST describes why the liner should never be removed from a protective coat? (266)
It compromises the design and increases the likelihood of injuries.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the horseshoe load?
It does not work for large-diameter hose
Which of the following statements about personal protective equipment (PPE) and body substance isolation is MOST accurate?
It is better to wear too much than not enough.
Why should firefighters not move objects during a search?
It may disorient them
92) If a gas has a vapor density greater than one when it escapes from its container:
It will sink and collect at low points.
Invertor
Machine that turns AC power into DC power
Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
NFPA 10
Standard for Wildland Firefighting Personnel Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1051
For the detection of the visible products of combustion the _____ smoke detector is most effective.
Photoelectric
138) What is the term for water-soluble flammable liquids such as alcohols, acetone, and others?
Polar solvents.
PIV - Valve
Post Indicator Valves should be painted red.
Buildings under construction are subject to rapid fire spread when they are partially completed because many of the ______ ______ are not in place such as gypsum and fire suppression systems
Protective features
Which type of nonthreaded couplings have two hook-like lugs on each coupling? (823) A. Storz B. Sexless C. Half-turn D. Quarter-turn
Quarter-turn
Oxidation
Reaction with oxygen either in the form of the element or in the form of one of its compounds. (NFPA 53)
Ignition temperature
Minimum temperature a substance should attain to ignite under specific test conditions. (NFPA 921)
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies
NFPA 13R
Standard on Emergency Services Work Clothing Elements
NFPA 1975
Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services
NFPA 1983
Surface Fuel (Ground cover fuel)
Needles, duff, twigs, grass, field crops - Fuel immediately adjacent to the surface of the ground.
When to choose defensive strategy:
No threat to occupant life, occupants not savable, property not salvageable, insufficient resources, danger of structural collapse, danger to firefighters due to hazardous conditions on scene.
Heating
Second major cause of fire in the US
What task works to test air consumption rates?
Simulate emergency conditions during training
_________________________________ Water is used as a constant for comparison to other liquids and is given the relative value of (1) Any liquid with a density of _______________ will sink. Any liquid with a density of _______________ will rise.
Specific Gravity Greater than 1 Less than 1
Forms of Chemical Heat Energy _________________________________-Heat created during oxidation in the absence of an external heat source.
Spontaneous Heating
A device monitors a specific location or process, rather than a large area is the ______ detector
Spot
Which type of fire hose requires the most care in cleaning?
Woven-jacket hose
Risk management plan
Written plan that analyzes the exposure to hazards, implements appropriate risk management techniques, and establishes criteria for monitoring their effectiveness
Alloy
Substance or mixture composed of two or more metals (or a metal and nonmetallic elements) fused together and dissolved into each other to enhance the properties or usefulness of the base metal.
Oxidation Variables ____________________________ -Cooler temperatures decrease molecular movement
Temperature
81) Under what circumstances should master stream devices be directed into buildings where fire fighters are operating inside?
Under no circumstances.
veloctiy, turbulence, and direction are indicators of...
air flow
Chest compressions are done using only one hand when performing CPR on:
children.
second leading cause of injuries
cuts and bruises
what are the three incident priorities when performing tactical ventilation?
life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
mitigation
making something less harmful
Fire departments may be requested to respond to a scene and begin care until EMS personnel arrive because fire department personnel:
often are able to respond faster than EMS in many jurisdictions.
types of knots
overhand safety knots, bowline, half-hitch, clove hitch, figure eight, figure-eight bend, figure-eight on a bight, figure eight follow through, becket bend.
what causes air flow?
pressure differentials inside and outside compartment
NFPA 1041
standard for fire service instructor professional qualifications
Sprinklers' temperature ratings can be identified by: (1197) A. the size of the frangible bulb. B. the color-coded sprinkler frame arms. C. the temperature stamped on the chemical pellet. D. the temperature stamped on a brass tag hung on the stem.
the color-coded sprinkler frame arms.
water weighs ______ pounds per gallon
8.34
number of annual injuries
80,000
14. Which of the following is a characteristic of synthetic salvage covers: A. Lightweight B. Difficult to handle C. Relatively expensive D. For indoor use only
A
35. Which of the following overhaul tools and equipment are used to open walls and floors? A. Axes B. Prying tools C. Pike poles and plaster hooks D. Power saws, drills, and screwdrivers
A
9. What should be developed for buildings with high-value contents that are especially susceptible to water and smoke damage? A. Special pre-incident plans. B. Special prepayment for services plans. C. Waiver of liability form s for fire departments. D. Statement of additional insurance to cover contents.
A
Which of the following is the most common building material in North America? A.Wood B.Metal C.Masonry D.Lath and Plaster
A p.134
Which of the following can be the result of rapidly cooling cast iron with water? A.It may crack or shatter. B.It may gain tensile strength. C.It may lose small portions from the surface. D.It may elongate as much as 4 inches (100 mm).
A p.135
What part of the roof extends from wall to wall on a flat roof? A.Beams B.Webbing C.Horizontal joists D.Top and bottom chords
A p.165
What type of stairs typically connects no more than two levels if not required as part of the means of egress? A.Access stairs B.Exterior stairs C.Protected stairs D.Unprotected stairs
A p.175
Doors are classified by: A.the way they operate. B.who the original designer was. C.what material they are made of. D.where they are located in a structure.
A p.178
Which of the following doors has the advantage of eliminating door swing that might interfere with use of interior space? A.Sliding door B.Folding door C.Vertical door D.Revolving door
A p.179
What type of door protects openings in fire-rate walls? A.Fire door B.Metal door C.Solid-core door D.Hollow-core door
A p.183
What type of movable window has a side-hinged sash, usually installed to swing outward? A.Casement B.Single-hung C.Double-hung D.Horizontal sliding
A p.187
Which of the following movable windows includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections that swing outward? A.Jalousie B.Awning C.Pivoting D.Projecting
A p.189
Combustion
A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or a flame. (NFPA 101)
11) The combination of knots recommended to hoist a pike pole includes:
A clove hitch and half hitches.
Code
A collection of rules and regulations that had been enacted by law in a particular jurisdiction
When selecting a ladder to access a specific point, which of the following is MOST accurate regarding estimated distances and ladder reach?
A commercial story averages 12 feet.
Rollover
A condition where the unburned fire gasses that have accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas layer across the ceiling
Indirect Attack (Wildland Fires)
A control line is constructed or located some distance from the edge of the main fire, and the fuel between the two points is burned.
140) Which one of the following statements regarding wildland firefighting is incorrect?
A fire burns downhill faster than it does uphill.
Class K fire
A fire in a cooking appliance that involves combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils and fats). (NFPA 10)
Class D fire
A fire in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. (NFPA 10)
Class A fire
A fire in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. (NFPA 10)
Which of the following statements about the sprinkler system water supply is MOST accurate? (1202) A. The water supply must be designed to supply all sprinklers on the system. B. The fire department cannot connect to the sprinkler system during operation. C. A fire pump is typically incorporated into the system to ensure adequate water pressure and volume. D. The minimum water supply must deliver the required volume of water to the sprinkler nearest the control valve at the system rated pressure.
A fire pump is typically incorporated into the system to ensure adequate water pressure and volume.
Which of the following statements about handling ladders is MOST accurate?
A firefighter should relocate a positioned ladder only when ordered to do so.
Fire tetrahedron
A geometric shape used to depict the four components required for a fire to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions.
Gas
A material that has a vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa absolute (43.5 psia) at 50°C (122°F) or is completely gaseous at 20°C (68°F) at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa absolute (14.7 psia). (NFPA 30A)
Fuel
A material that will maintain combustion under specified environmental conditions
Fuel
A material that will maintain combustion under specified environmental conditions. (NFPA 53)
Alarm Retarding Devices
An alarm check valve that is exposed to changing water supply pressure needs an alarm-retarding device. This prevents unwarranted alarms.
** which of the following would be considered a non emergency call
An appointment reminder
Boiling liquid/expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
An explosion that occurs when a tank containing a volatile liquid at the bottom of the tank and a flammable gas at the top of the tank is heated to the point where the tank ruptures.
Which type of shock is caused by severe allergic reactions?
Anaphylactic shock
______ ______ devices are slower to react than smoke or rate-of-rise detectors to close swinging fire doors
Fusible link
Convection- Transfer of heat energy from point to another through the _________________________.
Movement of heated liquids and/or gases
________________________- Heated fire gases and smoke will rise as long as their temperature remains higher than the surrounding atmosphere. Once either the temperatures equalize or rising gases and smoke impact the ceiling within the space, rising pressure from continued combustive by-products will force the gases and smoke to push outward along a horizontal plane and begin to bank down and stratify.
Mushrooming
Back up hoseline
Must be placed in service at same time as primary attack line. Used for protecting attack team, protecting means of egress, and providing additional suppression capabilities. Should be the same size and same flow rate as primary line. Fog nozzles are preferred.
Fire Code
NFPA 1
Standard for Fire Service Professional Qualifications Accreditation and Certification Systems
NFPA 1000
Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1001
Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1003
Standard for Technical Rescue Personnel Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1006
Standard for Fire Officer Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1021
What 2 NFPA standards do Fire Marshals need?
NFPA 1021 and NFPA 1037
Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector and Plan Examiner
NFPA 1031
Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator
NFPA 1033
Standard on Fire and Life Safety Educator, Public Information Officer, Youth Firesetter Intervention Specialist and Youth Firesetter Program Manager Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1035
Standard for Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1041
Professional Qualifications for Public Safety Telecommunications Personnel
NFPA 1061
Standard for Emergency Vehicle Technician Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1071
Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
NFPA 11
Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting
NFPA 1142
** minimum requirements for receiving, processing, and dispatching emergency responders are included in
NFPA 1221
**Standard for the installation, maintenance, and use of emergency services communications systems
NFPA 1221
Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Emergency Services Communications Systems
NFPA 1221
Which of the following standard has the minimum Requirements for receiving processing and dispatch emergency responders
NFPA 1221
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 13
______ is the standard for the installation of sprinkler systems
NFPA 13
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes
NFPA 13D
Standard for Fire Service Respiratory Protection Training
NFPA 1404
Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for Members During Emergency Operations and Training Exercises
NFPA 1584
Standard on Thermal Imagers for the Fire Service
NFPA 1801
Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting
NFPA 1851
Which NFPA® standard establishes the inspection period for protective breathing apparatus? (303)
NFPA 1852
Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus
NFPA 1901
Which NFPA® standard requires seat-mounted SCBAs be held in place by a mechanical latching device? (299)
NFPA 1901
Standard for Manufacturer's Design of Fire Department Ground Ladders
NFPA 1931
Standard on Use, Maintenance, and Service Testing of In-Service Fire Department Ground Ladders
NFPA 1932
Standard for the Care, Use, Inspection, Service Testing, and Replacement of Fire Hose, Couplings, Nozzles, and Fire Hose Appliances
NFPA 1962
Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting
NFPA 1971
Structural fire fighting protective clothing must meet what NFPA® standard? (261)
NFPA 1971
Which NFPA® standard specifies requirements for station/work uniforms? (276)
NFPA 1975
Standard on Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents
NFPA 1994
The standard for inspection, testing, and maintenance of water-based fire protection system is
NFPA 25
Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants
NFPA 291
Hazardous Materials Code
NFPA 400
Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents
NFPA 472
Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace®
NFPA 70E
Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations
NFPA 921
What happens to a substance when it changes its physical state? Does its molecular structure change? ________ only the distance between molecules changes.
NO
Soft Sleeve hose
Name of hose used for hooking to a pressurized Hydrant
The use of ten-codes in radio transmission was replaced when agencies began to adopt which of the following
National incident management system nims
54) Ladders should be extended five rungs above the roof edge to aid fire fighters in climbing onto and off the ladder and:
So fire fighters can find the ladder in heavy smoke conditions.
The traditional wood-joisted roof use solid wood joists that tend to lose their strength gradually when exposed to fire, causing roofs to become _____ or ______
Soft or spongy
Matter Exists in one of three physical states:
Solid Liquid Gas
______-______ doors are formed with an interior core of laminated blocks of wood, particleboard, or a mineral composition
Solid-core
As described, smoke is comprised of several different components: -___________________________( in the form of particles) -Carbon -SOOT -DUST -FIBERS -___________________________(Aerosols) -HYDROCARBONS -Water -__________________________ - CARBON DIOXIDE -CARBON MONOXIDE -HYDROGEN CYANIDE -HYDROGEN SULFIDE -ETC. CAPS=Ignitable bracket
Solids Vapors Gases
Backdraft
The explosive burning of heated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into a compartment that has a high concentration of flammable gases and a depleted supply of oxygen due to an existing fire
The size of the collapse zone should be based on: the _____ of building construction, other exposures, and the _______ location for apparatus and personnel
Type, safest
Color coding of the ______ will identify the operating temperature classification of frangible glass bulb sprinkler heads.
heat sensing device
The fundamental responsibility for doing the necessary work to restore an automatic sprinkler system to service lies with the _______
building owner/occupant
When using ___, kneel on the hose to anchor as the driver/operator drives slowly toward the water source.
hose equipped with wye appliances
Occupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHA) regulations relate to:
federal and private-sector employees who fight fires
which position in the fire service is responsible for supervising a fire company?
fire department officer
What is one way that fire service ladders are different from ladders for private industry or general use?
fire service ladders provide a greater margin of safety.
the forward velocity pressure while water is discharging is the ______ pressure.
flow
hydraulic ventilaiton involves using a spray nozzle set on a ___ pattern to draw the smoke out an opening such as a window or door.
fog
NFPA 1852
frequency of SCBA inspections
When donning SCBA, all straps on the harness assembly and facepiece should be: (298)
fully extended
computer and computer aided design software have simplified the process of extensive math requirements in designing sprinkler systems using the _________ method
hydraulic calculation
4 Routes of Exposures
ingestion, injection, absorption, inhalation
Which of the following would not be found as a component of a water control valve in a sprinkler system.
quick opening devices
Containers used for the disposal of items contaminated with blood or body fluids are typically:
red in color.
cardiovascular
related to the heart and blood vessels
The ___ is the vertical piping to which the one-way check valve, alarm valve, and main drain are attached. (1196) A. riser B. feed main C. cross main D. fire department connection
riser
ventilation that causes heat, smoke, and fire to be discharged through wall opening below the highest point of the building creates danger because...
rising gases will ignite portions of the building above exhaust point
ensuring the only required opening for ventilation are made is the responsibility of the...
roof ventilation team leader
Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
safety regulations that apply to federal and private sector employees
NFPA 1000
series of professional qualifications for training and skills evaluations
In accordance with NFPA® 13, a sprinkler storage cabinet must contain: (1198) A. the inspector's test valve. B. building plans and system diagrams. C. six sprinklers and a sprinkler wrench. D. a copy of the department preincident plan.
six sprinklers and a sprinkler wrench.
what characteristic of modern single-family residential construction reduces firefighter access and increases potential exposure risks?
smaller lot sizes
what fire behavior indicator can provide an indication of interior fire conditions by observing its volume, location, color, density and movement?
smoke
what should a firefighter do before stepping off a ladder, parapet, wall or other place of safety onto the roof of a burning building, especially if the roof surface is obscured by smoke or darkness?
sound the roof for structural integrity by striking with an axe
the density of liquids in comparison to water is _____
specific gravity
The _____ is responsible for performing the required maintenance and testing of automatic sprinkler system
sprinkler contractor
NFPA 1003
standard for airport firefighter professionalism qualifications
NFPA 1901
standard for automotive fire apparatus
NFPA 472
standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials/ weapons of mass destruction incidents
NFPA 1071
standard for emergency vehicle technician professional qualifications
NFPA 1061
standard for professional qualifications for public safety telecommunication
NFPA 1221
standard for the installation, maintenance, and use of emergency services communications systems
NFPA 1051
standard for wild-land fire fighter professional qualifications
NFPA 1981
standard on open circuit self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services
NFPA 1982
standard on personal alert safety system (PASS)
NFPA 1851
standard on selection, care and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural fire fighting and proximity fire fighting
NFPA 1975
standard on station/work uniforms for emergency services
NFPA 1410
standard on training for initial emergency scene operations
NFPA 1403
standard that deals with live fire training evolutions
NFPA 1582
standard that details the medical programs for firefighters
Incident Management System
standardized approach to incident management developed by the Department of Homeland Security.
Non-OSHA approved state
state government that has adopted its own rules not approved by OSHA
The main control valve is used to: (1200) A. simulate actuation of the system. B. stop supplying water to the system. C. initiate an alarm when water begins to flow. D. drain water from the system for maintenance.
stop supplying water to the system.
what occurs to heated smoke and fire gases when they stop rising, become cooled to the temperature of the surrounding air, and spread horizontally?
stratify
A ___ alarm system continuously monitors a remote location.
supervising station
water tender
tanker that is typically 1,000 gallons or more
A sprinkler system minimum design area is based on: (1195) A. the response time of the nearest fire station. B. the size of pipe available to be used in the installation. C. the minimum number of sprinklers that might be expected to activate. D. the assumption that only a portion of the sprinklers will activate at one time.
the assumption that only a portion of the sprinklers will activate at one time.
The sprinkler system feed main is: (1196) A. the direct service to a number of branch lines. B. the pipe connecting the riser to the cross mains. C. vertical piping to which other components are attached. D. the piping that connects a spray nozzle to the cross mains.
the pipe connecting the riser to the cross mains.
risk management
the process of identifying, assessing, and reducing risks
rehabilitation
the process of returning to a better condition of health
Factors to consider when deciding where to place a ladder include:
the structural features of the building.
basement fires can be challenging without effective ventilation because firefighters have to get to the seat of the fire...
through intense rising heat and smoke
why must the open areas around a smoke ejector be properly sealed?
to prevent air from recirculating back into the building
power tools
tools that operate using a power source
Which piece of protective breathing apparatus has the hand wheel checked for damage during weekly inspection? (304)
Breathing air cylinder assembly
Laminated timber, medium density fiberboard (MDF), and finger-jointed timber are all examples of what common building material? A.Metal B.Plastic C.Lath and plaster D.Composite material
D p.141-142
Passive agents are part of the combustion reaction represented by the fire tetrahedron? T or F
False
Which type of external bleeding is a darker red color and usually has a steady flow?
Venous
What kind of hose should be washed with clear water while scrubbing with a stiff brush? (832) A. Hard intake hose B. Woven jacket hose C. Hard-rubber booster hose D. Rubber-jacket collapsible hose
Woven jacket hose
59) What are butt spurs on a ladder?
Spikes on the base that keep it from slipping.
National Standard Thread
Standard fire hose thread used on couplings
Which of the following BEST describes SCBA safety precautions to take in an IDLH atmosphere? (311)
Work in teams of two or more
The sprinkler system operating alarm test valve: (1201) A. may be used to check the water supply. B. is used to simulate actuation of one sprinkler. C. is located in a remote part of the sprinkler system. D. can be used to simulate actuation of the sprinkler system.
can be used to simulate actuation of the sprinkler system.
The fire department connection (FDC) not only serves as the point where the fire department can supplement water supply to the sprinkler system, but also serves as a source of water for fire operations when the sprinkler has not activated.
false
A device that responds at a given heat level regardless of how rapidly that level is reached is the ______ heat detector
fixed temperature
When improvising a standpipe, secure hose to: (866) A. a ladder. B. hand rails. C. the apparatus. D. other supply hose.
hand rails
which fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as blistering paint or crazed glass?
heat
the component of a sprinkler system that senses the presence of a fire reacts to that sense, and delivers water to the fire is the________
sprinkler head
NFPA 1582
standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments
NFPA 1983
standard on life safety rope and equipment for emergency services
NFPA 1403
standard on live fire training evolution
NFPA 1981
standard on open circuit self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services
Wye appliance
takes one hoseline and divides it into two or more hoselines
When using the wide area search method, knots tied behind each ring indicate:
the distance from beginning of the line
1.5
Collapse Zone of a building is how many times the height of the building
Flow path
Composed of at least one inlet opening, one exhaust opening, and the connecting volume. The direction of the flow is determined by difference in pressure.
Which of the following BEST describes an extension ladder?
Comprised of a base section and one or more fly sections, can be adjusted to specific length needed
Interior building elements such as walls, floors, and roofs in a Type IV building are constructed of solid or laminated wood with no ______ ______
Concealed spaces
What type of door design can prevent movement of hose or equipment into a building? A.Sliding door B.Folding door C.Vertical door D.Revolving door
D p.180
28) Inhaled toxic gases can directly cause:
Disease of the lung tissue.
Rope Record Entry Reasons
Each Use Inspection Washing
25. Which of the following spreads has the principal advantage of one person being able to quickly unroll a cover across the top of an object and unfold it? A. One-firefighter spread with a rolled salvage cover. B. One-firefighter spread with a folded salvage cover. C. One-firefighter spread with a boxed salvage cover. D. One-firefighter spread with an opened salvage cover.
A
36. Which of the following is a safety consideration during overhaul operations? A. Continue to work in teams of two or more. B. Disconnect all attack lines used in initial operations. C. Wear loose, comfortable clothing to avoid overheating. D. Maintain a RIC until overhaul operations are well underway.
A
A salvage cover arranged to channel excess water from a building is called a: A. Chute. B. Floor runner. C. Catch-all. D. Porta-tank.
A
What may be used to extinguish small fires during minor overhaul operations? A. Pressurized water extinguishers or booster hoses. B. 2½ inch hose lines. C. 3 inch hose lines. D. Large diameter hose lines.
A
4. Which of the following refers to damage caused by the fire? A. Initial damage B. Primary damage C. Secondary damage D. Tertiary damage
B
24. Which of the following cannot be driven into walls or framing but must have a horizontal ledge from which to hang? A. A-hooks B. J-hooks C. S-hooks D. O-hooks
C
Quality of an organization's relationship with individuals — both internal and external — who have contact with the organization.
Customer Service
15. Ordinarily, the only cleaning required for canvas salve covers is: A. Placing in a commercial salvage cover washer. B. Shaking the salvage covers to remove particles. C. Spraying with a mixture of water and harsh detergents. D. Wetting or rinsing with a hose stream and scrubbing with a broom.
D
41. When concealed spaces below floors, above ceilings, or within walls and partitions must be opened during the search for hidden fires. A. Remove as much of the wall, ceiling, or floor covering as possible. B. Remove weight-bearing members so complete extinguishment is ensured. C. Remove only an area that is only large enough to put a hoseline through it. D. Remove only enough wall, ceiling, or floor covering to ensure complete extinguishment.
D
During salvage operations, what can be used to protect furniture from absorbing water from wet carpet? A. Foam sponges B. Wool blankets C. Newspapers D. Plastic foam blocks
D
The two aspects of loss control are: A. Extinguishment and overhaul. B. Fire attack and salvage. C. Fire attack and extinguishment. D. Salvage and overhaul.
D
what fire behavior indicator provides visual indicators such as the size and location of the fire?
flame
what is accurate about tactical ventilation?
tactical ventilation can be combined with fire attack to stabilize an incident
5, 15
Natural Gas is explosive between ____ and _____ percent on air.
Which type of sprinkler deflector discharges most of the water to one side, and is used when it is necessary to install a sprinkler on the wall or at the side of a room? (1198) A. Flush B. In-rack C. Sidewall D. Pendant
Sidewall
** which of the following radio limitations can mean a receiver is near the limit of its transmission range
Static and broken messages
Basic presentation skills for fire and life safety presentations include good organization of ideas. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Firefighter Safety Stand-Down
occurs the third week of June when all non-emergency work stops and safety training occurs
Matter
A substance made up of atoms and molecules.
Reverse Lay
Fire to water
Synthetic, Natural
2 common materials salvage covers are made of
How many rescuers may be need to safely carry an adult?
2-4
50) OSHA regulations require that when fire fighters are inside a structure fire, at least how many trained and equipped fire fighters must be standing by outside?
2.
A hose clamp should be applied at least ___ feet (m) behind the apparatus.
20 (6)
A hose clamp should be applied at least ___ feet (m) behind the apparatus. (841) A. 5 (1.5) B. 10 (3) C. 15 (4.5) D. 20 (6)
20 (6)
when the main body of the fire is too great to extinguish, and only after the offensive vertical ventilation opening has been made, a trench cut must be created ahead of the advancing fire by at least...
30 feet
Cellulose materials release an average of _________________________________.
9,000 BTU's per pound
33) At the beginning of the shift, the fire fighter should make sure their SCBA is at least how much percent full?
90 percent.
1 Candle HRR= 80 W Temp:_________
930-2500 Degrees F
10 Candle HRR= 800 W Temp:_________
930-2500 Degrees F
12. How should stock be stored so that it is less vulnerable to water damage? A. On pallets B. In plastic tubs C. Covered by tarps D. Sealed in containers
A
Fully developed phase
The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.
134) Class K fires involve:
High temperature cooking oils, such as vegetable or animal oils and fats.
The ____________________ the HRR the _________________________ to Life.
Higher Greater the Threat
______-______ doors are constructed with spacers between the face panels to provide lateral support
Hollow-core
Which type of fill station is designed to refill SCBA at emergency incidents? (309)
Mobile fill stations
Static and messages that are broken up are an indication that the
Receiver is near the limit of the transmission range
This rope is often referred to as a 'Drop bag'
The 100' 8mm nylon equipment line.
The Occupational Health and Safety Administration requires ladders be kept a distance of at least 10 feet from:
electrical lines.
in a structure fire, what part of the flow path is an open doorway?
inlet vent
What is the primary duty of Firefighter I level personnel?
perform assigned task under the supervision of a Fire Fighter II or company officer
an inspection hole should be cut before cutting any type of ventilation hole in the roof in an attic or cockloft fire to...
determine the fire location and direction of travel
What can be a source for learning about building floor plans?
New construction surveys
Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
PASS Acronym
When should hose be inspected?
Within 90 days before being placed in service for the first time
What are the three priorities regarding the tactics for controlling a fire?
1) Life Safety 2) Incident Stabilization 3) Property Conservation
Suction hose is manufactured in minimum lengths specified in NFPA®:
1901.
52) When a ladder is raised, it should be placed at an angle of approximately what to ensure a safe climb?
75 degrees.
9) In kernmantle rope, the kern or core of the rope accounts for approximately how much percent of its strength?
75 percent.
NFPA 1931 requires that single, roof combination and extension ladders must support a maximum load of:
750 lbs.
NFPA 1901 requires quint fire apparatus to carry a minimum of _____ of ground ladders of the same types required for pumper apparatus.
85 feet
Which of the following may need to be ready for station visitors prior to station tours? (1254) A. Which apparatus to allow children to explore on their own B. A bathroom designated as one that may be used by children C. The tour order and which areas of the station are on for unguided tours d. Handouts for the end of the tour and a location for children who are too distracted to pay attention to the presentation
A bathroom designated as one that may be used by children
Watt
1 Joule per second
Hard Sleeve hose
Name of hose used for drafting operations
5 years
How often should steel scba cylinders be tested?
Thermal energy
The kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material
Culture
The shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group
What is the most commonly used fire suppression method?
Temperature reduction
The inspector's test component of an automatic sprinkler system is designed to simulate the water flow through a single sprinkler head
true
101) What does vertical ventilation require that horizontal ventilation does not?
Openings in the roof or highest part of the building.
The International Building Code (IBC©) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA¨) define construction type based on the performance of the construction when: A.exposed to fire. B.exposed to an earthquake. C.a sprinkler system is activated. D.a fire alarm system is activated.
A p.143
104) The search for and extinguishment of hidden fire and placing the building in a safe condition is known as:
Overhaul.
Which of the following construction types has walls, floors, and ceilings that must be able to resist fire for three to four hours? A.Type I B.Type III C.Type IV D.Type V
A p.144
What building component may be an assembly of studs with exterior materials on the outside and an interior covering on the inside? A.Wall B.Roof C.Foundation D.Floor/Ceiling
A p.160
Synthetic materials release between ______________________________________.
12,000 to 18,000 BTU's per pound
What building component is designed to provide drainage, support snow accumulation, and resist the effects of wind? A.Roof B.Wall C.Foundation D.Floor/Ceiling
A p.161
Combustion
A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame
Soft sleeve hose is a minimum of in length. (818) A. 15 feet (4.6 m) B. 30 feet (9.1 m) C. 45 feet (13.7 m) D. 60 feet (18.2 m)
15 feet (4.6 m)
In order for flashover to occur, a few conditions must be present: Average heat flux to the floor of the compartment must reach ________________________.
15-20 Kw/m2
Safety Factor ratio standard for Life Safety Rope regulated by NFPA and adopted by the OCFA.
15:1 (TS 9000 pounds/ SF 15= 600 pounds)
The guidelines for service testing fire hose are provided in NFPA®: (872) A. 472. B. 1002. C. 1620. D. 1962.
1962
Type III construction buildings should have a collapse zone of ___ times the height of the structure
1.5 times
A Fire in its fully developed stage will present with: Fire that's producing a substantial amount of heat. - __________________________________
700-1200 Degrees C
Fire triangle
A geometric shape used to depict the three components of which a fire is composed: fuel, oxygen, and heat.
When using the wide-area-search method, a steel ring is tied to the search line every:
20 feet
Strength distribution of Kernmantle Rope
20% Sheath 80% Core
According to NFPA standards, when using the pipe schedule design method, the maximum area of coverage for each sprinkler head is ______
200 ft2
Type of door, how it is hung, how it is locked
3 factors to consider when forcing a swinging door
Prusik cord construction and specs
8mm Accessory Cord Kernmantle Construction
Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, Self-Sustaining Chemical Chain Reaction
4 Components of Fire Tetrahedron
Double hung, Projected, Hinged, Jalousie
4 Different Types of Windows
Swinging, Sliding, Overhead, Revolving
4 Types of Doors
Straight roll, donut roll, twin donut roll, Self locking twin donut roll
4 Types of hoseline Rolls
Drafting
Allows you to draw water from a static source, such as a pond
Crown Fire
Also called canopy fires. Wind driven, high intensity fires that move through the tree tops. Often caused by lightning strikes or extensions from ground to surface fires.
Surface Fire
Also called crawling fire, which burns on the surface consuming low lying fuels like grass and shrubs.
Liquified petroleum gas
Also known as propane. Third most common fuel type after gasoline and diesel. Expands rapidly when heated. Stored in pressurized tanks, which causes risk of BLEVE.
In which type of sprinkler system does air or nitrogen under pressure replace the water in the sprinklers above a valve? (1204) A. system B. Dry-pipe system C. Wet-pipe system D. Water curtain system
Dry-pipe system
Through the lock
Easiest type of Forcible Entry
Class K Fires
Fires that involve Combustible Cooking Oils
_________________________ The range of flammable vapors in air, expressed in percentages; that will ignite when provided an ignition source. There is a direct relationship between gas temperature and flammable limits. -The area between the lower and upper limits are known as the _____________________________________
Flammable Limits Flammable Range
Turbulent smoke is a good indicator of ________________________ and/or _____________________________________________________________________.
Flashover Fully Developed Burning that is ventilation limited
Standard on Fire Marshal Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1037
* which of the following is a responsibility when monitoring a fire stations watch room or booth
Notifying crew members of telephone calls
Type V Construction
Wood Frame Construction (Example a House)
More items can be protected during salvage operations if they are: A. Covered in their original positions B. Grouped into piles. C. Removed forcibly from the structure. D. Covered with water absorbent materials.
B
21. Which of the following are used to protect floor coverings from mud and grime tracked in by firefighters? A. Carryalls B. Floor runners C. Trash-type pumps D. Water barrels
B
23. Which of the following are designed to be driven into walls or wooden framing to provide a strong point from which to hang items such as salvage covers? A. A-hooks B. J-hooks C. S-hooks D. O-hooks
B
4 types of rope construction
1) Laid (Twisted) 2) Braided 3) Braid-on-Braid 4) Kernmantle
4 main Categories of Rope per NFPA
1) Life Safety 2) Utility Rope 3) Escape Rope 4) Water Rescue Throw line
7 examples of synthetic fiber rope
1) Nylon 2) Polyester 3) Polypropylene 4) Polyethylene 5) Polysteel 6) Kevlar 7) Spectra
Vehicle Fire Attack:
1) Position hose line between vehicle and exposures. (minimum 95 GPM, 1-1/2" to 1-3/4") 2) Attack from 45 degree angle. 3) Extinguish fire near occupants first. 4) Issue "all clear" when occupants are out 5) Extinguish ground fire around, under, and in vehicle.
Fire Department Connection
FDC
The energy possessed by a moving object
Kinetic
when the natural flow of air currents and the currents created by the fire is insufficient to remove smoke, heat and fire gases, what type of ventilation is necessary?
mechanical
operating built in smoke control systems in a high-rise or a shopping mall open atria should be the responsibility of...
only building engineers or maintenance superintendents
warm zone
safe zone
Which of the following should be noted during a preincident planning survey? (1257) A. Grouping methods used during presentations B. Determine occupants with language barriers C. Windows and doors that are covered by security grilles D. Types of fire attack tactics and apparatus used at previous incidents
Windows and doors that are covered by security grilles
_____-______ glass may proved some thermal protection as a separation, but _______ glass is not an effective barrier to fire extension
Wire-reinforced, conventional
What action should a firefighter take if thermal radiant heat burns develop while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)? (280)
Withdraw from area immediately
if a trench cut is created improperly, it will place firefighters in the very dangerous position of working..
ahead of the fire
Chest compressions are done with the index and middle fingers of one hand when performing CPR on:
infants.
most common types of rope construction?
kernmantle, laid, braided, and braid on braid
what factor makes high-rise fires life safety considerations and even higher priority?
more occupants
An accelerator is a type of quick-opening device that unbalances the pressure differential in a dry pipe valve
true
An exhauster expels air from the system causing a quicker trip of the differential valve and then closed after system activation
true
Stairs that are not required to be part of the means of egress system and typically connect no more than two levels are called ______ or ______ stairs
Access or convenience
79) A straight stream is discharged from a what type nozzle?
Adjustable-fog.
Turbulent smoke flow
Agitated, boiling, angry-movement smoke, which indicates great heat in the burning building. It is a precursor to flashover.
Having a facepiece dislodged or a low pressure alarm are examples of what type of MAYDAY situation?
Air emergencies
Which of the following types of respiratory protection uses visual ESTIs only? (294)
Air-purifying respirators
Growth Stage - The ease/speed at which a fire grows depends largely upon the following variables: -_________________________________ _ Fire grows in _______________________ to the volume of oxidizer (air) available to it.
Air/Oxygen Direct Proportion
Which of the following statements about ladder placement is MOST accurate?
An easy way to determine the proper distance between the butt and the building is to divide the working length of the ladder by four.
Green
Area of unburned fuels next to the involved area.
3. Which of the following consists of those operations involved in searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fires? A. Salvage B. Overhaul C. Protective actions D. Defensive operations
B
Which of the following building materials absorbs heat as moisture evaporates? A.Metal B.Gypsum C.Lath and plaster D.Reinforced concrete
B p.139
What construction type is composed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread? A.Type I B.Type II C.Type III D.Type IV
B p.144
Manufactured homes built before 1976 have less ___ than those of current construction: A.content load B.fire resistance C.building restrictions D.lightweight construction
B p.149
Soft sleeve hose is a minimum of ___ in length
15 feet (4.6 m)
Flashover
A transition phase in the development of a compartment fire in which surfaces exposed to thermal radiation reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly throughout the space, resulting in full room involvement or total involvement of the compartment or enclosed space. (NFPA 921)
63) One-inch rubber-covered and rubber-lined hose equipped with one-inch couplings is commonly called a:
Booster hose.
Operations relating to the search for and extinguishment of hidden or remaining fires is the definition of: A. Extinguishment. B. Fire attack. C. Overhaul. D. Salvage.
C
What should be developed for buildings with high-value contents that are susceptible to water and smoke damage? A. Routine response guides B. Automatic aid agreements C. Special preincident plans D. Automated response programs
C
Where should a firefighter place chocks if the direction of grade is undetermined? (514) A. Behind tires B. In front of tires C. On both sides of tires D. On the downhill side of tires
C. On both sides of tires
If a bulb must be replaced while hot, wear ___ to prevent being burned. (485) A. latex gloves B. cotton gloves C. leather gloves D. synthetic gloves
C. leather gloves
Long-term exposure of canvas salvage covers to sunlight will result in damage to the covers from: A. Gamma radiation. B. Infrared rays. C. Sunspotting. D. Ultraviolet rays.
D
Overhaul typically begins: A. Outside the structure working inward. B. At the structure's front door working inward. C. On the structure's roof working downward. D. In the area of most severe fire involvement.
D
What items should firefighters plan to protect during salvage operations at a residential occupancy? A. Upholstered furniture and bedding B. Photographs and artwork C. Computer equipment and important documents D. All of the above
D
Who can assist fire department personnel facilitate salvage efforts in commercial occupancies by identifying critical records and making suggestions for stock protection? A. Corporate executives B. Fork lift operators C. Public information officers D. Loss control representatives
D
The part of a sprinkler head that forms the water discharge pattern is the
Deflector
17) Which of the following has the highest priority for a radio transmission:
Emergency traffic from a unit working at a fire or rescue.
Internal customers
Employees and membership of the organization
Pyrolysis is ____________________ by nature.
Endothermic
_______ are used to determine if fire or the products of combustion are present and then signaling that these elements are present.
Fire Detection Systems
A building's _______ is designed to support the weight of a building and all its contents
Foundation
______ is considered to be the father of the automatic sprinkler system in the US
Frederick Grinnell
Reading Smoke Velocity -It is an indicator of: -_________________________ -_________________________
Heat Pressure
Greater Heat Flux or More _____________________________________________________.
Heat Making More Heat
Location of the neutral plane is based upon the ___________________________ of the room.
Heat and Pressure Balance
Conduction
Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact. (NFPA 921)
46) Which tool is used to take out a cylinder lock mounted in a wood or heavy metal door?
K-Tool.
Which of the following statements about ladder raises is MOST accurate?
Ladders may be raised parallel to the building and pivoted after they are in the vertical position.
Which of the following statements about ladder placement is MOST accurate?
Ladders should be placed to the side of openings including doors, and paths of travel.
This type of rope construction features individual fibers twisted into strands and strands are twisted together to form rope
Laid
Reading Smoke Velocity -_____________________________ is an indicator of: - Lower Heat - Lower Pressure
Laminar
When three firefighters carry a ladder, how should they be positioned?
One firefighter at each end on one side of the ladder, the third on the other side in the middle
Conduction- Transfer of heat energy from _________________________________ .
One material/molecule to another
Backdraft Sequence of events: -Gas/Air mixture reaches flammable range -___________________________________ needs to contain an explosive mix for backdraft to occur.
Only 25% of Total Space
85) Which of the following is a recommended practice to prevent mechanical fire hose damage?
Open and close nozzles, valves, and hydrants slowly.
An open-circuit SCBA air cylinder control valve should be _____ when in use. (290)
Opened fully
Training evolution
Operation of fire and emergency services training covering one or several aspects of firefighting
Which type of photoelectric smoke detector focuses a beam of light across the monitored area into a cell, and initiates an alarm when the beam is obscured? (1191) A. Ionization smoke detector B. Projected-beam smoke detector C. Light-emitting diode smoke detector D. Refractory application smoke detector
Projected-beam smoke detector
Reading Smoke Turbulent Smoke -It is a result of ________________________________ from the container - This smoke has been _________________________ by the restrictions of the container and will rise and expand quickly upon exiting.
Radiant Feedback Pressurized
Which of the following is an emergency exit indicator? (313)
SCBA failure
Beams
Term for side rails of ladder
Smoke
The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion, together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. (NFPA 318 )
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Total amount of heat released per unit of tike
87) Convection is:
Transfer of heat through liquids or gases by circulating currents.
Conduction
Transfer of heat through or between solids that are in direct contact
Remember, flashover is a ______________________________ in fire development as opposed to a true stage.
Transitional phase
Which communicable disease is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the respiratory system?
Tuberculosis (TB)
Reading Smoke Velocity -______________________________________indicates: -Higher Heat -Higher Pressure
Turbulent
interoperability
ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and use the information that has been exchanged
coconut grove nightclub fire
caused by overcrowding, combustible interior, lack of emergency lighting. resulted in stricter fire and life safety requirements for assembly type occupancies
combustibles adjacent to the ductwork of an HVAC system should be check in case ___ has caused additional fires.
conduction
In order to be reliable, fire hose must be: (816) A. recently constructed. B. replaced once a year. C. maintained by hose companies. D. constructed of the best materials.
constructed of the best materials
In order to be reliable, fire hose must be:
constructed of the best materials.
why may arched roofs prevent roof ladders from lying flat?
curvature of the roof
the most common type of fire hydrant in Wisconsin is the _____
dry barrel hydrant
Areas subjected to freezing are most often protected by ______ sprinkler systems
dry pipe
Fire hose couplings are made of: (820) A. hard plastic. B. polyvinyl chloride. C. plastic and aluminum. D. durable, rust-proof materials.
durable, rust-proof materials.
what is a reason that modern construction may tend to contain fires for longer periods of time?
energy efficient designs
Both before/during interior operations, firefighters should anticipate how fire dynamics may be affected by:
environmental conditions
Cold damage to fire hose can be prevented by: (827) A. rolling dry hose in a straight roll for storage. B. using hose bed covers on apparatus to shield hose. C. flowing water through nozzles during intermittent use at fires. D. running water through hose that has not been used for some time.
flowing water through nozzles during intermittent use at fires
Aqueous film Forming Foam
highly efficient type of fire suppressant agent, used by itself to attack flammable liquid pool fires
allowing natural air currents and pressure differences to move smoke and heat out of the building is natural...
horizontal ventilation
When using ___, kneel on the hose to anchor as the driver/operator drives slowly toward the water source. (862) A. supply hose as an attack line B. individual sections from a flat load C. hose equipped with wye appliances D. individual sections from a horseshoe load
hose equipped with wye appliances
what personal determines if ventilation is necessary?
incident commander
what factor has a bearing on deciding where to ventilate?
indications of potential structural collapse
station nightclub fire
lack of sprinkler, combustibles, bottleneck effect at the exits (trampled) , results be aware of the exits
rope storage
rope should be in a clean, dry, unheated area with freely circulating air currents. best method for storing rope is to place it into a nylon or canvas storage bag. bag makes the rope easy to transport and protects it from abrasion and contamination.
SCBA
self contained breathing apparatus
When heat causes the sprinkler head to activate, water discharges from the sprinkler head immediately in _______ sprinkler system.
wet pipe
hot zone
zone where firefighters and resources are staged to enter the hazard zone
The invisible products of combustion are best sensed by the ________ smoke detector.
Ionization
Lath and plaster construction is generally found in buildings constructed prior to the _____
1950s
Which nonemergency exit technique should be practiced in training until it is second nature? (315)
Controlled breathing
Floor Below
Fire Crews using a stand pipe should attack the fire at the ____________ _______________ the fire
Forms of Nuclear Energy ___________________________- The splitting of the nucleus of an atom into nucleus of an atom into nuclei of lighter atoms, accompanied by the release of energy.
Fission
The three most common types of roof are _____, ______, and _____
Flat, pitched, and arched
A fire in its incipient stage present with: -Little or no ____________________________or accumulation of hot gases at the top of the compartment.
Flow Path
A ______ door consists of flat faced panels that are the full height and width of the door
Flush
Indirect Attack (Structure Fire)
Fog stream introduced through an opening from outside the structure and directed at the ceiling where the temperature is highest. The steam created fills the compartment and absorbs heat.
Which of the following statements about for-streams is MOST accurate?
Fog-streams may be used to cool the hot fire gas layer
75) Fine water droplets and maximum high water surface area are characteristics of a what stream?
Fog.
A ______ door is hung from an overhead track with rollers or glides similar to those used by a sliding door
Folding
Which type of ladder has hinged rungs that allow the ladder to be folded so that one beam rests against the other, allowing it to be carried in narrow passageways?
Folding ladder
Indicators of possible backdraft: Smoke -_________________________________ -Appears to be ____________________________from the structure.
Issuing Under Pressure Breathing or Puffing
Effective safety and health programs depend only on participation from department administrators.
False
AFFF Extinguishers
Extinguishers suitable for Class A and B fires
Free radicals
Molecular fragments that are highly reactive
FF's should practice ____ in order to be warned of extreme fire behavior or structural collapse.
Situational awareness
Spring Loaded Center Punch
Tool of preference to break Tempered Glass
One-hundred percent cotton underwear is recommended for station/work uniforms to prevent: (276)
Burns
5. Which of the following refers to damage that is caused by suppression activities? A. Initial damage B. Primary damage C. Secondary damage D. Tertiary damage
C
Which of the following is an emergency exit indicator? (314)
Change in oxygen level
knots
used with ropes and webbing to join them together, attach them to people and objects , and form loops.
A column of water 1000' high will exert a pressure of _____ at its base.
43.4 psi
40. Which of the following statements about insulation materials is MOST accurate? A. Usually it is necessary to remove the material in order to properly check it or extinguish fire in it. B. Usually the material does not need to be removed and can be checked or fire extinguished in it in the structure. C. Insulation materials are generally fire retardant and thus cannot harbor hidden fires. D. Insulation materials are generally self-extinguishing so are not a hidden fire concern.
A
When using the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Urban Search system, what does a diagonal mark from upper right to lower left indicate?
A search is under way
Rehabilitation (Rehab)
Allowing firefighters to rest, rehydrate, and recover during an incident
When the alarm is transmitted directly to the fire department through a municipal fire box system it would be known as a/an __________system.
Auxiliary
22. Which of the following dewatering devices are best suited for salvage operations? A. Water barrels B. Trash-type pumps C. Fire department pumpers D. Reverse-suction pumpers
B
Which of the following BEST describes when power tools should be inspected? (503) A. At the end of each shift B. At the beginning of each shift C. Just after use while at an incident scene D. Just before use while at an incident scene
B. At the beginning of each shift
39) Once overhead doors have been forced, they should be:
Blocked open.
7. Overhaul operations should be delayed until: A. The fire is considered at least 50% contained. B. The fire is considered at least 75% contained. C. The fire scene investigator authorizes overhaul operations. D. The initial fire attack has been completed and risk is minimized.
C
Which of the following BEST describes walls that support the weight of a structure or structural components? A.Fire walls B.Penetrating walls C.Load-bearing walls D.Non-load-bearing walls
C p.160
In which roof style does the design depend on exterior walls to support its weight? A.Flat B.Pitched C.Arched D.Sawtooth
C p.163
What part of the roof is exposed to weather? A.Decks B.Supports C.Coverings D.Penetrations and openings
C p.168
42. Which of the following is the MOST effective way to extinguish small burning objects uncovered during overhaul? A. Dump buckets of water on them. B. Drench them with hose streams. C. Throw salvage covers on top of them. D. Submerge entire objects in containers of water.
D
Steel structural members lengthen as much as 4 inches (100 mm) when heated to: A.300¡F (149¡C). B.500¡F (260¡C). C.900¡F (482¡C). D.1,000¡F (538¡C).
D p.137
Webbing drag, clothing drag, fireman's carry
Drags you can do by yourself
*Which of the following is a feature that sends an alert signal to an agency's dispatch center
Dynamic regrouping
Flaming fires cause the ______ smoke detector to respond faster than other types to the products of combustion.
Ionization
Flow Paths: The heat energy released by the combustion process causes more fuel to be released which, when combined with oxygen an combusted, results in ________________________.
More Heat
Which preconnected hoseline deploys by unfolding from the top of the stack carried on the shoulder as the firefighter advances toward the fire? (861) A. Flat load B. Minuteman load C. Triple layer load D. Combination load
Minuteman load
5) What normal body cooling mechanism is lost when wearing PPE?
Evaporation of perspiration.
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn when noise exceeds maximum noise exposure levels? (270)
Hearing protection devices
Jet Dumps
Increase the flow rate of Dump valves
Autoignition
Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame
Known as a protected premises system, a/an _______ alarm system, the system transmits both a visible and an audible alarm on the immediate premises only.
Local
The practice of minimizing damage and providing customer service through effective mitigation and recovery efforts before, during, and after an incident.
Loss Control
A fire in its incipient stage present with: -_________________________________________
Low Compartmental Heat
Which personal protective equipment item protects against respiratory hazards and airborne pathogens?
Masks
Which of the following is a Example how to avoid ambient noise
Moving out of the wind
Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1521
Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program
NFPA 1581
61) Where does the top beam of the ladder rest in the one-fire fighter carry?
On the shoulder.
Which type of indicating valve has a hollow metal post housing the valve stem with a moveable plate visible through a small glass window on the side? (1200-1201) A. Outside stem and yoke B. Post indicator valve (PIV) C. Circular disk-and-plate valve D. Post indicator valve assembly (PIVA)
Post indicator valve (PIV)
Forms of Mechanical Heat Energy ___________________________ - The application of continuous force by one body on another that it is touching. (compression) Example: SCBA bottle heating as it is filled.
Pressure
Pyrolysis
Process of converting a solid to a gas
Results of Backdraft Structural -Room of backdraft origin _________________________________.
Returns to a fully developed state.
Which of the following statements about the effects of sprinkler systems on life safety is MOST accurate? (1195) A. Sprinkler systems have little effect of the safety of firefighters. B. Sprinkler systems alone are enough to protect occupants from smoke. C. Sprinklers are ineffective in reducing the upward spread of a fire in multistory buildings. D. Sprinklers discharge water directly onto a fire while it is still small, limiting the products of combustion.
Sprinklers discharge water directly onto a fire while it is still small, limiting the products of combustion.
Roof Manifold
Standpipe systems are used in buildings where it may be difficult for the Fire Department to pump water on the fire. Standpipe systems are required in buildings that are over six stories 75 feet in height.
Drainages (Runs)
Steep ravines that create turbulent updrafts causing a chimney effect.
Procedure
Step-by-step written plan that is closely related to a policy
Three categories of hazards that can benefit from fire and life safety education are unsafe behaviors, unsafe conditions, and: Select one: a. biological hazards. b. natural hazards. c. code violations. d. hazardous processes.
The correct answer is: hazardous processes.
Plume
The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising from a fire
Decay phase
The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.
144) When inspecting kernmantle rope for damage, one can assume:
The rope's core can be damaged without showing evidence of outer sheath damage.
When leaving a room, turn ____ the direction used to enter in order to continue the search.
The same way as
45) Which of the following statements regarding power saw safety is incorrect?
The saw should be started on level ground and carried up the ladder while running.
69) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
The secondary search is the most dangerous.
Flanks
The sides of a ground cover fire, roughly parallel to the main direction of the fire spread. Shifts in wind direction can change flanks into heads.
HRR is _______________________________________ when describing a fire problem.
The single most important variable
Heat causes current to flow between two wires of dissimilar metals in a _______ detection device. More heat results in more current.
Thermoelectric
84) Which of the following statements regarding fog nozzles is not correct?
They have a greater reach that solid stream nozzles.
Ventilation
This allows for smoke to be removed and allows cool air into the compartment
Which preconnected hose load is designed to be pulled by one person and must be completely removed from the bed before deploying the nozzle end?
Triple layer load.
Which of the following statements provides the BEST guideline for lifting and lowering ladders?
Use the correct number of firefighters for the length and type of ladder to be lifted or lowered.
Which of the following items allow the number of hoselines operating on the fire ground to be increased or decreased?
Valve devices
A Fire in its fully developed stage will present with: - A well defined and strong flow path - In this state, the fire is _______________________________________ and increasing the amount of available air will increase the size of the fire and the volume of heat.
Ventilation Limited
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
a national organizational model that allows all levels of government to work together with a common structure
what must be kept for every single life rope?
a rope log. the log must include the product label and manufactures instructions, as well as information regarding purchase date, use, maintenance, inspections, and the incident that resulted in the impact loading.
A preincident planning survey can assist with: (1256) A. determining potential hazards. B. improving local code enforcement. C. identifying tactical procedure flaws. D. training residents for occupant hoseline use.
determining potential hazards.
What is the first step to locating information in your department's regulations
ask your supervisor
when ventilation a multistory building, it is best to apply positive pressure ventilation (PPV)...
at the lowest point of the structure
When selecting a ladder to access a specific point, which of the following is MOST accurate regarding estimated distances and ladder reach?
b. A commercial story averages 12 feet (4 m).
The lowest, widest section of an extension ladder is called the:
bed section.
situational awareness
being aware of your surroundings and anticipate future events
Which of the following statements about fire streams is MOST accurate?
c. The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle.
webbing
can be flat or tubular. used in conjunction with rope for both life safety and utility applications. comes in many forms and may be a piece of material, a loop, a ladder belt, or a rescue harness.
utility rope
can be used to hoist equipment , secure unstable objects, or cordon off an area
What product of combustion is the most common product in structure fires?
carbon monoxide
The Incident Commander may give orders for all personnel to exit the hazard zone if:
conditions change rapidly
Sprinkler deflectors serve to: (1198) A. direct water flow downward. B. support the piping and sprinklers. C. protect sprinklers from dust and debris. D. direct water flow upward toward the ceiling.
direct water flow downward.
Cold damage to fire hose can be prevented by
flowing water through nozzles during intermittent use at fires
MGM grand hotel fire
had no sprinklers, resulted in requiring all medium and high rise buildings to install sprinkler systems
natural fibers
made from manila, sisal, and cotton. it resist from sunlight,does not melt when exposed to heat, it holds a knot firmly.
Hands should be washed for:
no less than 30 seconds.
The fire alarm control panel in a (an) ___ system is not capable of identifying the initiating device that triggered the alarm. (1182) A. coded alarm B. noncoded alarm C. addressable alarm D. annunciated alarm
noncoded alarm
NFPA 1035
standard for professional qualifications for fire and life safety educator, public information officer, and juvenile fire setter intervention specialist
NFPA 1006
standard for technical rescuer professional qualifications
NFPA 1407
standard for training fire service rapid intervention crews
incident commander (IC)
the person in charge of an incident in ICS
Antifreeze systems may be used as an extension of a wet pipe sprinkler system to protect small areas subject to freezing
true
Permitted by only in light hazard occupancies a limited supply sprinkler system may be installed where inadequate water is available by using pressure tanks or elevated tanks as the initial source of water for the system.
true
Chapter 17: IFSTA Q's
...
Chapter 17: Study Guide
...
which of the following is a characteristic of older structure construction?
windows that could be opened for ventilation
what is a primary reason that firefighters should not create tactical ventilation openings in an uncoordinated manner?
can spread fire to uninvolved areas
tactical ventilation reduces fire damage in structures and limits water damage because it...
increases speed with which interior fires can be extinguished
Compartment doors may interfere with what type of SCBA mount?
Backup mount
List four recommended fire hose cleaning practices after chemical exposure.
• Avoid laying fire hose directly against curbs where oil, gasoline, and battery acid may accumulate or pool • Avoid exposing fire hose to hazardous material spills • Avoid exposing fire hose to spills of foam concentrate • Scrub fire hose suspected of having contacted acid or other caustic chemical thoroughly with solution of bicarbonate of soda and water • Remove hose periodically from apparatus, wash with plain water, and dry thoroughly • Test hose properly if any suspicion of damage • Dispose of hose according to departmental SOP if exposed to hazardous materials and cannot be decontaminated
Precipitation
Determines moisture content of live fuels.
Where might booster hose reels be mounted on the apparatus?
In rear compartments
Variables of all Fuels: Home Sizes Have Changed -Since the 1970's the average single-family dwelling in this country has: Transitioned from primarily single-story structures to primarily 2-story structures __________________________________ increase in the number of 2 story homes __________________________________ decrease in the number of 1-story homes
143% 52%
Water converts to steam occupies _____ times its original volume.
1700
Webbing Uses
Anchors Slings Harnesses Lashing
Stressor
Any agent, condition, or experience that causes stress
If an order does not sound right, FF's should:
Ask for clarification
Exothermic reaction
Chemical reaction that releases thermal energy or heat
Which of the following buildings may be exempt from local building codes? A.School buildings B.Industrial factories C.Business structures D.Factory-built (mobile) homes
D p.142
Type III construction requires exterior walls and structural members to be constructed of: A.wood and metal. B.steel and masonry. C.large-dimension lumber. D.noncombustible materials.
D p.145
In what construction type are exterior load-bearing walls composed entirely of wood? A.Type I B.Type III C.Type IV D.Type V
D p.147
What type of roof contains panels that retain electricity even when off? A.Rain roof B.Cold roof C.Green roof D.Photovoltaic (Solar) roof
D p.171
Direct Attack (Wildland Fires)
Operation where action is taken directly on burning fuels by applying an extinguishing agent to the edge of the fire or close to it.
Perimeter
Outer boundary of fire. Also called the fire edge.
chronic
long term, reoccurring
38. Which of the following is an indicator of a possible hidden fire? A. Popping or cracking of fire burning. B. Absence of sound from a particular area. C. Doors that have become partially open. D. Areas that appear visually unaffected by fire.
A
45. Which of the following is the way to ensure that fires in bales of rags, cotton, hay, etc. are completely out? A. Break them apart. B. Drench them with hose streams. C. Throw salvage covers on top of them. D. Use hand-held portable extinguishers on them.
A
Secondary damage is caused by: A. The fire. B. Fire suppression activities. C. The arsonist. D. Fire prevention activities.
B
Salvage cover arrangement that channels excess water from a building. A modified version can be made with larger sizes of fire hose.
Chute
1. Which of the following statements BEST describes the philosophy of loss control? A. To minimize negative public relations stemming from an incident? B. To maximize positive public relations and downplay any losses sustained by the public. C. To focus on minimizing losses only during operations and let other agencies provide customer support when losses occur. D. To minimize damage and provide customer service through effective mitigation and recovery efforts before, during, and after an incident.
D
13. Why should cabinets and tabletops be wiped off with disposable paper towels? A. Water left on cabinets and other horizontal surfaces may be a slipping hazard. B. Water left on cabinets and other horizontal surfaces may make it difficult to find hidden fires. C. Water left on cabinets and other horizontal surfaces may make it difficult to pinpoint fire cause. D. Water left on cabinets and other horizontal surfaces may ruin finishes over a period of hours.
D
28. Which of the following is used to construct a catchall? A. Carryall B. Hoseline C. Water barrel D. Salvage cover
D
33. Which of the following must be a routine part of the overhaul operation? A. Estimating clean-up costs B. Wearing loose, comfortable clothing C. Determining appropriate mode of fire attack. D. Wearing appropriate PPE, including respiratory protection.
D
39. Where does overhaul typically begin? A. In the most easily accessible area. B. Either in the basement or on the roof. C. In the area of least severe fire involvement. D. In the area of most severe fire involvement.
D
Those operations conducted once the main body of fire has been extinguished that consist of searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fire, placing the building and its contents in a safe condition, determining the cause of the fire, and recognizing and preserving evidence of arson.
Overhaul
131) A dry chemical fire extinguisher rated as 10-B should be capable of extinguishing how many times as much fire as a unit rated as 1-B?
10.
to be effective, sprinkler heads require a clearance of at least _____ inches measured from the deflector to any stock placed below
18"
What is the minimum overlap between coat and trousers when the wearer is bent over to a 90 degree angle? (280)
2 inches (50 mm)
Water is converted to steam at what temperature?
212 F
Float strainers can draft water from sources as shallow as:
24 inches (1200 mm)
Manufactured homes make up ___% of all housing sales in the US
25%
arched, pitched, flat
3 main types of roofs
Joules (J)
4.2 Joules are required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius
Working load of OCFA life safety rope
600 Pounds
to perform hydraulic ventilation, a fog nozzle should be set on a wide fog pattern to cover what percent of the opening through which the smoke will be drawn or pulled?
85 to 90
NFPA standard for tensile strength of fire service Life Safety rope
9000 pounds.
The critical temperature for steel can be reached at ceiling level from: A.the rising heat and smoke in the room. B.the steam from fire suppression efforts. C.heat from other spaces in the structure. D.construction materials that burn quickly.
A p.137
27) Hypoxia is:
A deficiency of oxygen.
Class B fire
A fire in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases. (NFPA 10)
Class C fire
A fire that involves energized electrical equipment. (NFPA 10)
Flashover
A rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage
Fire
A rapid, persistent chemical reaction that releases both heat and light.
53) A nonadjustable ladder that consists of only one section is called what type of ladder?
A single/wall.
Static Water source
A water source such as a a pond or lake
How long is the electrical system in an electric vehicle considered unsafe after the ignition has been shut down? (518) A. 10 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 20 minutes D. 25 minutes
A. 10 minutes
During vehicle extrication operations what is the BEST type of surface to place a jack on? (493) A. A flat, level surface B. A soft, angled surface C. The surface closest to the vehicle D. The surface farthest from the vehicle
A. A flat, level surface
What type of structural collapse occurs when the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of a load-bearing wall collapse, allowing a good chance of victim survival? (538) A. A-frame B. Pancake C. V-shaped D. Cantilever
A. A-frame
Which of the following is a duty that is part of assessing the immediate area around a vehicle during an extrication operation? (511) A. Assess condition and position of vehicles B. Check for involved vehicles that might not be visible C. Assess damage to structures that may present a hazard D. Check for victims who might have been ejected from vehicles
A. Assess condition and position of vehicles
What type of vehicle is powered by a bank of batteries that must be plugged into a charging station and has a relatively short driving range? (508) A. Electric vehicle B. Hydraulic vehicle C. Conventional vehicle D. Hybrid electric vehicle
A. Electric vehicle
Which of the following vehicle extrication hazards can be isolated by deactivating undeployed air bags? (506) A. Fire B. Traffic C. Sharp objects D. Blood borne pathogens
A. Fire
Firefighters without confined-space rescue training are limited to which of the following duties? (539) A. Performing non-entry rescues B. Performing less complex confined-space rescues C. Identifying physical hazards while performing rescue D. Relaying information about atmospheric hazards while performing rescue
A. Performing non-entry rescues
What method of gaining access to victims can be accomplished by cutting hinges, breaking a latch mechanism, or compromising locks? (526) A. Prying a door open B. Removing a window C. Cutting through posts D. Removing the vehicle roof
A. Prying a door open
What type of lifting tool is used to create an anchor point above a manhole or opening? (496) A. Tripod B. Low-pressure lifting bag C. High-pressure lifting bag D. Medium-pressure lifting bag
A. Tripod
Which of the following BEST describes hazards specific to ice rescue operations? (542) A. Victims unlikely to help with own rescue B. Oxygen deficiency due to inadequate ventilation C. Rescue must happen in rugged, inaccessible terrain D. Hazard created by debris trapped against upstream face
A. Victims unlikely to help with own rescue
Which of the following stabilizing tools must comply with both NFPA¨ and Society of Automotive Engineers standards? (495) A. Wheel chocks B. Hydraulic jack C. Cribbing materials D. Buttress tension system
A. Wheel chocks
Which of the following BEST describes when to replace a spark plug on an electrical generator? (484) A. When it is damaged B. After three months of use C. During routine maintenance D. After five to eight months of use
A. When it is damaged
During confined-space rescue, all rescuers must have a ___ attached to a harness that is constantly monitored. (540) A. search line B. PASS device C. portable radio D. supplied-air respirator
A. search line
Oxidation Variables _____________________________-Excess compounds in the atmosphere may prevent/block the pathways of energy preventing or limiting the sustainment of redox reactions. These compounds are known as _____________________.
Accessibility Thermal Ballast
Which hose load is easy to load and requires two or three people to load? (848) A. Flat load B. Accordion load C. Horseshoe load D. Combination load
Accordion load
Which type of protected premises alarm system allows responders to pinpoint the specific initiating device that was activated? (1183) A. Zoned alarm B. Noncoded alarm C. Addressable alarm D. Annunciated alarm
Addressable alarm
What type of NFPA® defined cleaning may be done in a washing machine designed to handle heavy loads? (279)
Advanced cleaning
In order to control egress passageways, firefighters should close doors to rooms adjacent to the passageway:
After its searched
What audience characteristic is the primary factor in presentation style when giving a fire and life safety presentation? (1247) A. Age B. Physical ability C. Cultural diversity D. Educational level
Age
What best describes a common cause of firefighter injury during victim removal?
Aggravating spinal injury
What is the most common material used for fire service ladders?
Aluminum
_______ will be affected by heat much more rapidly than steel
Aluminum
This is a fire development factor which includes cold temperature, strong winds and wind direction
Ambient conditions
Oxidizer
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials
LPG tactics
Approach from 45 degree angle. Use gas detectors to determine leaks and isolate leaks. Allow fire to self extinguish. Use foam or water when necessary. Direct streams at top of tank to provide cooling. Stay clear of vapor clouds.
In the acronym LUNAR, the A stands for?
Assignment
70) A rapid intervention crew team is composed of:
At least two fire fighters.
37) Tempered plate glass should be broken only as a last resort. It is recommended that it be shattered by striking:
At the lowest corner with the pick end of a fire ax.
What type of hose transports water or other agents, at increased pressure, from a pump-equipped apparatus to a nozzle? (816) A. Attack hose B. Supply hose C. Booster hose D. Pumper hose
Attack hose
Which is the most common category of notification appliances? (1180) A. Visual B. Textual C. Tactile D. Audible
Audible
Chain of Command
Authoritative flow of organization from bottom to top
______________________________- The minimum temperature at which a solid fuel will give off sufficient flammable/combustible vapors in air capable of sustained combustion without an external ignition source.
Auto-Ignition Temperature
What is the first step in establishing safe conditions in a structure for conducting overhaul operations? A. Measuring the amount of extinguishing agent remaining in the apparatus' tank. B. Inspecting the premises. C. Turning the building's utilities back on. D. None of the above.
B
Which of the following BEST describes the minimum level of protection that should be on stand-by at vehicle extrication incidents? (508) A. A single firefighter standing by with a charged hoseline B. A single firefighter standing by with a portable extinguisher C. Three firefighters standing by, each with a portable extinguisher D. An entire fire crew standing by with charged hoselines and equipment
B. A single firefighter standing by with a portable extinguisher
Which of the following BEST describes why plastic cribbing may be preferred over wooden cribbing? (496) A. It is less expensive to buy B. It is lighter and lasts longer C. It will not slip under wet conditions D. It is rated so that quality is ensured
B. It is lighter and lasts longer
What type of rescue equipment is used to raise a vehicle resting on its roof or side? (515) A. Pulling devices B. Lifting devices C. Stabilizing devices D. Passenger safety devices
B. Lifting devices
Which of the following rescue tool uses includes tools to drag materials away to free victims? (486) A. Lifting B. Pulling C. Cutting D. Stabilizing
B. Pulling
Which of the following describes the BEST method to gain access to a victim during vehicle extrication? (522) A. The method more firefighters know B. The method that is simplest and fastest C. The method that requires the least amount of responders D. The method that uses the least amount of equipment on scene
B. The method that is simplest and fastest
Which of the following personnel are allowed in the hot zone? (534) A. Those personnel who are working the incident B. Those directly involved in resolving the emergency C. Those members of the general public watching the incident D. Those directly supporting the personnel resolving the emergency
B. Those directly involved in resolving the emergency
During an elevator rescue, extrication should begin immediately if occupants: (546) A. seem prone to panic B. require medical attention C. condition is medically stable D. request immediate extrication
B. require medical attention
______ is the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water 1 F.
BTU, British thermal unit
Smoke stained windows is one possible heat indicator for what?
Backdraft
Which of the following stable power transmitter and interference-resistant receivers
Base station radio
41) A what can be safely carried by two firefighters, although it is designed to be used by two or four fire fighters?
Battering ram.
______ are the sections of lumber located directly under the roof decking. Pitched roof, go from ridge line to each side wall, flat roof, extend wall to wall
Beams
Indicators of possible backdraft: Air -___________________________ rapidly into the structure
Being Drawn
What basic presentation skill advises that firefighters should not use jargon when delivering a fire and life safety presentation? (1246) A. Positive attitude B. Conversational tone C. Best choice of words D. Good development of ideas
Best choice of words
There are two basic types of flow paths: __________________________________ - A single opening serves as both input and exhaust __________________________________ - Multiple openings provide the container with primarily separate input and exhaust openings.
Bi-Directional Uni-Directional
The only type of rope construction that may be utilized for life safety line
Block Creel Construction
94) Positive-pressure ventilation is:
Blowing fresh air in.
A ______ ______ is used wherever large open floor spaces with limited interior supports are needed
Bowstring truss
Green wood has a high ___ that affects burn rate. A.spalling point B.heat resistance C.moisture content D.failure temperature
C p.135
What type of common building material includes bricks, stones, and concrete blocks? A.Wood B.Metal C.Masonry D.Lath and Plaster
C p.135
Which of the following BEST describes who determines a structureÕs construction classification type? A.Contractor, architect, city official B.City official, property owner, contractor C.Architect, structural engineer, contractor D.Structural engineer, contractor, city official
C p.142
The interior elements in what type of construction are made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed space? A.Type II B.Type III C.Type IV D.Type V
C p.146
The use of prefabricated wood truss systems in Type V construction creates: A.holes for utility lines. B.small openings for crawl spaces. C.a large, open void between floors. D.a closed channel system between floors.
C p.149
What building component is designed to support the weight of a building and all its contents? A.Wall B.Roof C.Foundation D.Floor/Ceiling
C p.158
Additions to the structure, replacing fire escapes with enclosed stairways, and removing non-load-bearing walls are all types of: A.roof obstructions. B.security measures. C.permitted structural modifications. D.nonpermitted structural modifications.
C p.173
What type of door may be required by building codes to be constructed of tempered material that resists breakage? A.Fire door B.Panel door C.Glass door D.Metal door
C p.183
In the OATH method of signaling on a search line, two tugs represents: (540) A. O - ok B. H - help C. A - advance D. T - take-up slack
C. A - advance
Which of the following extrication methods is common after front-end collisions? (528) A. Prying open a door B. Removing a window C. Displacing the dashboard D. Removing the vehicle roof
C. Displacing the dashboard
What initial action is performed to ensure the use of a personnel accountability system? (534) A. Stabilize the victim B. Size-up the situation C. Establish scene security D. Communicate information
C. Establish scene security
Which of the following passenger safety systems can be found either behind the front seat in small sports cars or in the rear window deck of convertibles? (521) A. Seat belt pretensioners B. Head protection systems C. Extendable roll over protection systems D. Supplemental passenger restraining systems
C. Extendable roll over protection systems
Which of the following BEST describes an advantage of winch cable made of steel? (500) A. It floats on water B. It resists ultraviolet light C. It is durable and long lasting D. It is not affected by temperature variations
C. It is durable and long lasting
What type of device BEST fits the following characteristics: small, accelerates quickly, and may have automatic controls? (545) A. Escalator B. Freight elevator C. Passenger elevator D. Construction elevator
C. Passenger elevator
Which of the following tools is made in three basic types and gives rescuers the ability to lift or displace objects? (496) A. Cribbing materials B. Nonhydraulic jacks C. Pneumatic lifting bags D. Buttress tension system
C. Pneumatic lifting bags
Which of the following vehicle extrication hazards can be mitigated by covering sharp edges with used fire hose? (507) A. Fire B. Traffic C. Sharp objects D. Blood borne pathogens
C. Sharp objects
When removing a roof, firefighters cut just below roof level to avoid cutting which of the following? (527) A. Fuel lines B. Live electrical wires C. Side airbag gas cylinders D. Space victims may occupy
C. Side airbag gas cylinders
Which of the following BEST describes the result of running a generator for a long period of time without a load? (485) A. May contaminate fuel B. Can damage electrical system C. Will overheat and damage generator D. Allows equipment to warm-up before use
C. Will overheat and damage generator
When cutting power cables in a nonelectric vehicle cut: (517) A. before unlocking power doors B. before lowering power windows C. the negative first, then the positive D. the positive first, then the negative
C. the negative first, then the positive
Chocking can be accomplished with standard: (514) A. tools and cribbing B. cribbing or lifting bags C. wheel chocks or cribbing D. lifting bags or wheel chocks
C. wheel chocks or cribbing
Compressed or Liquefied Natural gases
CNG or LNG - Fuel tanks or usually located in the trunk area, side panels, or in open beds.
When marking a room, the marks should be low so they:
Can be seen under smoke
_____ _____ stands up to well to fire and intense heat, but it may crack and shatter when it's rapidly cooled with water
Cast iron
Which hose tool protects fire hose from vibrating and rubbing against other surfaces?
Chafing block
Which hose tool protects fire hose from vibrating and rubbing against other surfaces? (842) A. Hose ramp B. Hose bridge C. Chafing block D. Spanner wrench
Chafing block
During a structural search, firefighters should monitor radio traffic for:
Changes in orders
* most departments have a ___ assigned for dispatching only
Channel
Which sprinkler release mechanism has a valve cap held in place by a small piece of solder that melts to release pressure and on the valve? (1198) A. Fusible link B. Frangible bulb C. Bimetallic strip D. Chemical pellet
Chemical pellet
Oxidization
Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer such as oxygen in the air
Endothermic reaction
Chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy or hear
107) One way to remove water coming through the ceiling from upper floors is by the use of:
Chutes.
External customers
Citizens of the service area protected by the organization
Green Triangle
Class A Fire extinguisher Symbol
Red Square
Class B Fire Extinguisher Symbol
blue Circle
Class C Fire extinguisher Symbol
Yellow Star
Class D Fire extinguisher Symbol
Which class of standpipe system is equipped with a 1 1/2 inch (38 mm) hose and lightweight twist-type shutoff nozzle stored on a hose rack system? (1210) A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. Class IV
Class II
The NBCC defines three types of building construction, ______, ______, and _____ ______
Combustible, noncombustible, and heavy timber (must avoid concealed spaces)
A self-sustaining chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and light.
Combustion
Ambient conditions
Common, prevailing, and uncontrolled atmospheric weather conditions
Density Defined As: A measure of the ______________________ of a substance.
Compactness
Growth Stage - The ease/speed at which a fire grows depends largely upon the following variables: - ________________________________________ -Larger, Taller Compartments
Compartment Design
In the Incipient Stage continued growth depends upon the following variables:
Compartment Design Location of fuel Fuel Composition Availability of Oxygen Time/Duration of Exposure
During which stage of shock is the body affected by the negative condition and is adjusting functions in order to maintain normal levels?
Compensated
A fire in its incipient stage present with: -________________________________________ Usually seen on windows in or near the fire compartment.
Condensation
Which of the following BEST describes a guideline firefighters should follow when performing a private residential fire safety survey?(1244) A. Do not mention favorable conditions found B. Conduct the survey in teams of two or more C. Survey all rooms, starting with the least accessible D. Open doors as needed without asking for permission
Conduct the survey in teams of two or more
What method of heat transfer occurs when a material is heated as the result of direct contact with a heat source
Conduction
Flashover signifies the transition of fire from _____________________ only to contents and __________________________.
Contents Compartment
Variables of all Fuels: _________________________________ Greater Quantity Increased Use of Synthetic Materials
Contents Have Changed
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ______________________________________ of fuel.
Continuity
Specifics of Block Creel Construction
Continuous filament virgin fiber that runs the entire length of the rope.
24) Trapped fire fighters awaiting rescue will use less air of they:
Control their breathing.
______________________ occurs naturally in almost every environment.
Convection
**Which of the following has a radio frequency that is dedicated to a single function
Conventional
Which of the following has a radio frequency dedicated to a single function
Conventional system
What basic presentation skill advises that firefighters should use a relaxed tone to help an audience feel at ease when delivering a fire and life safety presentation? (1247) A. Positive attitude B. Conversational tone C. Best choice of words D. Good development of ideas
Conversational tone
What rescue method is not practical for moving unconscious adults?
Cradle-in-arms lift/carry
What is a benefit of starting fire attack and ventilation simultaneously?
Creates more survivable conditions
Common sizes of commercial salvage covers include 9 x 12 feet (3 m x 4 m) and: A. 12 x 14 feet (4 m x 4.6 m) B. 12 x 18 feet (4 m x 6 m) C. 14 x 18 feet (4.6 m x 6 m) D. All of the above.
D
Those operations that aid in reducing primary and secondary damage during fire fighting operations is the definition of: A. Extinguishment. B. Fire attack. C. Overhaul. D. Salvage.
D
What building component may be mounted over doors and windows to prevent illegal entry? A.Truss assemblies B.Plywood sheathings C.Solar energy panels D.Security bars or grilles
D p.173
What type of stairs uses a ventilation system activated by automatic fire or smoke detection? A.Access stairs B.Fire escapes C.Protected stairs D.Smokeproof stair enclosures
D p.177
What part of the window is composed of a sill, side jamb, and head jamb? A.Sash B.Pane C.Head D.Frame
D p.186
What stabilizing tool uses a system of at least three posts wedged between the ground and a vehicle resting on its side or top? (495) A. Hydraulic jack B. Wheel chocks C. Ratchet-lever jack D. Buttress tension system
D. Buttress tension system
What is the first step during water rescue operations size-up? (541) A. Establish scene security B. Decide what rescue tasks may be required C. Assess the types of undercurrents on scene D. Determine if incident requires rescue or recovery
D. Determine if incident requires rescue or recovery
Which of the following statements about cutting posts made from exotic metals is MOST accurate? (528) A. Hand tools can be used but take much longer B. Posts made from exotic metals cannot be cut C. Reciprocating saws can be used without damage to blades D. Hand tools cannot be used to cut posts made from exotic metals
D. Hand tools cannot be used to cut posts made from exotic metals
Which of the following methods of controlling hazards BEST describes one way to control traffic hazards at an incident scene? (505) A. Allow traffic in one direction only B. Stop all vehicular traffic within one mile C. Maintain constant situational awareness D. Have a significant law enforcement presence
D. Have a significant law enforcement presence
Which of the following BEST describes the location of an escalator's manual stop switch? (547) A. Next to the closest exit door B. On a handrail at the top of the unit C. In an equipment room located in the building D. On nearby wall or handrail at top or bottom of unit
D. On nearby wall or handrail at top or bottom of unit
Which type of rescue tools are typically vehicle repair tools adapted to fire service use? (490) A. Pulling tools B. Cutting tools C. Power rescue tools D. Pneumatic and manual rescue tools
D. Pneumatic and manual rescue tools
What rescue tool can be useful for securing vinyl coverings on roof openings? (502) A. Impact tools B. Come-alongs C. Steel cable winch D. Pneumatic nailers
D. Pneumatic nailers
What type of technical rescue involves physical hazards such as debris that is sharp, jagged, or unstable as well as exposed wiring and rebar? (538) A. Water rescue B. Vehicle rescue C. Confined-space rescue D. Structural collapse rescue
D. Structural collapse rescue
Tool capabilities vary depending on: (486) A. age of tool B. user ability C. age of tool and power source D. manufacturer and power source
D. manufacturer and power source
13) The street, or address side of the structure is termed:
Division A.
This radiation feedback __________________________________ resulting in a drastic spike in room and content temperature.
Dramatically Increases Heat Flux
Which of the following BEST describes when an SCBA cylinder needs to be replaced? (311)
During inspection if cylinder contains less than 90% of capacity
Which of the following fire service trends of change means that fire departments must provide some type of First Responder Care?
Emergency Medical Services
Which of the following SCBA components warns when the system is reaching 20-25% of cylinder capacity? (293)
End-of-service-time indicators
________________________-A chemical reaction that absorbs more heat energy that it releases.
Endothermic
139) Fire fighters should treat all downed wires as:
Energized.
IDLH
Environment that is immeidiately dangerous to life and health
Intrinsically safe equipment
Equipment designed and approved for use in flammable atmospheres
Which of the following statements about decontaminating equipment and personal protective equipment is MOST accurate?
Equipment should be disinfected in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
Unity of command
Everyone only answers to one person or officer
Dry-Barrel hydrants are designed to have water inside them at all times.
False
Fire hydrant locations are generally determined by the fire department.
False
Which of the following regulates all radio Munication in the United States
Federal communicate commission
_____________________________-The lowest Temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce sufficient vapors to ignite and support combustion for at least 5 seconds.
Fire Point
Which alarm system component serves as the "brain" for the fire alarm system? (1178) A. Initiating device B. Primary power supply C. Notification appliance D. Fire alarm control panel
Fire alarm control panel
Carbon Monoxide or Carbon Dioxide are typical products of combustion sensed by a ______ detector
Fire gas
Which method of providing ambulance services may be staffed by firefighters who are cross-trained as emergency medical technicians or Paramedics?
Fire-based EMS
Which type of alarm-initiating device is activated in the presence of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other gases produced by fires in confined spaces? (1193) A. Heat detector B. Flame detector C. Fusible detector D. Fire-gas detector
Fire-gas detector
Results of Backdraft: Fire/Heat -______________________ will explosively press toward ventilation opening.
Fireball/Smoke
Which of the following BEST illustrates a safety guideline for handling ladders?
Firefighters should wear a full body harness and safety line when training on ladders.
Which of the following statements about fixed temperature heat detectors is MOST accurate? (1186) A. Fixed temperature heat detectors are most prone to false activations. B. Fixed temperature heat detectors should be installed at eye level or below. C. Fixed temperature heat detectors use photoelectric cells to initiate an alarm signal. D. Fixed temperature heat detectors can be the slowest to activate, depending on installation location.
Fixed temperature heat detectors can be the slowest to activate, depending on installation location.
What component of emergency medical protective clothing may be dual certified for use in the station as well? (274)
Footwear
What are the three main influences on ground cover fire?
Fuel, Weather, & Topography
Which type of valve has a baffle that lowers into the path of the water by turning a screw-type handle?
Gate valve
Freelancing
Going to do your own job without command, DO NOT DO
Which of the following fire streams is supplied by 1 1/2 to 3 inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hose, and discharge from 40 to 350 fpm (160L/min to 1400 L/min)?
Handline stream
What type of hose is designed for drafting water from static water supplies or connecting to a fire hydrant?
Hard-suction hose
What type of hose is designed for drafting water from static water supplies or connecting to a fire hydrant? (820) A. Soft sleeve hose B. Hard-suction hose C. Double jacket hose D. Suction supply hose
Hard-suction hose
3) OSHA may establish regulations governing fire department activities such as:
Health and safety.
Ignition Requires - Sufficient ____________________ to initiate and sustain the combustion reaction.
Heat
Rollover __________________- Increased flames create greater liberation of heat and light. All elements within the compartment are pushed to near auto-ignition temp.
Heat
These increases in energy density and heat release rates result in: -Greater ________________________ -The amount of heat transferred per unit area per unit time from or to a surface
Heat Flux
Mechanical Heat Energy
Heat caused by touching forces, Example Friction
Growth Stage - The ease/speed at which a fire grows depends largely upon the following variables: -Heat - ___________________________________________
Heat is the driving factor in fire growth
Variables of all Fuels: -Energy Density -___________________________ The amount of heat released per unit mass or volume unit of a substance at the end of a complete combustion process.
Heat of Combustion
Forms of Chemical Heat Energy _________________________________- Heat released or absorbed as a result of one chemical being dissolved into another.
Heat of solution
The _____ is the part of a sprinkler head that determines the activation temperature.
Heat sensing device
Which of the following statements about heat sensor labels is MOST accurate?
Heat sensors are preset to change color at 300 degrees F.
Radiation
Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy
86) Proper ventilation results in an orderly movement of what through and out of the structure?
Heated fire gases.
Type IV Construction
Heavy Timber Building
In buildings with large, open spaces, proper tactical ventilation (channeling smoke from a building at it's ______ ______) is essential for slowing the spread of fire
Highest point
Which of the following tools is required when extending a section of hose?
Hose clamp
Which of the following types of special protective clothing requires a personal flotation device? (275)
Ice Rescue
** units or individuals must in every transmission as outlined in the local radio protocols
Identify themselves
Units or individuals must _ in every transmission as outlined in the local radio policy
Identify themselves
Which of the following should be the first determination upon arrival for a suspected cardiac patient?
If a patient is conscious or unconscious
a/an _______ valve is required to be used as the main control valve in all sprinkler systems.
Indicating
Whatt is the purpose of a sprinkler system waterflow alarm? (1202) A. Initiate alarm when water begins to flow. B. Initiate alarm when water flow exceeds rated flow. C. Initiate alarm when water reaches end of sprinkler lines. D. Initiate alarm when water pressure exceeds rated pressure.
Initiate alarm when water begins to flow.
Which fire alarm component sends a signal to the fire alarm control panel? (1180) A. Initiating device B. Notification appliance C. Remote annunciator panel D. Textual notification appliances
Initiating device
A ______ window includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward
Jalousie
Where is the opposed air flow method of smoke control typically used? (1215) A. Areas with existing barriers, such as stairwells with doors or HVAC ductwork with dampers. B. Within the smoke control station, or other areas where the air flow will dilute the concentration of smoke. C. Large spaces where smoke migration is limited by opposed air flow, such as subway and railroad tunnels. D. Large spaces were the smoke can be maintained at a level of 6 to 10 feet (2 m to 3 m) above the highest occupied floor.
Large spaces where smoke migration is limited by opposed air flow, such as subway and railroad tunnels.
Which of the following statements about removing large victims is most accurate?
Large victims are lowered by two rescuers on ladders placed side by side.
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ________________________________ The greater the exposure to heat and/or oxidizer the greater the heat transfer and faster the material will release ignitable gases
Level of Exposure
Which of the following limitations of respiratory protection is caused by fogging in the facepiece? (296)
Limited visibility
Wildland/Urban interface
Line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area
Tenperature
Measure of a materials ability to transfer to transfer heat energy to other objects
What type of fire hose damage occurs when contact with an object or surface causes slices or rips on the exterior covering?
Mechanical damage
What type of fire hose damage occurs when contact with an object or surface causes slices or rips on the exterior covering? (825) A. Organic damage B. Thermal damage C. Chemical damage D. Mechanical damage
Mechanical damage
which of the following organizations that interact with the fire service can be helpful in alerting the public in large-scale evacuations?
Media
Which of the following would be considered protected medical information?
Medical history of a patient
What best describes how to figure out your location during a MAYDAY event?
Momentarily turn off PASS device, listen for clues
Sources of Heat Energy Chemical: _________________________________ source of heat energy in combustion reactions.
Most Common
When tuberculosis is suspected, what type of respirator should be used?
N-95 respirator
Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting
NFPA 1977
NFPA Document that regulates the criteria for design, construction, and performance of rope and rope related equipment
NFPA 1983
Standard on Protective Clothing and Ensembles for Emergency Medical Operations
NFPA 1999
Color of OCFA tag line
Neon Yellow
Rope re-use criteria after inspection
No Abrasion or physical Damage No Exposure to Flame or heat No exposure to chemicals Not subjected to an impact load
Type II (________) Construction is composed of building materials that will not contribute to fire spread, and the fire resistance is generally half of Type I
Noncombustible
When following a hoseline during escape, remember the female coupling is on the ___ side and the male coupling is on the ____?
Nozzle/Water Source
Which of the following equipment is necessary for service testing? (872) A. Hose clamps B. Chaffing blocks C. A hose-washing machine D. Nozzles with shutoff valves
Nozzles with shutoff valves
What best describes the shelter-in-place method of victim removal?
Occupants move to a protected location in structure
67) When conducting a primary search within a structure, a fire fighter should begin:
On a wall.
Solid
One of the three phases of matter; a material that has three dimensions and is firm in substance.
Which of the following BEST describes a single, or straight, ladder?
One section, fixed length, used for quick access to roofs and windows of one- and two-story buildings
Doors may be classified by the way they _______
Operate
Type III (_______) Construction requires that exterior walls and structural members be constructed of noncombustible materials
Ordinary
Only a relatively small amount of energy is required to start the reaction resulting in a larger energy release making ____________________________________________________.
Oxidation an exothermic process
NFPA 1970s
PPE for structural and wildland firefighting and station wear
Tactics dealing with alternative fuel vehicles:
Park apparatus 100 ft. from incident, approach upwind and uphill, approach 45 degree angle, full PPE and SCBA, non sparking tools, no flares, deploy backup line, specific extinguishing agent for fuel or battery type.
Islands
Patches of unburned fuel inside the fires perimeter.
146) When assigned to perform routine maintenance on ground ladders, a fire fighter should do all of the following except:
Perform an extension ladder hardware test.
2) One of the primary functions of the truck/ladder company is:
Performing forcible entry to fire building.
Hydrocarbon fuel
Petroleum based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon
Utilizing the refractory principle of operation is common with the ______ type of smoke detector.
Photoelectric
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: _____________________________ to heat source
Physical Position/Orientation
Vaporization
Physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state
______________________________- The minimum temperature at which a solid fuel will give off sufficient flammable/combustible vapors in air capable of sustained combustion if supplied with an external ignition source.
Piloted ignition Temperature
Which of the following is the BEST way to position a ladder that has been flat-raised parallel to the building?
Pivot the ladder 90 degrees on the beam closest to the building
Most ______ will melt and can contribute to the fuel load within a structure
Plastic
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ______________________________ Atmospheric Pressure- The Pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the surface of a substance. A.P. at sea level is _____________________ A.P. in SLC is Approx. ____________________
Pressure 14.7 12.5
60) What do the stops do on an extension ladder?
Prevent it from over-extending.
Under the Armpit
Proper way to carry a Flat Head Axe
A/An ______ alarm system is used to protect large buildings or complexes in a single location with the alarm signal received at an on-site staffed location
Proprietary
NFPA 1977
Protective Clothing & Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting
Which of the following structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) components must allow enough dexterity and tactile feel to perform the job required? (267)
Protective gloves
How can mechanical damage be prevented?
Provide traffic control to prevent vehicles from driving over hose
How can mechanical damage be prevented? (825) A. Open and close nozzles quickly B. Provide hose clamps to prevent abrasion to hose C. Refrain from cleaning hose until it can be washed at the station D. Provide traffic control to prevent vehicles from driving over hose
Provide traffic control to prevent vehicles from driving over hose
All-Hazard Concept
Provides a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents
Who is a contact person for nonemergency calls
Public information office
Solid fuels release gases through ________________________, which is the chemical decomposition of solids through the action of heat.
Pyrolysis
Which of the following travels between the transmitter and receiver in either analog or digital format
Radio Signal
** internal communications required you to have general knowledge of
Radio systems and how they work
** which of the following types of general knowledge is required for internal communications
Radio systems and how they work
Types of public alerting systems
Radio, wired Telegraph circuit box, telephone fire alarm box, Radio fire alarm box
_____ _____ are generally pitched roofs placed over older flat roofs for esthetic purposes, to prevent leaks, channel moisture off the roof, and as more cost-effective alternative to replacing the roof
Rain roofs
RIT team
Rapid Intervention Team, used to save a trapped/downed firefighter
Which alarm-initiating device is activated by a rise in temperature of 12°F to 15°F (7°C to 8°C) in one minute? (1188) A. Infrared wave detector B. Continuous line detector C. Photoelectric cell detector D. Rate-of-rise heat detector
Rate-of-rise heat detector
Class A Extinguisher Rating
Rating from 1A-40A, 2A can extinguish twice as much as 1-A
Class B Extinguisher Rating
Rating from 1B-640B; Rating is based on approximate square food of flammable liquid fire that a non-expert can extinguish
Exothermic
Reactions that result in the release of energy in the form of heat.
Exposure to weather and physical hazards is a potential disadvantage for what type of SCBA mount? (300)
Rear external mount
Which of the following is most accurate rule to control communication
Receiver must acknowledge every message by repeating essence of the message to sender
Which sprinkler orientation type is installed in a housing within the ceiling and has all or part of the sprinkler (except the threaded shank) in the housing? (1198) A. Flush B. Upright C. Recessed D. Concealed
Recessed
How can age deterioration of fire hose be prevented?
Remove and replace hose loads every six months if not used
108) If large amounts of water need to be removed from areas lacking floor drains, fire fighters may do what to remove the water quickly?
Remove toilets and use the sewer system as a drain.
64) In the fire service, the basic definition of the word "rescue" is:
Removing a victim from a hazardous situation to safety.
Water Hammer
Result of sudden stop of water flow that changes direction of energy in a water system
Which hose lay is used when the pumper must first go to the fire location before laying the supply line? (858) A. Reverse lay B. Forward lay C. Apparatus lay D. Combination lay
Reverse lay
Which type of hose lay is the most expedient if the apparatus must stay at the water source?
Reverse lay
How should hose be stored in hose racks?
Roll hose with the male end inside roll to protect male coupling threads
What is the term for the cross members that extend from one beam to the other and provide a foothold for climbing?
Rungs
These redox reactions can occur very slowly: -________________________ or very quickly -_________________________.
Rust Explosions
Results of Backdraft: Fire/Heat -________________________ capable of breaking glass, damaging/injuring objects and personnel in its path.
Shock Wave
fire Pump Location
Should be housed in a room that is fire resistant or constructed of noncombustible material. The pump room should be located as close as possible to the fire protection system.
Which type of supervising station alarm system is an extension of the municipal alarm circuit into protected property? (1184) A. Shunt system B. Municipal utility C. Proprietary system D. Local energy system
Shunt system
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: ___________________________
Size/Shape
Which of the following is a Radio communication best practice
Speak with a loud control controlled and clear voice
** which of the following is a radio communications best practice
Speak with a loud, controlled, and clear voice
111) The flow of water from an individual sprinkler head can be controlled by using:
Sprinkler wedges or tongs.
Which of the following statements about sprinklers is MOST accurate? (1196) A. Sprinklers on in response to water pressure. B. Sprinklers are fixed spray nozzles opened individually in response to heat. C. Sprinklers are rated according to the flow rate at which they are designed to operate. D. Early-suppression fast-response sprinklers on nearly twice as fast as traditional sprinklers.
Sprinklers are fixed spray nozzles opened individually in response to heat.
Which of the following statements about power sources of smoke detectors/alarms is MOST accurate? (1193) A. Smoke detectors/alarms may be powered only by batteries. B. Hard-wired alarms are more reliable in areas with frequent power failures. C. Smoke detectors/alarms may be powered only by dedicated electrical feeds. D. State, provincial, and !ma( laws may require that smoke detectors/alarms be hard-wired.
State, provincial, and !ma( laws may require that smoke detectors/alarms be hard-wired.
______ pressure is the stored potential energy available to force water through pipe, fitting , fire hose and adapters. The pressure when no water is flowing.
Static
150) Which of the following is not a common load for preconnected attack lines?
Straight load.
62) One of the most useful tools to aid in handling a charged hose line is a hose:
Strap.
Renovations, additions, alterations, age of structure, weather and loads placed on the structure are considered when trying to determine the potential for ______ ______
Structural collapse
Which part of the female threaded coupling is the free-turning ring on which the threads are cut
Swivel
Siamese appliance
Takes two or more hoselines and forms them into one hoseline
What strategy for providing effective fire and life safety messages takes into account factors such as season and recent fire incidents? (1250) A. Positive messages B. Accurate messages C. Targeted messages D. Understandable messages
Targeted messages
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
Term used to identify the legal entity that has the statutory authority to enforce a code
Lower flammable limit (LFL)
That concentration of a combustible material in air below which ignition will not occur; also known as the lower explosive limit (LEL). Mixtures below this limit are said to be "too lean." (NFPA 329)
Pressure Tank Alarms
The alarm system automatically monitor the air-to-water ratio which should always be 1/3rd (air) to 2/3rd (water)
Fire Hose Including Couplings and Nozzles
The care, use and service testing of these components must comply with the standards of NFPA 25, 2002 edition and NFPA 1962, 1998 edition in order to provide safety for users that the components will perform as required.
Pyrolysis
The chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating
29) Which of the following statements regarding the two SCBA types in fire service use is incorrect?
The close-circuit type is commonly used for structural firefighting.
Which of the following statements about typing the extension ladder halyard is MOST accurate?
The halyard should be tied to prevent the fly from slipping.
Reading Smoke Density -The denser the smoke, the _________________________________________.
The higher the concentration of fuel
Which of the following BEST describes a situation where a raised ground ladder may be shifted?
The ladder needs to be moved a short distance to align with a window.
Flame point (fire point)
The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion.
Ignition phase
The phase of fire development in which the fire is limited to the immediate point of origin.
As a fire's fully developed stage progresses, - _______________________________________ continues to increase
The potential for collapse
Smoke velocity
The speed of smoke leaving a burning building.
Which of the following is an advantage of dedicated smoke control systems? (1214) A. The system requires less space for mechanical equipment. B. All system features are exercised during day-to-day operations. C. There is less chance of component failure due to regular use and maintenance. D. The system is less likely to be affected by modification or failures of other building systems.
The system is less likely to be affected by modification or failures of other building systems.
Which of the following statements BEST describes a manual wet standpipe system? (1212) A. The system has a permanently attached water supply. B. The water supply is capable of meeting demand automatically. C. The system is maintained full of water, but has no water supply. D. The water supply enters the system when the dry-pipe valve is activated at the hose station.
The system is maintained full of water, but has no water supply.
Half-duplex system
The transmission radio transmitter on frequency 1, in that signal is received by the repeater. Every peter then repeat the transmission on frequency too, and a signal is received by the receiving radio
What information should be gathered for processing emergency calls
The type of emergency The location of the emergency The number and location of people involved The name and location of the caller The callers call back number The Cross Street, building name, neighborhood, area of city / county, or any nearby landmark
In order for flashover to occur, a few conditions must be present: -_________________________________________________ -As heat from a confined fire rises- Heat energy becomes entrapped by walls and ceilings causing heat to build up. -Heat continues to build and radiate into the surrounding walls and ceilings - Once the walls and ceilings have absorbed all of the heat they possibly can, they begin to ___________________________ back into the space, switching from ___________________________________
Thermal Radiant Feedback Re-Radiate Heat Endo-Thermic to Exothermic
Class II
This system is designed to be used by the occupant of a building. The hose and nozzle are connected to the standpipe. The hose is 1-1/2 inches in diameter.
Dry Standpipe with a Manual Control Valve
This system is supplied by a public water main. Under normal conditions this system has (NO WATER) in the piping. The water is not allowed into the standpipe until a control valve is (MANUALLY) operated. There is no air pressure in the system. A pre-action valve prevents the water from entering the system.
Convection
Transfer of heat energy by movement of heated liquids or gases
Flashover
Transition between growth and fully developed stages
NFPA 1901 lists the minimum quantity of the hose to be carried on a standard pumper or engine.
True
Rotary control valves control both the water flow and the discharge pattern of a fire
True
To prevent water hammer, valves, nozzles, and hydrants should be closed slowly.
True
When advancing hose up and down a stairway, the hose should be uncharged when conditions allow
True
When advancing hose up and down a stairway, the hose should be uncharged when conditions allow.
True
**Common pieces of communication equipment include
Two way radio system for communicating with mobile and portable radios at the emergency scene as well as a base station Radio
** which of the following is a type of communication Center equipment
Two way radio system for communicating with mobile and portable radios at the emergency seen as well as base station radios
What are the types of public alerting system
Two way radio, wired Telegraph circuit boxes, telephone fire alarm boxes, and radio alarm boxes
Which of the following is a type of communication Center equipment
Two-way radio systems
Which of the following statements about tying in is MOST accurate?
Tying in frees personnel who would otherwise be holding the ladder in place.
Any source used to refill SCBA must provide what type of air quality? (307)
Type 1 Grade D
K Tool
Type of Forcible entry tool that works on the rim or cylinder
Static Kernmantle
Type of Rope used in Life safety rescue operations
Subsurface Fuel (Ground cover fuel)
Type of ground cover fuel. Roots, peat, and other partially decomposed organic material that lies under the surface of the ground.
Rated fire doors are identified with a label indicating the door ______, ______ rating, and the identifying logo of the _______ laboratory
Type, hourly, testing
Where might a firefighter find wear due to friction during a routine personal protective equipment (PPE) inspection? (278)
Under arms, in crotch, at knee and elbow joints
Dry Standpipe With No Permanent Water Supply (Manual Standpipe)
Under normal conditions this system has no water in the piping. Water is pumped into the standpipe system by the Fire Department. The water is pumped in through the Fire Department connection. A sign must be attached to each of the hose outlets. It should read "Dry Standpipe for Fire Department Use Only".
Internal communications involve transmissions between incident commander and
Unit at the emergency scene
Which of the following would be the BEST source for information on body substance isolation procedures?
United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
*Internal communications involve transmissions between incident commander and
Units at the emergency scene
What fire behavior can be the result of wind from outside the structure?
Unplanned ventialtion
Upper Flammable Liquid (UFL)
Upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite; above this limit the vapor is too rich to burn and doesn't have enough oxygen
When handling large hoselines, what can the nozzle operator do to reduce fatigue?
Use a hose strap or rope hose tool looped over the shoulder Reduce nozzle flow if conditions allow
** which of the following is a guideline to ensure a message is heard and understood
Use a moderate rate of speaking
Which of the following is a guideline to ensure the messenger is heard and understand
Use a moderate rate of speech
82) A dutchman is:
Used when loading hose and has a short fold or a reverse fold with a coupling at the point where a fold should occur.
How does the exhaust method control smoke? (1215) A. Uses mechanical fans and ventilation to create a pressure difference across a barrier. B. Uses high velocity air aimed at the area of origin to keep smoke from migrating into unaffected areas. C. Uses barriers with sufficient fire endurance to provide protection against the spread of fire and smoke. D. Uses mechanical ventilation and the properties of smoke to collect smoke at the highest point in a large space.
Uses mechanical ventilation and the properties of smoke to collect smoke at the highest point in a large space.
Direct Attack (Structure Fire
Using a solid or straight stream and applying water or foam directly onto burning fuels until the fire is extinguished. Water can also be directed onto the ceiling and walls which slows the pyrolysis process. * Water should not be applied long enough to disrupt thermal layering.
How can organic damage be prevented?
Ventilate all areas where fire hose is kept
How can organic damage be prevented? (827-828) A. Inspect and test hose weekly B. Ventilate all areas where fire hose is kept C. Remove hose immediately whenever mildew is discovered D. Wash and dry hose that has not been unloaded in the past three months
Ventilate all areas where fire hose is kept
Indicators of possible backdraft: Fire in a _______________________________ or ________________________________.
Ventilation Controlled Late Decay Stage
A door that operates _______ is usually provided with some type of counterbalance mechanism
Vertically
Where may ladders be mounted on aerial or quint apparatus?
Vertically, on the left or right side of the apparatus bed
A few characteristics that effect solid fuels ability to generate ignitable gases: _______________________________ The ease with which a substance passes into a gaseous state at a given temperature and pressure. Volatility is determined by: _______________________.
Volatility Flash Point
______ define the perimeter of a building, as well as divide it into compartments or rooms. May be wood/metal siding attached to studs, may also be an assembly of studs with exterior material on the outside and interior covering on inside
Walls
Which of the following is the BEST way to clean a fire service ground ladder?
Wash with a soft bristle brush and running water and use mild soap as needed.
______ can cool steel structural members and stop elongation, which reduces the risk of structural collapse
Water
Which of the following statements BEST describes an automatic dry standpipe system? (1212) A. Water is maintained in the system only to identify leaks. B. Water pressure is maintained in the system at all times. C. Water is admitted to the system upon opening of the hose valve D. Water is admitted to the system when the dry pipe valve is opened at the hose station.
Water is admitted to the system upon opening of the hose valve
Which valve device is similar to a wye, but has an inlet and outlet of matching size combined with smaller outlets that take water from the main line?
Water thief appliance
135) Cold temperatures would have the greatest effect on what extinguishing agents stored in an extinguisher?
Water-Based.
132) Fire extinguisher classification symbols are displayed by all of the following except:
Weight of container.
Removing Debris
What a carry-all is used for
Catching Water
What a catch-all is used for
When conditions in the struture change rapidly, a firefighter should tell others:
What changes are observed
Ok, Allow slack, take up slack, help
What does confined space OATH stand for
Try Before you Pry
What should you do before you force a door or window?
Windward
When cutting a hole on a roof, stand on this side
Butt
When raising a ladder with a one person flat-raise, the ______ is placed against the wall first
Anytime
Where/When does Salvage start
Type V (______ ______) Construction has exterior load bearing walls composed entirely of wood
Wood frame
The main control valve is used to:
b. stop supplying water to the system.
which of the following valves would not be appropriate for use as a water control valve in a sprinkler system?
ball
most common rope hardware
carabiners and pulleys are among the most common types of hardware used in hoisting
Noncompliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (1996)can result in:
civil and criminal penalties.
Iroquois Theatre
claimed to be fireproof, electrical spotlight caught combustibles on fire. Many suffocated could not escape established panic hardware on exit doors to swing outward
NFPA 1400s
deals with proper training programs for firefighters
hypertension
high blood pressure
opening doors or windows is an example of...
natural ventilation
When operating small hoselines with two firefighters, the backup firefighter takes a position ___ behind the nozzle operator.
on the same side of the hose about 3 feet
The _____ method of sprinkler system design is not as precise and uses progressively smaller sizes of pipe to obtain the appropriate pressure and water flow in the system.
pipe schedule
During size-up, a FF should identify a buildings construction type and:
potential for collapse
what is an advantage to using mechanical ventilation?
speeds the removal of contaminants
our lady of the angels school fire
unprotected stairs wells, combustible interior, lack of fire alarm system. schools to conduct fire drills throughout the year
second leading cause of deaths
vehicle accidents
The _____________________, or less pressurized the room, the higher the neutral plane.
Cooler
Which of the following supervising station alarm systems is connected to a municipal fire alarm system? (1184) A. Proprietary system B. Protected premises C. Auxiliary alarm system D. Central station system
Auxiliary alarm system
Smoke explosion
Form of fire gas ignition; the ignition of accumulated flammable products of combustion and air that are within their flammable range
What building componentÕs construction varies depending on its level? A.Wall B.Roof C.Foundation D.Floor/Ceiling
D p.159
The locations of bathrooms and mechanical spaces can be indicated by roof: A.decks. B.supports. C.coverings. D.penetrations and openings.
D p.170
Which of the following BEST describes the cause of the majority of escalator rescues? (547) A. Electrical issues that cause malfunctions B. Mechanical issues that cause malfunctions C. Clothing becoming caught between step treads D. Fingers and toes becoming caught between step treads
D. Fingers and toes becoming caught between step treads
Which of the following BEST describes who should assess the extent of entrapment while assessing the need for extrication? (511) A. Incident Commander B. First firefighter on scene C. Highest ranking officer at the incident D. Firefighter trained in emergency medical care
D. Firefighter trained in emergency medical care
The type of valve which prevents re-circulation or back-flow of water from sprinkler system into the municipal water system is a ________ valve
check
31. Which of the following is NOT an operation performed during overhaul? A. Determining the cause of the fire. B. Recognizing and preserving evidence of arson. C. Searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fire. D. Covering property to protect it from exposure during fire fighting operations.
D
what is a reason for performing tactical ventilation?
reducing potential extreme fire behavior
what weather condition has the most influence on ventilation operations?
wind
142) Composite SCBA cylinders must be hydrostatically tested every:
Three years.
An air compressor is a component unique to deluge and preaction sprinkler systms
false
Fuel Moisture Content
Fuels containing less moisture ignite easier and burn with greater intensity.
26) The proper position of the bypass valve on positive-pressure SCBA under normal conditions is:
Fully closed.
Group
Functional designation in ICS
** which of the following is designed by radio manufacturers to filter out interference
High quality repeater systems
Using air management procedures during and air emergency can help increase:
Time for escape
30 Seconds
Time it takes for a PASS device to activate if the firefighter stops moving
When using the FEMA, what does the mark "X" inidiate
Time of completion
The concept of ignitable gases acting to inert a flammable/combustible environment applies only: _________________________________________.
To Closed Containers
What can the documentation developed during a preincident planning survey be used for? (1256) A. To enhance the department's public image B. To become familiar with structures in the district C. To improve on tactics that have been unsuccessful in the past D. To identify code violations that fines should be assessed for
To become familiar with structures in the district
Mitigate
To make less harsh or intense; to alleviate
147) It is permissible to use paint on a fire department ladder:
To mark the ladders ends for visibility.
A tool
Type of forcible entry tool that works on just the cylinder
Computer-Based Electronic System
an accountability system using radio-based or radar-based transmitters attached to PPE
SCBA tag system
an accountability system using tags on the SCBA to identify those wearing an SCBA
Passport Board
an accountability system using tags or labels to identify who is in the hot and hazard zones
line functions
personnel who provide emergency services to external customers (the public)
synthetic fibers
polypropylene,polyester,polysteel,and kevlar.used to construct both life safety and utility ropes while natural fibers are only permitted for utility ropes.
Heeling and tying in are two methods of:
preventing movement of the ladder away from the building.
rope maintenance
properly inspected, cleaned,stored, and cared for, and a log must be kept that records its use and maintenance history.
When performing chest compressions for adults, perform at least:
100 compressions per minute.
When performing chest compressions for children, perform at least:
100 compressions per minute.
When performing chest compressions for infants, perform at least:
100 compressions per minute.
What is the smallest hose line to be chosen for interior fires?
1 - 1/2"
measurement of collapse zone
1 1/2 times the height of the building or greater
Vehicle Incident Size Up:
1) Establish scene safety, divert traffic, following DOT guidelines. 2) Determine if victims require extrication - at the same time determine if vehicle is on fire and what extinguishing agent is needed. 3) Before attacking, isolate the vehicle from any additional fuel sources.
Steel structural members begin to elongate as much as 4" when heated from room temperature to about ______ degrees. If the steel is restrained from movement at the ends, it will buckle and fail in the middle
1000 degrees
32) Oxygen deficient atmospheres are those having less than how much oxygen in the air?
19.5 percent.
Suction hose is manufactured in minimum lengths specified in NFPA®: (818) A. 1001. B. 1520. C. 1901. D. 1962.
1901
Manufactured homes built before _____ have less fire resistance than those of current construction
1976
Which NFPA® standard outlines the specifications for wildland personal protective clothing? (270)
1977
Pressure treating wood weakens the wood's load-carrying ability by as much as ___%
25%
Most hose-washing machines wash almost any size hose up to: (832) A. 2 inches (50 mm). B. 21/2 inches (65 mm). C. 3 inches (77 mm). D. 31/2 inches (90 mm).
3 inches (77 mm)
What is tied tot the end of a wide area search tether?
3/4" steel ring
Standard three-way fire hydrants require a ______ inch (mm) valve opening.
5 (125)
Unprotected engineered steel and wooden trusses can fail after __-__ mins of exposure to fire
5-10
143) Steel and aluminum cylinders for breathing apparatus should be hydrostatically tested after each what year period?
5.
In order for flashover to occur, a few conditions must be present: Ceiling Temperature within the compartment must reach __________________________.
500-600 Degrees C
Variables of all Fuels: Home Sizes Have Changed -Since the 1970's the average single-family dwelling in this country has: Increased in size by nearly ______________________.
56%
Backdraft
A phenomenon that occurs when a fire takes place in a confined area, such as a sealed aircraft fuselage, and burns undetected until most of the oxygen within is consumed. The heat continues to produce flammable gases, mostly in the form of carbon monoxide. These gases are heated above their ignition temperature and when a supply of oxygen is introduced, as when normal entry points are opened, the gases could ignite with explosive force. (NFPA 402)
Ceiling jet
A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that develops under a horizontal surface as a result of plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move
Standard
A set of principles, protocols, or procedures that explain how to do something or provide a set of minimum standards to be followed
Compartment
A space completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. The compartment enclosure is permitted to have openings in walls to an adjoining space if the openings have a minimum lintel depth of 8 inches (203 mm) from the ceiling and the openings do not exceed 8 feet (2.44 m) in width. A single opening of 36 inches (914 mm) or less in width without a lintel is permitted when there are no other openings to adjoining spaces. (NFPA 13)
Hypoxia
A state of inadequate oxygenation of the blood and tissue sufficient to cause impairment of function. (NFPA 99B)
How are remote receiving systems connected to the emergencyservices telecommunications center? (1184) A. A runner service B. Dedicated system wiring C. The municipal alarm box system D. A telephone line or dedicated radio frequency
A telephone line or dedicated radio frequency
Which of the following BEST describes what may occur if there are openings in the center of cribbing that supports a lifting bag? (498) A. The bag may shift or rupture B. The bag will create an anchor point C. The bag may lose stability and lifting power D. The bag will pry the object away from the victim
A. The bag may shift or rupture
When responding to electrical rescue operations, always assume that electrical lines or equipment are: (548) A. energized B. de-energized C. safe to work with immediately D. safe to work with after five minutes
A. energized
If an elevator is equipped with a ___ it will return to the ground floor by inserting a key into the control panel. (546) A. recall system B. fire safety system C. hand crank system D. communication system
A. recall system
Hydraulic elevator operating systems are used in structures less than ___ stories high. (546) A. six B. eight C. ten D. twelve
A. six
Interoperability
Ability of two or more systems to exchange information
Density It affects matter's ability to ______________________________________________ heat.
Absorb Transfer Release
Which of the following statements about dry-pipe sprinkler systems is MOST accurate? (1205) A. Dry-pipe systems require pressurized air or nitrogen to hold dry-pipe valves on. B. A disadvantage of dry-pipe systems is that they do not signal an alarm when discharged. C. Normally, the air-pressure gauge and water-pressure gauge should show the same pressure reading. x D. Accelerators and exhausters are quick-opening devices that allow air to exit and water to enter the pipes quickly.
Accelerators and exhausters are quick-opening devices that allow air to exit and water to enter the pipes quickly.
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
What strategy for providing effective fire and life safety messages requires the use of developed resources? (1249) A. Positive messages B. Accurate messages C. Targeted messages D. Understandable messages
Accurate messages
Which of the following actions should a firefighter immediately take after transmitting a MAYDAY report?
Activate PASS device
91) The term vapor density refers to the weight of a gas as compared to the weight of:
Air.
Which of the following respiratory hazards can be protected against using high-efficiency particulate (HEPA) filters? (287)
Airborne pathogens
Which of the following is the manner in which the majority of patients will be assessed?
Airway, breathing, and circulation
A fully developed fire that is confined or that stays compartmentalized will transition into the decay phase through one of three routes: -___________________________________________________ -The amount of available _________________________________________________ -___________________________________and transferred out through the structure
All available Fuel is Consumed Oxidizer falls below sustainable levels Heat Balance is lost
The basis for selecting the operating temperature of a sprinkler head is the ______
Ambient ceiling temperature
Volume
Amount of fuel present influences the fires intensity and amount of water needed for extinguishment.
BTU
Amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit
Liquid
Any material that (1) has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt when tested in accordance with ASTM D 5, Standard Method of Test for Penetration of Bituminous Materials , or (2) is a viscous substance for which a specific melting point cannot be determined but that is determined to be a liquid in accordance with ASTM D 4359, Standard Test for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid. (NFPA 30)
The design of an ______ roof depends primarily on the exterior walls to support the weight of the roof
Arched
The type of building construction used in a structure is determined by the _______, ______ _____, or _______
Architect, structural engineer, or contractor
Gravity Tank....
Are used as a primary or secondary water supply source for standpipe system. A gravity tank shall be at least 25 feet above the highest standpipe hose outlet that it supplies. 0.433psi
Black
Area in which the fire has consumed the fuels. Can be a safe area during a fire depending on smoke and heat conditions.
Which type of external bleeding is bright red in color due to the large amount of oxygen it contains?
Arterial
Which of the following is a nonemergency exit indicator? (313)
Assignment completed
What type of hose transports water or other agents, at increased pressure, from a pump-equipped apparatus to a nozzle?
Attack hose
11. How should household furnishings be grouped when arranging for salvage? A. By a doorway or exit. B. In he center of the room. C. Line on the edges of the room. D. In an X-shaped pattern at one end of the room.
B
16. Which of the following statements about synthetic salvage covers is MOST accurate? A. Synthetic salvage covers require more maintenance than canvas salvage covers. B. Synthetic salvage covers require less maintenance than canvas salvage covers. C. Synthetic and canvas salvage covers have the same maintenance requirements. D. Synthetic salvage covers initially have more maintenance but over time require less maintenance than canvas salvage covers.
B
17. What should be done with salvage covers if they are found to have holes? A. They should be discarded. B. They should be repaired. C. They should be used only for training purposes. D. They should be used only on less valuable contents.
B
18. Where should salvage equipment be located for conducting salvage operations at a fire? A. In the fire station. B. In a readily accessible area on the apparatus. C. In a readily accessible area at the Command Post. D. In the vehicle driven by the fire investigator.
B
26. Which of the following is the most common method for two firefighters to deploy a large salvage cover? A. Tent throw B. Balloon throw C. Circus spread D. Flat roll and carry
B
27. Water chutes may be constructed to drain runoff through windows or doors on the: A. Same floor as fire fighting operations. B. Floor below fire fighting operations. C. Floor above fire fighting operations. D. Adjacent floor to fire fighting operations.
B
29. When objects are too large to be covered by a single cover it will be necessary to: A. Find a larger cover. B. Splice covers with water-tight joints. C. Use two covers and overlap the ends. D. Allow part of the object to remain exposed.
B
What type of roof is used to prevent ice damming? A.Rain roof B.Cold roof C.Green roof D.Photovoltaic (Solar) roof
B p.171
Respiratory
Body system that is most susceptible to toxins
____________________ The temperature at which the vapor pressure of liquid _________________ atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point Exceeds
93) The acronym BLEVE stand for:
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion.
This type of rope construction consists of a braided core enclosed in a braided, herringbone-pattern sheath
Braid-On-Braid
Which of the following are highly resistant to corrosion?
Brass couplings
Isolation and control valves are usually constructed of:
Brass.
Upper layer
Buoyant layer of hot gases and smoke produced by a fire in a compartment
A common obstacle to efficient salvage operations in commercial occupancies and warehouses is a lack of: A. Stock in cardboard boxes. B. Floor drains. C. Skids or pallets under stock. D. All of the above.
C
Which of the following BEST describes the goal of stabilizing the vehicle? (513) A. To assess the extent of entrapment B. To prevent further damage to the vehicle C. To prevent the vehicle from moving unexpectedly D. To determine extrication tasks that may be required
C. To prevent the vehicle from moving unexpectedly
Hose Clamp
Can be used to stop the flow of water in a hose line
114) One limitation of backpack water vacuums is that they:
Cannot be worn with SCBA.
Local terrain features
Canyons, ridges, ravines, rock outcroppings - alter air flow and cause erratic fire behavior.
What two respiratory hazards are responsible for the majority of fire-related fatalities? (285)
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide
Which type of shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood?
Cardiogenic shock
30) What is the first step a fire fighter should perform before donning the SCBA?
Check the air supply of the SCBA unit.
Offensive Attack
Deploying resources for interior operations to accomplish incident priorities.
15) Life-safety rope should be stored in:
Coils or in rope bags.
133) What injury could occur by placing your hand on the horn of a CO2 extinguisher while discharging it?
Cold can freeze the skin.
A _____ _____ system is a type of installation generally found in cold, snowy climates to prevent ice damming and icicle formation at eaves
Cold roof
What sensory clue indicates both the type of fuel and phase of a fire?
Color of smoke
Hydrogen Cyanide
Colorless, toxic, and flammable liquid until it reaches 79F. Above that, becomes a gas with a faint odor like bitter almonds; produced by the combustion of nitrogen bearing substances
Which type of ladder is designed to be used as a self-supporting stepladder and as a single or extension ladder?
Combination ladder
For which type of hose lay must hose be loaded into the hose bed in two separate hose bed compartments? (861) A. Reverse lay B. Forward lay C. Apparatus lay D. Combination lay
Combination lay
Split lay
Combination of Forward/reverse lay
The reaction that we understand to be fire, is actually a __________________________ reliant upon countless variables.
Complex Chemical Process
Forms of Heat Transfer -As long as a temperature differential exists between two objects, heat transfer will occur. -Heat (energy) will flow from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration in an attempt to balance itself out. - This transfer will occur in several ways: _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
Conduction Convection Radiation
43. Which of the following is the MOST effective way to extinguish larger furnishings, such as mattresses and stuffed furniture? A. Dump buckets of water on them. B. Throw salvage covers on top of them. C. Submerge entire objects in containers of water. D. Remove them to the outside where they can be thoroughly extinguished.
D
44. The use of wetting agents such as Class A foam: A. Should not be used during overhaul. B. Can cause re-ignition of hidden fires. C. Can be used during overhaul but not on upholstery. D. Use hand-held portable extinguishers on them.
D
6. Salvage starts as soon as adequate personnel are available and: A. May not be started until the fire is considered extinguished. B. May not be started until fire cause has been determined. C. May be done until the fire scene investigator authorizes it. D. May be done simultaneously with fire attack if resources permit.
D
According to the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) heavy timber construction avoids: A.having open crawl spaces. B.using flame-retardant materials. C.using noncombustible materials. D.concealed spaces under floors and roofs.
D p.151
What occupancy type contains multiple occupancy or use groups? A.Type I B.Type III C.Single-use D.Separated use
D p.152
Which of the following BEST describes the role of a Firefighter II at a technical rescue incident? (531) A. Replace technical rescue team members if needed B. Perform tasks identical to those of rescue team members C. Observe the incident and provide assistance in the cold zone D. Assist technical rescuers with tasks related to specific incidents
D. Assist technical rescuers with tasks related to specific incidents
Which of the following passenger safety systems can deploy at up to 200 mph (322 km/h), generating potentially lethal force? (520) A. Seat belt pretensioners B. Head protection systems C. Extendable roll over protection systems D. Supplemental passenger restraining systems
D. Supplemental passenger restraining systems
Which of the following BEST describes where safety glass is commonly used in vehicle windows? (524) A. Mirrors B. Side windows C. Windshields and side windows D. Windshields and rear windows
D. Windshields and rear windows
Which of the following statements BEST describes standpipe and hose systems? (1210) A. Standpipe systems may not be effective on small fires in their early stages. B. Standpipe systems normally discharge water outside of the protected building. C. Design and installation of standpipe systems and hose stations are described in NFPA® 13 and NFPA® 14. D. Standpipe system components commonly include a control panel, alarm actuator, cross mains, and an inspector's test valve.
Design and installation of standpipe systems and hose stations are described in NFPA® 13 and NFPA® 14.
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE)? (259-261)
Designed to minimize risk of injury or fatality
5Which of the following BEST describes deluge sprinkler systems? (1205) A. Use extinguishing agent other than water for use in specific occupancies B. Contain air or nitrogen under pressure, air escapes when sprinkler system is initiated C. Contain water under pressure, two gauges read pressure above and below activation valve D. Designed with open-head sprinklers to quickly supply a large volume of water to the protected area
Designed with open-head sprinklers to quickly supply a large volume of water to the protected area
Which of the following can be performed for further educational opportunity once hazards have been identified in a private dwelling fire safety survey? (1243) A.Critique exit plan and note flaws B.Explain fines from code violations C.Create new updated preincident planning report D.Determine effective escape routes from that home
Determine effective escape routes from that home
Which of the following is used to describe hose size
Diameter
Which of the following is used to describe hose size? (818) A. Width B. Length C. Pressure D. Diameter
Diameter
Which of the following is the first and most commonly used method to control external bleeding?
Direct pressure
Undercarriage fires:
Direct straight stream from a distance to reach under vehicle. Direct stream off hard surface to deflect up toward the underside of vehicle. Open hood and direct stream through engine compartment.
Which of the following statements about inspecting ladder elements is MOST accurate?
Discoloration of fiberglass ladders could indicate heat exposure.
Which of the following is a guideline firefighters should use when preparing for a fire and life safety presentation? (1247) A. Do not allow audience members time to ask questions B.Discuss the presentation with other members of the crew C. Read only materials readily available, there is no need to find supplemental information D. Prepare stories to tell at frequent intervals, even if that means the presentation is longer than agreed upon
Discuss the presentation with other members of the crew
** assigned units should confirm receipt of dispatch information according to local protocol after
Dispatch transmission
Which of the following best describes action first taken after alert to the station
Dispatching of emergency service responder
What should be done with gloves soiled with blood or other body fluids?
Disposed of in a sealed container
Variables of Radiation _______________________________- The greater the distance, the less effective the transfer of heat energy becomes. -2x the distance = 1/4 the exposure rate -1/2 the distance = 4x the exposure rate
Distance
What conditions noted during a preincident planning survey will impact apparatus response and positioning? (1257) A. Distance from the street to the building B. Distance from front to rear entrance C. Property accessibility from the front and rear only D. Barriers to communication with building occupants
Distance from the street to the building
A _____-_____ window has two sashes that can move past each other in a vertical plane
Double-hung
Which of the following statements about ladder materials is MOST accurate?
Fiberglass ladders can suddenly crack and fall if overloaded.
Aerial Fuels (Ground cover fuel)
Fuel physically separated from the grounds surface to the extent that air can circulate freely between them and the ground. I.E.: limbs, leaves, branches, hanging moss.
Fire tetrahedron
Fuel, heat, oxygen, and self-sustaining chemical chain reaction
__________________________-A chemical reaction that releases more heat energy that it uses. (net gain)
Exothermic
Which of the following is an example of chemical damage?
Exposure to motor oil and gasoline
Which of the following is an example of chemical damage? (828) A. Buildup of mold and mildew B. Corrosion of metal couplings C. Exposure to extreme heat or cold D. Exposure to motor oil and gasoline
Exposure to motor oil and gasoline
Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Extinguishers suitable for class A, B, or C fires
Stored Pressure Water Extinguishers
Extinguishers that have stored Air and Water combined to put out Class A fires
Dry Powder Extinguishers
Extinguishing Agent suitable for use on combustible metal fires
Chemical flame inhibition
Extinguishing a fire by interruption of the chemical chain reaction
Combination Attack
Extinguishing a fire by using both a direct and indirect attack. Combines the steam generating technique of a ceiling level attack with an attack on burning materials near floor level. Move the nozzle from the area overhead to the floor in Z, inverted T, or rotational manner.
In the rapid intervention crew, acronym AWARE the E stands for:
Extrication
**Who regulates all radio communications in the United States
FCC, the Federal Communications Commission
Soot can reduce visibility on what piece of protective breathing apparatus? (305)
Facepiece
_____-_____ homes are exempt from local building codes
Factory-built
True/False The terms heat and temperature are synonymous.
False
Which of the following statements about fire department connections is MOST accurate? (1203) A. Fire department connects should be supplied from pumpers with a capacity of 100 gpm (400 L/min) or greater. B. Fire department preincident plans may identify the pressure at which the sprinkler system will be supported by pumpers. C. Fire department pumpers supplying connects should connect to hydrants on the same main as the sprinkler system supply. D. Fire department connect check valves allow sprinkler system water to flow freely back through the fire department connect.
Fire department preincident plans may identify the pressure at which the sprinkler system will be supported by pumpers.
The two primary types of dangerous conditions posed by a particular building are: Conditions that contribute to _____ _____ and make the building susceptible to ________
Fire spread, collapse
Type I (_____ _____) Construction requires structural members to resist fire for a period of ___-___ hours depending on the component. Highest level of protection
Fire-Resistive, 3-4 hours
Which of the following statements about fire-gas detectors is MOST accurate? (1194) A. Fire-gas detectors are also called visible products-of-combustion detectors. B. Fire-gas detectors initiate alarm signals faster than any other type of detector. C. Fire-gas detectors can be designed to be sensitive to only gases produced by hostile fires. D. For general detection, fire-gas detectors monitor levels of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide in the air.
Fire-gas detectors can be designed to be sensitive to only gases produced by hostile fires.
Class D Fires
Fires involving combustible metals such as lithium and magnesium
Class B Fires
Fires that involve Involve Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases such as Gasoline
Class A Fires
Fires that involve Ordinary Combustibles such as paper, plastics, rubber, and wood
Check victims for injuries
First thing to do on the scene of an accident
Polar solvents
Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite but not sustain combustion?
Flash Point
It the fire/compartment cannot be/is not cooled, the fireground phenomenon ___________________________ will occur
Flashover
_____ roofs are commonly found on commercial, industrial, multifamily residential, and some single-family residences. Frequently penetrated by chimneys, vent pipes, shafts, scuttles, and skylights
Flat
_____ and _____ form the top and bottom of a compartment with the walls forming the sides
Floors and ceilings
Smoke is ___________________ - Evolved to a ______________________________ as a result of incomplete combustion. - Often ___________________________ to or above its auto-ignition temperature
Fuel Gaseous State Pre-Heated
_____ is the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipe, fitting, fire hose, and adapters caused by water turbulence and roughness of interior surface of hose or pipe.
Friction loss
Ignition Requires - A source of ________________ either in an immediately ignitable state or one capable of converting to this state with available heat.
Fuel
Continuity
Fuels close together spread faster because of heat transfer.
An impending flashover will present with: Isolated flames traveling in the hot gas layer (____________________) or increasing concentration of ______________________.
Ghosting Rollover
A ______ ______ involves the use of the roof surface of a building for a rooftop garden
Green roof
89) Which stage of fire releases the maximum amount of heat for available fuel and produces large volumes of fire gases?
Growth.
Match Questions
Guide to decision making in an organization-Policy Set of principles developed through consensus-Standard Detailed plan step-by-step action -Procedure for conducting policy Collection of rules enacted by law-Code in a particular jurisdiction
_______ has a high water content that absorbs a great deal of heat as the moisture evaporates. If it has failed, the structural members behind it will be subjected to higher temperatures and fail as a result
Gypsum
Which communicable disease, spread through contact with infected body fluids, weakens the immune system until the body is unable to fight off diseases?
HIV/AIDS
what do modern buildings have built in that can contribute to the spread of smoke and toxic gases throughout a structure?
HVAC systems
Which of the following is a repeater system that uses two Radio frequencies for communication
Half-duplex
Panic hardware
Hardware mounted on exit doors in public buildings that unlock from the inside
The critical temperature of steel is 1000 degrees, which can easily be reached at ceiling level from rising _____ and ______
Heat and smoke
Type IV (_____ _____) is characterized by the use of large-dimensioned lumber. As a general rule, structural members will be greater than ___" in dimension with a fire resistance rating of ___ hours
Heavy timber, 8", 2 hours
In a typical water tower, the most significant factor that determines the pressure exerted at its base is the _____ of the water tower
Height
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) is intended for use in combination with a primary form of eye protection? (265)
Helmet-mounted faceshields
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) prevents scalding water and embers from reaching the ears and neck? (264)
Helmets
Which communicable disease is an inflammation of the liver and has symptoms including a viral-like illness and yellowish discoloration of eyes and skin?
Hepatitis
What type of viral hepatitis is typically caused by consuming food or water that has been contaminated, particularly by fecal matter?
Hepatitis A
Vaccines are available for which types of hepatitis?
Hepatitis A and B
What type of viral hepatitis is typically transmitted through blood and other body fluids and can be short-term or long-term?
Hepatitis B
What type of viral hepatitis is an uncommon rare strain of hepatitis?
Hepatitis D
Which of the following is designed by radio manufacturers to flitter out interference
High-quality repeater system
96) Smoke and heat collects at a structure starting from the:
Highest point.
A ______ ______ window has two or more sashes of which at least one moves horizontally within the window frame
Horizontal sliding
Which of the following tools is required when extending a section of hose? (871) A. Hose ramp B. Hose clamp C. Hydrant wrench D. Hydrant appliance
Hose clamp
Which hose tool can be installed when a hoseline ruptures but must remain charged to continue the fire attack?
Hose jacket
Which hose tool can be installed when a hoseline ruptures but must remain charged to continue the fire attack? (840) A. Hose roller B. Hose clamp C. Hose jacket D. Rubber mallet
Hose jacket
Which method of providing ambulance services involves patients being transported to a contracted hospital for treatment?
Hospital-based EMS
The ___________________, and more pressurized the room, the lower the neutral plane.
Hotter
Which of the following types of general knowledge is required for internal communication
How a radio system works
20 feet
How many feet should a hose clamp be placed behind the apparatus
5 Feet
How many feet should a hose clamp be placed behind the nearest coupling
3 years
How often Composite SCBA cylinders should be tested
Wet Barrel Hydrant
Hydrants that are filled with water so that they will not freeze
Which type of shock is caused by blood loss?
Hypovolemic shock
A fire in its growth stage will present with: - _______________________________ - Condensation seen during the incipient stage will be replaced with ________________________________ and/or __________________________ near the fire. -Increased smoke and gas production due to ________________________
Increased Compartmental Heat Brownish Black Stain Cracks in upper panes of glass Incomplete Combustion
The speed at which water absorbs heat________ in relation to an increase in the surface area of the water exposed to the heat
Increases proportionally `
The first phase of fire development is: - _____________________________ - The process of initiating self-sustaining combustion.
Ignition
Variables of Gaseous Fuels Gaseous fuels DO NOT REQUIRE Vaporization of pyrolysis to support combustion only an ______________________________ and a proper mixture of an __________________________ is needed
Ignition Source Oxidizer
Backdraft Sequence of events: -______________________________ of oxygen to the confined fire space.
Improper Reintroduction
95) From a life safety point of view, the advantage(s) of proper ventilation for building occupants is/are that it:
Improves visibility and reduces the danger of backdraft explosions.
Which of the following statements about standpipe and hose systems is MOST accurate? (1209) A. Standpipe and hose systems can take the place of sprinkler systems, or lessen the need for sprinklers. B. Standpipe systems give no advantage in one-story structures, and are rarely installed in these structures. C. In many high-rise buildings, a standpipe is the primary means for manual extinguishment and overhaul of a fire. D. Standpipe systems are designed only for use by building occupants, they do not serve the needs of firefighters.
In many high-rise buildings, a standpipe is the primary means for manual extinguishment and overhaul of a fire.
Which of the following statements about smoke detectors is MOST accurate? (1190) A. Smoke detectors initiate an alarm much slower than heat detectors. B. In most cases, smoke detectors are installed in nonresidential and large multi-family occupancies. C. Smoke detectors are self-contained units capable of both detecting smoke and sounding an alarm. D. Typically, smoke detectors are installed in single-family residences and smaller multi-family occupancies.
In most cases, smoke detectors are installed in nonresidential and large multi-family occupancies.
Where might booster hose reels be mounted on the apparatus? (855) A. In the cab B. On the rear bumper C. In rear compartments D. Below the pump panel
In rear compartments
90) Which of the following is the first stage/phase of fire?
Incipient/ignition.
36) The purpose for the use of reflective trim on PPE is to:
Increase the visibility of the wearer to others.
Which of the following describes the BEST placement of a ladder to be used for entry or rescue from a window?
Ladder tip slightly below sill, or wedged under sill lip
How should fire hose couplings be cared for?
Inspect gaskets and replace if cracked or creased
How should fire hose couplings be cared for? (834-835) A. Inspect gaskets and replace if cracked or creased B. Remove couplings when washing and drying hose C. Clean threads with a solution of vinegar and baking soda D. Ensure that vehicles only drive over hose when absolutely necessary
Inspect gaskets and replace if cracked or creased
Proper ______ and ______ ______ prior to an incident is the most effective defense against heavy fuel loading hazards
Inspection and code enforcement
Which sprinkler system operating valve is equipped with the same size orifice as a sprinkler and is used to simulate the actuation of one sprinkler? (1201) A. Alarm test valve B. Main drain valve C. Main control valve D. Inspector's test valve
Inspector's test valve
An impending flashover will present with: -______________________________________ Inside the compartment with visible off-gassing of uninvolved objects.
Intense Heat
An impending flashover will present with: -_________________________________________ exiting through openings in the container.
Intense Turbulent Smoke
Oxidation Variables _____________________________-The greater the exposed surface are, the greater the number of simultaneous redox reactions
Interface Area
It is rare for a Type V building to collapse outward, but it is dangerous for firefighters on the ______ of the structure
Interior
Baffle
Intermediate partial bulkhead that reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded liquid tank
Which communication category is defined as a messages transmit within the fire department
Internal communication
Horizontal Ventilation
Involves venting through wall openings such as windows and doors. May be useful in single story structures when fire has not involved the attic or if the roof has been weakened, or multistory structures when fire is below the top floor.
A small amount of radioactive material (americium) is used in the _____ smoke detector
Ionization
Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of a private dwelling fire safety survey? (1243) A. It allows firefighters access to locations otherwise closed to them. B. It allows firefighters to identify code enforcement issues to address. C. It allows citizens to ask questions about local permit requirements. D. It allows citizens to feel the department is really concerned about their welfare.
It allows citizens to feel the department is really concerned about their welfare.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the horseshoe load? (849) A. It does not work for large-diameter hose B. Hose is loaded flat, which can result in wear C. Often not enough hose is deployed when pulling from bed D. Three people are required to make shoulder folds for carrying
It does not work for large-diameter hose
Which of the following statements about ladder inspection is MOST accurate?
Ladders that cannot be repaired must be destoyed or scraped for parts.
Which of the following BEST describes an opportunity offered by a fire station tour? (1254) A. It is a chance to request private donations. B. It is a chance to discuss local permit procedures. C. It is a chance to provide fire and life safety messages. D. It is a chance to introduce station mascots to the public.
It is a chance to provide fire and life safety messages.
78) A hose what is used to seal small cuts or breaks that may occur in fire hose or to connect mismatched or damaged couplings of the same size to stop leaking is a what?
Jacket.
Which of the following statements about ladder climbing position is the MOST accurate?
Keep arms straight (horizontal) during the climb.
Which type of rope construction (laid, braided, Braid-on-braid, Kernmantle) may be utilized as life safety rope?
Kernmantle *ONLY*
7) A what permits fire fighters to gain access during an emergency?
Key box/Lock box.
What method of organizing a message begins with information familiar to the audience before moving to unfamiliar information? (1251) A. Step-by-step B. Whole-part-whole C. Simple-to-complex D. Known-to-unknown
Known-to-unknown
Rollover is the ________________________________ an area if an effective hose stream is not in place and operating.
Last Sign to Leave
The quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor is explained by______.
Latent heat of vaporization
Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have a legitimate need to access a patient's protected medical information without patient consent?
Law enforcement personnel
Fuels with an FP _______________________ are classified as flammable.
Less than 100 Degrees F
Standard of care
Level of care that all persons should receive
2 main Categories of fire service rope
Life Safety (LifeLine) Utility Rope
______ ______ and ______ _______ systems are manufactured from smaller pieces of wood or light gauge steel to form trusses that weigh less than traditional systems
Lightweight construction and trussed support systems
A ______ ______ ______ is a structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a 90 degree andle with flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom. Will fail much more quickly than a large, heavy I-Beam
Lightweight steel truss
Combustible liquid
Liquid having a flash point at or above 100F and below 200F
19) Before transmitting any information over the fire department radio, a fire fighter should:
Listen to be sure the channel is not being used.
A fire in its incipient stage present with: -initially _________________________________________. -This is due to products of combustion (P.O.C.) into the surrounding area. - Heated gases rise and mix with and/or _______________________.
Little if any Smoke Displace Cooler Gases
Finger
Long narrow strips of fire extending from the main fire. Occur when fire burns into areas that have both light and heavy fuel patches. Fingers can form new heads.
Lower Flammable Limit (LFP)
Lower limit at which a flammable vapor will ignite and support combustion; below this limit the vapor is too lean to burn because it lacks the proper amount of fuel
Which of the following BEST describes a teaching style based on the learning styles of young children? (1253) A. Children only learn through repeating words. B. Children need explicit stories to learn any message. C. Make sure children show you how to perform a skill, not just tell you. D. Make sure children are only required to listen to the message, using more senses is confusing.
Make sure children show you how to perform a skill, not just tell you.
NFPA 1931 requires which of the following markings on fire service ladders?
Manufacturer's name plate
_______ includes bricks, stones, and concrete blocks, and is minimally effected by fire and exposure to high temperatures
Masonry
No personnel or apparatus should be in the collapse zone except to cautiously place unstaffed ______ ______ devices and then immediately withdraw
Master stream
Reading Smoke Color - The color of smoke can give indication as to: - What _________________________________ is burning -......................... - What _________________________________ the fire is in -......................... - ___________________ smoke has traveled from its source. -..........................
Material Stage Distance
Passive agent
Materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion process
Miscible
Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions
Which of the following BEST describes an advantage of trussed ladder design?
Maximizes strength while reducing weight
Which of the following BEST describes why personal protective equipment (PPE) should never be altered? (262)
May void manufacturer's warranty and endanger lives
Flash point
Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquid's surface
When deploying preconnected hose lines, which load should result in the hoseline deploying with fewer kinks and bends?
Minuteman load
When deploying preconnected hoselines, which load should result in the hoseline deploying with fewer kinks and bends?
Minuteman load
Which preconnected hose load deploys from the shoulder as the firefighter advances toward the fire, and is particularly well-suited for narrow hose beds?
Minuteman load
Which preconnected hose load deploys from the shoulder as the firefighter advances toward the fire, and is particularly well-suited for narrow hose beds? (854) A. Triple layer load B. Minuteman load C. Combination load D. Preconnected flat Toad
Minuteman load
Which preconnected hoseline deploys by unfolding from the top of the stack carried on the shoulder as the firefighter advances toward the fire?
Minuteman load
Piloted ignitipn
Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion readtion
If a firefighter becomes entangled, it is easier to move back the way the firefighter came than to
Move forward
Variables of Convection -Mechanism - There are two distinct mechanisms of convective heat transfer - _____________________________________ - Velocity of flowing gas is controlled by ___________. 1. The greater the temperature differential, the higher the velocity of flowing gas - ____________________________________ - The velocity of gas is _______________________________. 1. The increase in velocity causes an increase in heat transfer rates.
Natural Buoyancy-induced Flows Forced Artificially Imposed (fan, wind, fire stream)
Salvage Cover
Necessary to build a catch all or water chute
Can natural fiber rope be used as Life Safety Rope?
No. it is rarely used in the fire service.
Fireproof
Obsolete term for resistance to fire
Which rate-of-rise detector uses self-contained pneumatic sensors to monitor specific locations? (1189) A. Waterflow alarm detector B. Rate-compensated heat detector C. Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector D. Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector
Which key air management principle can be based on the lowest cylinder gauge reading of a team member?
Point of no return
Which of the following is a common cause of residential fires? (1242) A. Properly used candles B. Extension cords used correctly C. Poor housekeeping and hoarding D. Well maintained electrical appliances
Poor housekeeping and hoarding
General Staff
Operations, Finance/Administration, Planning and logistics
Head
Opposite side of fire from are of origin. Burns intensely, usually causing the most damage.
112) Sprinkler heads rated for the Ultra High temperature classification are color coded:
Orange.
Type III Construction
Ordinary Construction (Example building with stone on the outside)
What type of fire hose damage can weaken the jacket which can lead to ruptures under pressure?
Organic damage
What type of fire hose damage can weaken the jacket which can lead to ruptures under pressure? (827) A. Organic damage B. Thermal damage C. Chemical damage D. Mechanical damage
Organic damage
_______________________-A reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction.
Oxidizer
Variables that effect a fully developed fire: - Access to _______________________ -It's supply of _______________________ -___________________
Oxygen Fuel Heat
A firefighter experiencing light-headedness, disorientation, and rapid fatigue most likely has: (314)
Oxygen Deficiency
137) The acronym for the four-step process for proper use of fire extinguishers is:
PASS
116) Tenders combined with what can efficiently provide large volumes of water to a fireground operation?
Portable water tanks.
Which of the following safety guidelines should be followed when advancing hose into a structure?
Position the nozzle operator and members of the hose team on the same side of the hoseline
Which smoke control system/method uses barriers with sufficient fire endurance to provide protection against the spread of fire and smoke? (1214) A. Passive B. Dilution C. Opposed air flow D. Zoned smoke control
Passive
29
Percent of fires that are outdoor fires
Situational awareness
Perception of the surrounding environment, and the ability to anticipate future events
What guidelines should be followed for removing frozen hose? (827) A. Fold the hose while still frozen B. Place frozen hose on apparatus as soon as possible C. Use the exhaust manifold heat from the pumping apparatus D. Perform service testing before placing thawed hose back in service
Perform service testing before placing thawed hose back in service
Which of the following statements about photoelectric smoke detectors is MOST accurate? (1190) A. Photoelectric smoke detectors are ineffective at detecting Class C fires. B. Photoelectric smoke detectors use a photoelectric cell coupled with ambient room light. C. Photoelectric smoke detectors must be manually reset when conditions return to normal. D. Photoelectric smoke detectors usually respond more quickly to smoldering fires than do ionization-type detectors.
Photoelectric smoke detectors usually respond more quickly to smoldering fires than do ionization-type detectors.
A _______ system produces clean and reliable energy, and retains electricity even when shut down
Photovoltaic
Which type of nozzle can be used to effectively control fires in concealed spaces?
Piercing
What is the most common form of ignition?
Piloted
100) Modern wood-frame construction uses a technique that builds one floor at a time and inserts a plate between each floor that acts as a fire stop. This technique is called:
Platform-frame.
Even though there are fewer fires today than there were in the late 1970's, there are more firefighters dying as a result of traumatic fireground injuries. _____________________
Plus 67%
Which of the following safety guidelines should be followed when advancing hose into a structure? (862-863) A. Close doors behind you as hose advances B. Place two twists in the hose while advancing C. Stand fully upright when moving through the structure and entering doorways D. Position the nozzle operator and members of the hose team on the same side of the hoseline
Position the nozzle operator and members of the hose team on the same side of the hoseline
Which of the following BEST describes the main objective for firefighters when entering homes for a private dwelling fire safety survey? (1243) A. Prevent accidental fires B. Identify life safety code infractions C. Collect information on hazards that exist D. Create database of structure types in jurisdiction
Prevent accidental fires
Which of the following BEST describes a design limitation of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE)? (263)
Prevents heat transfer away from body
_______ windows swing outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward into grooves
Projecting
Blade Up inside, Down outside
Proper way to carry a Pike Pole
Don't Carry Running, Blade away from you
Proper way to carry a Power Saw
Salvage
Property Conservation, loss Control
Stairs that provide protection for occupants are called ______ or ______ because they are built to resist the spread of smoke and fire
Protected or enclosed
Which type of alarm signaling system is designed to provide notification to building occupants on the immediate premises? (1182) A. Central station B. Remote receiving C. Protected premises D. Supervising station
Protected premises
What part of structural fire fighting personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to fit inside a protective coat? (266)
Protective hoods
Which of the following is a manually-activated alarm-initiating device? (1185) A. House line B. Pull station C. Fusible link D. Smoke detector
Pull station
What is an advantage of the forward lay? (856) A. No firefighters are required to stay at the fire hose B. It is expedient if the apparatus must stay at the water source C. It allows the hose to be charged more quickly than other hose lays D. Pumper can remain at the incident scene so hose and equipment are readily available
Pumper can remain at the incident scene so hose and equipment are readily available
What is an advantage of the forward lay?
Pumper can remain at the incident scene so hose and equipment are readily available
Oxidation Variables _____________________________-of available oxidizing agent- Higher concentration of oxidizer result in more redox reactions.
Quantity
66) Which of the following are characteristics of a primary search?
Rapid and systematic.
Fire
Rapid chemical chain reaction that gives off energy and products of combustion
A ______ heat detector is designed for use in areas that have regular temperature changes and results in fewer false activation.
Rate Compensated
A ______ heat detector responds to a rapid increase in temperature, rather than a specific temperature.
Rate of rise
Which of the following statements about rate-of-rise detectors is MOST accurate? (1188) A. Rate-of-rise detectors are not suitable for areas where arc welding is done. B. Rate-of-rise detectors are also known as visible products-of-combustion detectors. C. Rate-of-rise detectors are less reliable than fixed-temperature detectors, and are frequently subject to false activations. D. Rate-of-rise detectors can initiate an alarm at a temperature below that required for initiating fixed temperature devices.
Rate-of-rise detectors can initiate an alarm at a temperature below that required for initiating fixed temperature devices.
Heel
Rear of the fire, opposite of the head. Usually burns against the wind, or downhill. Burns slowly and is easier to control than the head.
Reinforced concrete is internally fortified with _____ or wire mesh, giving the material compressive strength of concrete and the tensile (withstand being pulled apart) strength of steel
Rebar
*Which of the following best describes the part of a radio system usually located in the cab within reach of the driver / operator
Receiver and transmitter
Which fitting is used to connect a smaller diameter hose to the end of a larger one?
Reducer
Which fitting is used to connect a smaller diameter hose to the end of a larger one? (838) A. Reducer B. Adapter C. Strainer D. Decreaser
Reducer
_______ Alarm systems are connected directly to the dispatch center through a leased telephone line or a radio signal over a dedicated fire department frequency
Remote Station
How can age deterioration of fire hose be prevented? (830) A. Fold hose in the exact same places when reloading B. Leave hose drying in the hose tower as long as possible C. Remove and replace hose loads every six months if not used D.Use the same hose/peg contact points when drying hose in a tower
Remove and replace hose loads every six months if not used
Which of the following precautions should be taken when drying hose in a hose tower? (833) A. Remove and refold hose while slightly wet B. Remove hose from hose tower as soon as dry C. Cover female threads with precut sections of hose D. Ensure that sections of hose are touching while drying
Remove hose from hose tower as soon as dry
How should hose be cleaned after chemical exposure? (829) A. Wash thoroughly and reload while still damp B. Dispose of any hose that may have been exposed C. Scrub fire hose with a mixture of vinegar and water D. Remove hose periodically and wash with plain water
Remove hose periodically and wash with plain water
Which of the following is a guideline for loading fire hose?
Remove kinks and twists from hose when bent to form a loop in the hose bed
Which of the following is a guideline for loading fire hose? (852) A. Tighten couplings mechanically B. Pack the hose as tightly as possible C. Load large-diameter hose with all couplings near the back of the bed D. Remove kinks and twists from hose when bent to form a loop in the hose bed
Remove kinks and twists from hose when bent to form a loop in the hose bed
In Type IV construction, a collapse zone should be established if the fire is intense or if the structure has been weakened by ______ ______ over time
Repeated fires
Which victim removal method is required when victims are directly threatened?
Rescue
Which of the following statements about residential sprinkler systems is MOST accurate? (1208) A. Residential sprinkler systems are generally more costly than commercial systems. B. Residential sprinkler systems operate more slowly and at higher temperatures than do commercial systems. C. Residential sprinkler systems are expected to prevent flashover, and improve the chance for occupants to escape. D. Residential sprinkler systems must be connected to a water source separate from the domestic water service.
Residential sprinkler systems are expected to prevent flashover, and improve the chance for occupants to escape.
Which of the following APR effectiveness clues is monitored by being aware of how labored a firefighter's breathing is? (295)
Resistance-to-breathing-indicators
How should hose be stored in hose racks? (834) A. Pack hose tightly to ensure a good fit B. Store hose in direct sunlight whenever possible C. Roll hose with the male end inside roll to protect male coupling threads D. Locate hose rack in apparatus room/bay, as close as possible to the apparatus
Roll hose with the male end inside roll to protect male coupling threads
A ______ _______ fire door cannot be used on any opening that is required to be part of the means of egress
Rolling steel
The _____ _____ is the part of the roof exposed to the weather
Roof covering
_____ ______ and ______ include a variety of items that provide light, ventilation, access, vapor exhausts, or are part of the plumbing or HVAC systems
Roof penetration and openings
Variables Affecting Flashover: -____________________________ -.................. -____________________________ -.................. -____________________________ -.................... -____________________________ -.....................
Room Geometry Conductivity/Flammability of walls and ceiling Contents Rate of Heat Release
Which of the following BEST describes a halyard?
Rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering fly sections
Which of the following statements about ladder maintenance is MOST accurate?
Routine ladder maintenance may be performed by firefighters.
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Rule for how personnel should perform routine functions or emergency operations
Which of the following personnel accountability systems requires the accountability officer to record an expected exit time?
SCBA tag system
Extraordinary hazards on vehicle fires:
Saddle fuel tanks, pressurized natural gas tanks, alternative fuel tanks, explosives, radioactive materials (medical isotopes), munitions, mobile illegal drug labs.
What best describes knowing a buildings construction can alert a firefighter to?
Safe areas within the structure
What is the function of a ladder belt?
Safely secure firefighter to a ladder while performing work.
What are the two objectives for a structural search?
Search for life, assess fire conditions
In which hose roll is the hose used to form a built-in carrying loop? (846) A. Donut roll B. Straight roll C. Twin donut roll D. Self-locking in donut roll
Self-locking in donut roll
In which hose roll is the hose used to form a built-in carrying loop?
Self-locking twin donut roll
Which type of standpipe system requires activation of a control device to provide water at hose connections? (1212) A. Manual dry B. Automatic dry C. Automatic wet D. Semiautomatic dry
Semiautomatic dry
______ ______ structures that contain multiple occupancies or use groups must meet the individual requirements for each occupancy classification
Seperated use
Acute
Sharp or severe; having a rapid onset and short duration
Relative Humidity (Ground cover fire)
Significantly affects dead fuels that only gain moisture from surrounding air rather than their root system.
Which of the following statements BEST describes roof ladders?
Single ladders equipped with hooks that anchor the ladder is place while a firefighter is working
Which hose load finish begins by forming three or more pull loops that extend beyond the end of the hose load?
Skid load finish
Which hose load finish begins by forming three or more pull loops that extend beyond the end of the hose load? (851) A. Straight finish B. Skid load finish C. Horseshoe finish D. Reverse horseshoe finish
Skid load finish
55) A fire fighter who is climbing a ladder and carrying a tool in one hand, should:
Slide the free hand up the underside of the beam while making the climb.
A ______ door is suspended from an overhead track and may use steel or nylon rollers. Eliminates a door swing that might interfere with the use of interior space
Sliding
Slip and failure weights of Prusik cord.
Slips at 2000 pounds Fails at 3000 pounds
Ground Fire
Slow moving, smoldering fires that burn in the layer of organic matter called humus.
Which of the following statements about smoke control is MOST accurate? (1213) A. Most smoke management systems are ineffective if building occupants are sleeping or impaired. B. The purpose of smoke control is to quickly remove smoke from and introduce fresh air into the fire area. C. Smoke management systems are not activated until the structure has been evacuated and searched. D. Smoke control is any effort to change pressure in spaces adjacent to the fire area to compartmentalize or exhaust smoke.
Smoke control is any effort to change pressure in spaces adjacent to the fire area to compartmentalize or exhaust smoke.
______ ______ ______ are protected by an automatic detection system that activates a mechanical ventilation system to keep smoke out of the stair enclosure by pressurizing the shaft
Smokeproof stair enclosures
Which of the following is a common cause of residential fires? (1242) A. Smoking materials B. Extension cords used correctly C. Well maintained electrical appliances D. Appropriate placement of combustibles
Smoking materials
Laminar smoke flow
Smooth or streamlined movement of smoke, which indicates that the pressure in the building is not excessively high.
31) The purpose of a pass device is to:
Sound an alarm if a fire fighter is motionless for a set period of time.
Thermal imagers allow firefighters to see:
Sources of heat through thick smoke
While reinforced concrete performs well under fire conditions, it can lose strength through _______
Spalling
102) When trapped moisture in concrete is heated to steam and expands, causing parts of the concrete to break away, this is known as:
Spalling.
14) The ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid compared with the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature is:
Specific gravity.
_____ may be defined as the measurement of the heat absorbing capacity of a substance compared to an identical amount of water.
Specific heat
Which of the following procedures should be followed when service testing fire hose? (873) A. Close all valves as quickly as possible B. Pick up all large-diameter hose before charging it C. Stand away from the discharge valve connection when charging hose D. Connect the hose to discharges on the pump panel side of the apparatus
Stand away from the discharge valve connection when charging hose
NFPA 1002
Standard for fire apparatus driver/operator professionalism qualifications
Incident Command System (ICS)
Standardized approach to incident management that facilitates interaction between cooperating agencies
Liquified natural gas
Stored in liquid state at -260 F. Lighter than water and vapor cloud is heavier than air. Frost on tank indicates tank failure.
Which hose roll is used to store sections of hose in a storage rack or other location?
Straight roll
Which hose roll is used to store sections of hose in a storage rack or other location? (844) A. Donut roll B. Straight roll C. Twin donut roll D. Self-locking donut roll
Straight roll
76) A stream designed to be as compact as possible with little shower or spray is known as a what stream?
Straight.
_________________________ - Fluid compounds (liquids and gases) will stratify within a given space based upon temperature and density. - Lighter, hotter fluids will move to the upper most layer while heavier and/or cooler gasses will remain at lower levels of the space. - Heat transfer inside this stratified column still exists and accounts for much of the turbulence seen within the smoke
Stratification
For fire to exist, Fuel, Oxidizer, AND Heat must interact in such a way so as to form a __________________________.
Sustained Chemical Reaction
A ______ door rotates around a vertical axis by means of hinges secured to the side jambs of the doorway framing
Swinging
Which part of the female threaded coupling is the free-turning ring on which the threads are cut? (821) A. Shank B. Swivel C. Higbee cut D. Higbee indicator
Swivel
Variables of Radiation _______________________________- The higher the absolute temperature of the object radiating, the higher the rate of radiation. (increase is proportional to the 4th power) -2x the temp. = 16x the amount of radiant heat energy released
Temperature
___________________________________- A measurement of the average kinetic energy caused by the movement of molecules within the substance.
Temperature
Fire point
Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. Must exceed 5 seconds
Which of the following vaccines may be required or recommended for fire department first responders?
Tetanus/diphtheria
Volatility
The ability of a substance to produce combustible vapors.
Plume
The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column. (NFPA 921)
Aspect
The compass direction a slope faces determines the effects of solar heating. Southern exposures in N. America receive more heat.
Company-level preincident surveys are generally conducted on occupied private residences. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'False'.
A firefighter must be able to answer questions on fire and life safety topics not traditionally covered under the title of fire prevention. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
One of the goals of a fire and life safety initiatives program is to encourage and empower citizens to act in a safe manner to reduce the potential for fires, accidents, and injuries. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Photographs can be taken during preincident planning surveys only if permission has been granted by the owner. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
Preincident and code enforcement surveys may be performed by the same personnel. Select one: True False
The correct answer is 'True'.
The attention span for young children means a ___ message is ideal. Select one: a. 15 minute or less b. 25 minute or more c. 15 to 20 minute d. 20 to 25 minute
The correct answer is: 15 minute or less
Which fire and life safety program component includes investigating the cause of fires, documenting results, and providing law enforcement agencies with findings? Select one: a. Education b. Enforcement c. Emergency response d. Engineering
The correct answer is: Enforcement
When are photos taken during a preincident planning survey most useful? Select one: a. When creating a record of code violations b. When locating code enforcement violations c. When developing preincident operational plans d. When locating primary entrances
The correct answer is: When developing preincident operational plans
Visitors should be ___ when waiting for a fire station tour to begin. Select one: a. shown how to climb on apparatus b. met as soon as they arrive c. left to interact with station mascots d. allowed to roam unescorted
The correct answer is: met as soon as they arrive
Pyrolysis
The destructive distillation of organic compounds in an oxygen-free environment that converts the organic matter into gases, liquids, and char. (NFPA 820)
Kinetic wnergy
The energy possessed by a body because of its motion
Which kind of couplings have male and female parts? (821) A. Sexless couplings B. Threaded couplings C. Unthreaded couplings D. Nonthreaded couplings
Threaded couplings
Which of the following statements about firefighters' smoke control stations is MOST accurate? (1215) A. All smoke control equipment must be fully automated to prevent manual shutdown. B. The firefighters' smoke control station must be accessible by all building occupants at all times. C. Each piece of smoke control equipment should be controlled individually, rather then by zones. D. The firefighters' smoke control station should contain a building diagram indicating the location of smoke control equipment.
The firefighters' smoke control station should contain a building diagram indicating the location of smoke control equipment.
Upper flammable limit (UFL)
The highest concentration of a combustible substance in a gaseous oxidizer that will propagate a flame. (NFPA 68)
Autoignition temperature
The lowest temperature at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame
149) Which coupling goes on the inside of a straight hose roll?
The male.
Thermal radiation
The means by which heat is transferred to other objects.
Ignition
The process of initiating self sustained combustion
Buoyant
The tendency of capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas
Smoke density
The thickness of smoke. Because it has a high mass per unit volume, smoke is difficult to see through.
Vapor density
The weight of an airborne concentration (vapor or gas) as compared to an equal volume of dry air.
What type of fire hose damage can char, melt, or weaken the outer jacket of hose?
Thermal damage
113) During salvage, what should be done with any pictures on the walls?
They should be removed and placed with the furniture.
Which method of providing ambulance services involves the services provided under a contract by for-profit or not-for-profit organizations?
Third-service EMS
Wet Standpipe System
This system always has water in the piping. The water in the system is always under pressure.
Class I
This system is designed to be used by professional fire fighters and Brigade personnel. The fire hoses in these systems are 2-1/2 inches in diameter.
Dry Standpipe With an Automatic Dry pipe Valve (manual Standpipe
This system is usually supplied by a public water main. Under normal conditions there is (NO WATER) in the piping. A dry pipe valve is installed to prevent water from entering the standpipe system. Dry pipe valve will open when there is a drop of air pressure. The air pressure is usually set at 15 to 20 psi.
Class III
This system may be used by either professional fire fighters or by the occupants of the building. The hosing may be adjusted to either 1-1/2 or 2-1/2 inches in diameter. This is done by attaching a special reducing valves to the hose line.
Which kind of couplings have male and female parts?
Threaded couplings
Which preconnected hose load is designed to be pulled by one person and must be completely removed from the bed before deploying the nozzle end?
Triple layer load
Which of the following limitations of respiratory protection may affect the ability to get a complete facepiece seal? (296)
Unique facial features
** list four of the radio procedure guidelines that can be used to ensure your message is heard and understood
Use a moderate rate of speaking Use a vocal quality that is not too strong or weak Do not chew gum or eat while transmitting a message Do not transmit until the radio frequency is clear
CNG tactics
Use gas detector to locate leaks, shutoff valves. Stay clear of vapor clouds. Allow fire to self extinguish. Use water or foam if necessary. Use fog stream to disperse vapor clouds. Avoid contact with high velocity jet of escaping gas.
Which of the following BEST describes a method for supporting weight of an unconscious victim?
Victim's body rests on rescuer's supporting knee
Flame
Visible, luminous body of a burning gas emitting radiant energy including light of various colors given off during the combustion process
Which of the following statements bout fire streams is MOST accurate?
Water broken into small droplets absorbs heat more rapidly.
110) When the water flow alarm (water gong) sounds, this indicates that:
Water is flowing in the system.
Hinges
Way to determine which way a door swings by looking at it
What method of organizing a message begins with an overview of the topic before describing each subsection? (1251) A. Step-by-step B. Whole-part-whole C. Simple-to-complex D. Known-to-unknown
Whole-part-whole
When should hose be inspected? (831) A. Biannually after the first use B. At least monthly after being placed into service C. Within 30 days before being placed in service for the first time D. Within 90 days before being placed in service for the first time
Within 90 days before being placed in service for the first time
Which of the following statements BEST descries wood ladders?
Wood ladders offer better resistance to flexing and bouncing when being climbed.
History has shown that _____ _____ roof coverings in particular, even if treated with a fire retardant, can significantly contribute to fire spread
Wood shake
_____ _____ is used for decorations in the construction of gates, fences, and balcony railings
Wrought iron
braid-on-braid rope
braided sheath and braided core. half of the strength is in the sheath and the other half is on the core.
Can downgraded life safety rope be utilized for use as Utility line?
Yes
Safety
___________ is always the primary concern.
kern mantle
a jacketed synthetic rope composed of a braid covering the sheath over a core of the main load- bearing strands.
The primary power to the alarm system is obtained from: (1178) A. auxiliary generators. B. a local utility provider. C. batteries with chargers. D. a special radio frequency.
a local utility provider.
When using the wide-area-search method, the lead is accompanied by:
a navigator
Everyone Goes Home
a program that strives to prevent firefighter deaths and injuries
employee assistance program
a program to help employees with their personal problems
A frangible bulb heat detector is activated when: (1186-1187) A. a beam of light is reflected onto a photoelectric cell to complete a circuit. B. ionized molecules make air less conductive, causing a decrease in current. B. a chemical pellet melts, releasing a pressurized plunger to complete a circuit. D. a small glass vial breaks when heated, allowing electrical contacts to complete a circuit.
a small glass vial breaks when heated, allowing electrical contacts to complete a circuit.
accountability
a system used to track the location of firefighters
critical incident stress management (CISM)
a way to mitigate stress and mental trauma after an incident
Pulmonary Edema
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Chest compressions are done using two hands when performing CPR on:
adults.
Many fire departments take the ______ approach by providing a variety of services to their communities.
all hazards
inspecting ropes
all types of ropes should be inspected after each use, and unused ropes should be inspected at least once a year. inspections must be documented in the rope log. ropes are inspected visually and by touch. check for imbedded shard of glass, metal shavings, wood splinters, and other foreign objects.
Ladders made of ______ conduct heat, cold, and electricity, and may accumulate ice on the rungs in cold weather.
aluminum
The type of cleaning required for personal protective equipment (PPE) is determined by: (278)
amount and type of contamination.
The most common reason for sprinkler system failure is/are ______.
closed water control valves
world trade center
communication obstacles, resulted in interoperability
the automatic closure of doors, petitions, windows and HVAC systems are methods of...
compartmentalizing a structure
once an exhaust opening has been created, it is important that the cone of air from the blower...
completely covers the doorway opening
Deciding to whether to walk upright or crawl during a structural search depends on the:
conditions in the environment
The fire command center: (1181) A. senses products of combustion. B. serves as the connection point for power and fire alarm circuits. C. consolidates all fire protection system controls for a structure in one room. D. ensures the fire alarm system will operate if the primary power supply fails.
consolidates all fire protection system controls for a structure in one room.
The fire alarm control panel: (1178) A. is required to be red with white lettering. B. contains electronics that control and monitor the fire alarm system. C. senses the products of combustion or other hazardous conditions. D. notifies occupants of an emergency condition through visual text or symbols.
contains electronics that control and monitor the fire alarm system.
Symptoms such as nausea and/or vomiting and changes to vital signs are most likely seen in:
decompensated shock.
A ______ sprinkler system is used in high hazard areas requiring large amounts of water for fire control or extinguishment due to large or fast moving fire potential
deluge
Manual system activation is an option for _____ sprinkler systems
deluge
Open heads (no fusible element) are used in _______ sprinkler systems
deluge
Triggering a heat activating device (HAD) in a ______ sprinkler system will cause water to enter the piping and discharge through all sprinkler heads
deluge
Fire hose couplings are made of:
durable, rust-proof materials
A zoned/annunciated alarm system: (1183) A. allows for quick location and correction of malfunctions in the system. B. is not capable of identifying the initiating device that activated the alarm. C. enables responders to identify the general location of alarm activation. D. displays the location of each initiating device on a fire alarm control panel.
enables responders to identify the general location of alarm activation.
A retard chamber may be used to speed up the activation of a dry pipe sprinkler system.
false
A sprinkler head cabinet that contains spare sprinkler heads is required so that the fire department can replace damaged or activated sprinkler heads to get the system back into operation quickly
false
NFPA 1932 contains requirements for:
ladder use, care, maintenance and service testing.
One advantage of nondedicated smoke control systems is: (1214) A. the elaborate nature of the system controls. B. less chance of component failure due to regular use and maintenance. C. the operation and control are simpler than dedicated smoke control systems. D. nondedicated systems are less likely to be affected by modification or failure of other building systems.
less chance of component failure due to regular use and maintenance.
Fire rope is divided into two general classifications:
life safety rope, utility rope
panic hardware
mounted on exit doors in public buildings that unlock from the inside and enable doors to be opened when pressure it applied
what type of ventilation requires no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain?
natural horizontal
use of smoke ejectors to expel smoke and draw fresh air into a structure is a use of...
negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)
Damaged equipment marked for training can be used in: (280)
non-live fire training.
During a secondary search, a firefighter should:
not remove SCBA, even if building appears free of smoke
After receiving a signal from an initiating device, the control panel activates: (1180) A. a manual pull station. B. notification appliances. C. secondary power supplies. D. the contacts in a frangible bulb.
notification appliances.
The purpose of a fire alarm system is to: (1178) A. prevent flashover in the room of fire origin. B. control fires in early stages while still small. C. notify building occupants of an emergency condition. D. provide means for deploying fire hoses remote from fire apparatus.
notify building occupants of an emergency condition.
When operating small hoselines with two firefighters, the backup firefighter takes a position behind the nozzle operator. (869) A. on the same side of the hose about 3 feet (1 m) B. on the opposite side of the hose about 3 feet (1 m) C. on the same side of the hose about 6 feet (2 m) D. on the opposite side of the hose about 6 feet (2 m)
on the same side of the hose about 3 feet (1 m)
Ground ladders should be service tested before being placed in service, ______ while in service, and after use that exposes the ladder to high heat or rough treatment.
once each year
Pumper apparatus are required by NFPA 1901 to carry one folding ladder, one roof ladder, and:
one extension ladder.
ringling brother circus
paraffin and gasoline were used to water proof the tents and exits were blocked. resulted in the development of safety standards to regulate the manufacture and use of tents for public
74
percent of structural fires that are residential fires
PPE
personal protective equipment
murrah building bombing
truck bombing outside federal building, increased emphasis on structural collapse, confined space, search and rescue, training and equipment. results of security barriers around government facilities, increasing the challenges for first responders
An annual purified protein derivative (PPD) test may be administered to determine:
tuberculosis (TB) exposure.
reducer
used to connect hoselines with different diameter couplings
Forward lay
water to fire
a retard chamber is a common component of a ______ sprinkler system to limit false alarms by compensating for pressure fluctuations in the water supply.
wet pipe
