Final (biod 121 Portage Nutrition)

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The bioavailability (absorption) of minerals can be affected by several types of interactions. (1) State the interaction from the list that best describes what is occurring in the situation below. (2) List whether the interaction increases or decreases bioavailability. Jess is a vegetarian and always has fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains to ensure adequate fiber intake. To ensure that she is getting all her nutrients, she takes an iron supplement with dinner. A. Mineral-mineral interaction B. Fiber-mineral interaction C. Vitamin-mineral interaction (1) B. Fiber-mineral interaction. (2) Bioavailability will decrease

(1) B. Fiber-mineral interaction. (2) Bioavailability will decrease

The pancreas plays a role in blood sugar regulation. For (A) the fasting, and (B) the fed states, list the hormones the pancreas releases and their effect on blood glucose - (A) Fasting - pancreas releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels (B) Fed - pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels

(A) Fasting - pancreas releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels (B) Fed - pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels

As a dietitian, a client comes to you because they have struggled to control their weight. The client tells you that all of his "diets" haven't worked for him and he regains the weight he loses quickly. He loves "bad foods" like BBQ ribs, fried onions and hamburgers so he constantly cheats on his diets as well. Using the information you have learned in this module, (1) explain to the client the definition of "diet", and how it is different from how he thinks of it. (2) Explain the MyPlate principles that would allow him to consume foods he enjoys but have it not be detrimental to his health goals - 1. "Diet" refers to a style of eating that will meet your nutritional needs, and it is something that you practice for the rest of your life. 2. All foods are allowed, and there are no good foods or bad foods. The key words are variety, balance, and moderation.

1. "Diet" refers to a style of eating that will meet your nutritional needs, and it is something that you practice for the rest of your life. 2. All foods are allowed, and there are no good foods or bad foods. The key words are variety, balance, and moderation.

Breastfeeding mom's require additional calories and fluid for adequate milk production. If you are counseling a woman who is interested in nursing, what would be the minimum number of calories to intake to meet nutrient needs? How many cups of fluid would you recommend - 1. 1800 calories 2. 13 cups of fluid

1. 1800 calories 2. 13 cups of fluid

Order the following macronutrients from 1 to 4 according to the order that cells utilize them for energy requirements with 1 being the first resource to be used, and 4 being the last resource to be utilized. 1. Adenosine Triphosphate 2. Carbohydrates 3. Fats 4. Protein

1. Adenosine Triphosphate 2. Carbohydrates 3. Fats 4. Protein

1. To prevent dehydration two hormones are secreted. ____________ is secreted from the adrenal glands to conserve sodium and water. 2. The pituitary glands release __________ to decrease urine output. 1. Aldosterone 2. antidiuretic hormone

1. Aldosterone 2. antidiuretic hormone

Match the following characteristics to the correct eating disorder (anorexia/bulimia): 1. Self denial of food leads to feeling empowered 2. Food provides comfort 3. Difficulty controlling impulses 4. Very competitive and obsessive 5. Rituals involving food and calorie counting 6. Normal weight for height is typical

1. Anorexia Nervosa 2. Bulimia Nervosa 3. Bulimia Nervosa 4. Anorexia Nervosa 5. Anorexia Nervosa 6. Bulimia Nervosa

Match the mineral to its function. 1. Important for extracellular fluid control 2. Important for bone structure 3. Nerve impulse and muscle contractions 4. A key component in the production of ATP, DNA and RNA Magnesium Phosphorus Chloride Potassium

1. Chloride 2. Phosphorus 3. Potassium 4. Magnesium

The storage form of carbohydrates in the human body is called ___1____. The two organs that store this form of carbohydrate for energy are muscle and ______2___ . 1. Glycogen 2. Liver

1. Glycogen 2. Liver

Name the government program that was designed to improve the nation's health. How often are the programs objectives updated? 1. Healthy people is the program designed to improve the nation's health 2. The objectives are updated every 10 years

1. Healthy people is the program designed to improve the nation's health 2. The objectives are updated every 10 years

Why is extra iron required during pregnancy? Provide 2 reasons - 1. Increased blood volume 2. To provide iron stores for the fetus

1. Increased blood volume 2. To provide iron stores for the fetus

1. A friend of yours is a weight lifter. He just purchased a supplement of vitamin B-6. What are the side effects of mega doses of this vitamin? 2. Why would he consider taking this? 1. Megadoses of B-6 from supplements can cause hand and foot numbness as well as irreversible nerve damage. 2. Weight lifters use large amounts to build muscle mass.

1. Megadoses of B-6 from supplements can cause hand and foot numbness as well as irreversible nerve damage. 2. Weight lifters use large amounts to build muscle mass.

Match the Vitamin to the deficiency. 1. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia 2. Megaloblastic Anemia 3. Scurvy 4. Beriberi 1. Pyridoxine 2. Vitamin B12 3. Vitamin C 4. Thiamin

1. Pyridoxine 2. Vitamin B12 3. Vitamin C 4. Thiamin

(1)The extrusion reflex must disappear before an infant is ready to eat what? (2)At what age does the extrusion reflex disappear - 1. The infant is then ready to try solid foods. 2. The extrusion reflex disappears between 4-6 months of age.

1. The infant is then ready to try solid foods. 2. The extrusion reflex disappears between 4-6 months of age.

1. Lack of this vitamin can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. 2. Xeropthalmia is a result of a deficiency of _______________.

1. Vitamin D 2. Vitamin A

Match the following vitamins with the correct statement or deficiency. 1. _______________Small amounts of this vitamin are synthesized in the intestinal tract. 2. Osteomalacia is the result of inadequate intake of __________ 3. _______________The chemical name of this vitamin is Tocopherol 4. _______________Helps the eye adjust from bright light to dim light. Vitamin E Vitamin K Retinal Vitamin D

1. Vitamin K 2. Vitamin D 3. Vitamin E 4. Retinal

The bioavailability (absorption) of minerals can be affected by several types of interactions. (1) State the interaction from the list that best describes what is occurring in the situation below. (2) List whether the interaction increases or decreases bioavailability. Phil uses an iron skillet to cook meat with stewed tomatoes or another vitamin C source A. Mineral-mineral interaction B. Vitamin-mineral interaction C. Fiber-mineral interaction

1. Vitamin-mineral interaction 2. Bioavailability will increase

Match the following words to their definitions: 1. _______________Number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state 2. ___________________Energy used for the digestion and absorption of what we ingest 3. ___________________Amount of energy burned via the body regulating body temperature and activities like fidgeting, maintaining body posture and shivering Basal metabolic rate Thermogenesis Thermic effect of food

1. basal metabolic rate 2. thermic effect of food 3. thermogenesis

1. Vitamin C is important in the formation of _______________ . Like Vitamin A and E it works as an antioxidant scavenging free radicals. 2. Combining _____________ with good sources of this vitamin will improve its absorption. 3. A deficiency results in scurvy which can be prevented by consuming ________ ________. This vitamin is often marketed as a cure for the common cold. 1. collagen 2. iron 3. citrus fruits

1. collagen 2. iron 3. citrus fruits

1. A deficiency of thiamin results in beriberi which translates to I can't I can't. Pellagra is a deficiency of niacin and the symptoms include diarrhea, dermatitis, ____________ and death. 2. Ariboflavinosis results from a riboflavin deficiency leading to an inflamed tongue known as glossitis and ____________ , cracks around the mouth. 3. A deficiency of folate and vitamin ____________ both result in megaloblastic anemia, formation of large immature red blood cells. 1. dementia 2. cheilosis 3. B-12

1. dementia 2. cheilosis 3. B-12

Match the component of the GI tract with its function: Small intestine Esophagus Large intestine Rectum Stomach 1._________Passageway for food 2._________Hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digests it 3._________Site of digestion and absorption 4._________Reabsorbs water and some vitamins 5._________passes undigested food stuff from the body

1. esophagus 2. stomach 3. small intestine 4. large intestine 5. rectum

Match the terms with the correct description 1. Formed by the end of week eight - fetus 2. Allows for the transfer of waste products - placenta 3. Formed following a period of rapid cell division - embryo 4. Union of an egg and sperm - zygote

1. fetus 2. placenta 3. embryo 4. zygote

Match the sugar to its common source or characteristic: Galactose Fructose Maltose Sucrose Glucose 1. Found in milk 2. Example of a disaccharide 3. The monosaccharide referred to as blood sugar 4. An example of a monosaccharide 5. Rarely found in food but

1. galactose 2. sucrose 3. glucose 4. fructose 5. Maltose

Match the digestive disorder to its description or characteristics: Diarrhea Constipation Irritable bowel syndrome Peptic ulcer Heartburn Diverticulosis 1. Gastric acid enters the esophagus damaging the epithelial lining 2. Loose, watery and frequent stools 3. Small pouches that push out through weak spots in the colon that can become inflamed 4. Associated with bloating, abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, or constipation 5. Sores that develop along the GI tract triggered by H. Pylori, NSAIDs, stress or smoking 6. Slow movement of fecal material through the colon causes it to be hard, dry and infrequent

1. heartburn 2. diarrhea 3. diverticulosis 4. IBS 5. peptic ulcers 6. Constipation

1. mineral - mineral interaction 2. This decreases bioavailability as these minerals compete as they are similar in charge and size

Match the following protein states to their definitions: Positive protein balance Negative protein balance Protein equilibrium 1. State when protein intake is equivalent to the amount of protein lost 2. State when we take in more protein than we lose 3. State when protein loss is greater than intake

1. protein equilibrium 2. positive protein balance 3. negative protein balance

Match the following minerals to their disease/deficiency. a. Iron b. Selenium c. Iodide d. Calcium 1. ___ A particular type of heart disease 2. ___ Osteoporosis 3. ___ Congenital hypothyroidism in children 4. ___ Anemia resulting from a low hematocrit and hemoglobin level

1. selenium 2. calcium 3. iodide 4. iron

1. _____________ are essential nutrients. The degree to which they can be absorbed is called their bioavailability. 2. Minerals needed in amounts > 100 mg per day are called major minerals while those needed in quantities < 100 mg daily are ____________ minerals. 3. Would vitamins or minerals be more likely to be destroyed during the cooking process? 1. vitamins and/or minerals 2. trace 3. Vitamins

1. vitamins and/or minerals 2. trace 3. Vitamins

Jocelyn is a pregnant female who was diagnosed as being obese prior to her pregnancy. At her clinic visit, she wanted to know what an appropriate amount of weight gain during pregnancy would be - 15-25 pounds, 28-40 pounds, 11-20 pounds, 25-35 pounds

11-20 pounds

Mike weighed 6 pounds at birth. If he has adequate nutrition and is growing at a normal pattern, Mike should weigh approximately how many pounds at 1 year, 18 pounds

18 pounds

According to the MyPlate concept of Start Simple and Make Every Bite Count, give 2 examples of foods to increase and 2 examples of foods to reduce in the diet - 2 foods to increase include nutrient dense foods like fruits and vegetables. 2 foods to decrease in the diet include empty calorie foods like sodas and sweets.

2 foods to increase include nutrient dense foods like fruits and vegetables. 2 foods to decrease in the diet include empty calorie foods like sodas and sweets.

Jenn is a 50 year old Health care worker. During her annual physical her physician measures her weight and body fat percentage. What would be the appropriate body fat percentage range for Jenn1. 8%-24% 2. 5%-18% 3. 17%-28% 4. 20%-35%

20%-35%

Angela is a pregnant female who was in a healthy weight range prior to her pregnancy. At her clinic visit, she wanted to know what an appropriate weight gain during pregnancy would be -28 to 40 pounds, 25-35 pounds, 15 to 25 pounds, 11 to 20 pounds

25-35 pounds

Which type of molecule is defined as a substance that does not contain carbon 1. Macronutrient 2. Organic 3. Inorganic 4. Micronutrient

3. Inorganic

Carbohydrates provide ___ kcal of energy/gram - 4

Jack is a 21 year old college senior. He has been playing competitive basketball for years and is committed to strength training at least three times per week. During his physical, he asks about the typical range for body fat in athletes like himself. Choose the correct range for Jack 8%-24% 5%-18% 17%-28% 20%-35%

5%-18%

Nutrition is the science that links foods to _____ and ______ - 1. weight; health 2. nutritional value; disease 3. weight; disease 4. health; nutritional value 5. health; disease

5. health; disease

Jason is a 60 year old male who works in an office. He gets little exercise and is concerned about his health. During his physical, he asks what an appropriate body fat percentage would be for himself. Choose the correct range for Jason1. 8%-24% 2. 5%-18% 3. 17%-28% 4. 20%-35%

8%-24%

Fats provide __ kcal of energy/gram - 9

Write the definition of a calorie (as used in the general term) - A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

What is the difference between a complete vs incomplete protein? List one example of each, A complete or high quality protein contains all the essential amino acids required from our diet and are from animal sources, Incomplete or low quality protein does not contain all the essential amino acids and are from plant or other sources.

A complete or high quality protein contains all the essential amino acids required from our diet and are from animal sources. Incomplete or low quality protein does not contain all the essential amino acids and are from plant or other sources.

Briefly explain the term hyposmia and state the mineral deficiency. - A reduced sense of smell related to a zinc deficiency

A reduced sense of smell related to a zinc deficiency

Sources of omega __A_____ fatty acids include: soybean, canola oil, walnuts, flaxseed oil, salmon, tuna and mackerel. - 3 Sources of omega___B___ are vegetable oils. - 6

A. 3 B. 6

For (A) insulin, and (B) glucagon, list the nutritional state of the body when the hormone is released, how each would influence the blood glucose levels, and by what mechanism - A. Insulin - the body would be in a fed state and insulin will work to increase cellular uptake of glucose to lower the blood glucose levels B. Glucagon - the body would be in a fasting state and glucagon will cause the breakdown of glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels

A. Insulin - the body would be in a fed state and insulin will work to increase cellular uptake of glucose to lower the blood glucose levels B. Glucagon - the body would be in a fasting state and glucagon will cause the breakdown of glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels

__A___ states that each of us has a genetically predetermined body weight and that the body will resist change beyond this set point. The hormone __B__ is involved - set point theory, leptin

A. Set point theory B. leptin

(A) the building blocks (or monomers) of CARBOHYDRATES (B) at least 2 of their functions (C) at least 2 common sources of the nutrient in the diet.

A. Sugars and starches B. Primary source of energy, also used in structure C. grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legumes

List (A) the names for simple and complex forms of CARBOHYDRATES, (B) at least 2 of their functions, and (C) at least 2 common sources of the nutrient in the diet - A. Sugars and starches B. Primary source of energy, spare protein or prevent ketosis C. grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legumes

A. Sugars and starches B. Primary source of energy, spare protein or prevent ketosis C. grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legumes

Briefly explain why physical and physiological changes occur in body structure after the age of 30 - After the age of 30 cell breakdown occurs faster than cell synthesis, this is a result of aging.

After the age of 30 cell breakdown occurs faster than cell synthesis, this is a result of aging.

Fat-soluble vitamins have all the following characteristics except: They are organic Are absorbed into the lymph system All are synthesized by the body Are stored in large quantities

All are synthesized by the body

A friend recently had her annual physical, and her doctor informed her that her Vitamin A levels were too low. As a nurse, she comes to you for advice on what foods to consume to increase her vitamin A intake. Provide 4 examples of foods that are rich in Beta-Carotene - All of the following are good sources of Beta Carotene- any red, orange or yellow vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables

All of the following are good sources of Beta Carotene- any red, orange or yellow vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables

The monomer (single unit that can be absorbed) proteins are digested into, Polysaccharides, Polymers, Proteases, Peptides, Amino Acids

Amino Acids

Other than weight and location of fat, name at least 2 other important indicators of obesity - Anthropometrics

Amount (percentage) of body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip-ratio

Discuss two differences between aerobic and anaerobic activity - Anaerobic activity is accomplished without oxygen. Anaerobic activity lasts approximately for two to three minutes. Aerobic activity uses oxygen.Aerobic activity is used in events lasting longer than 2 minutes.

Anaerobic activity is accomplished without oxygen. Anaerobic activity lasts approximately for two to three minutes. Aerobic activity uses oxygen.Aerobic activity is used in events lasting longer than 2 minutes.

Which of the ABCDE's of nutritional assessment has to do with measurements of body composition (weight, height, skin fold measurements, and body circumference) Clinical Environmental Biochemical Anthropometric Dietary

Anthropometric

Which method below is used to determine a person's body fat by measuring the fat layer just under the skin at several locations using a caliper - Underwater weighing Bioelectrical impedance DEXA Anthropometrics Radiation

Anthropometrics

Stops potential damage to cells = Antioxidants

Antioxidants

Any red, orange, or yellow vegetables

explain why the quality of food is more important than the quantity of food in older adults - As we age our calorie needs decline but the nutrient needs are still important. To prevent weight gain and disease, the quantity of food needs to decline

As we age our calorie needs decline but the nutrient needs are still important. To prevent weight gain and disease, the quantity of food needs to decline

What are the requirements for someone to be eligible to take medications, go on an extremely low-calorie diet, or have bariatric surgery - BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks.

BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks.

Ken has always struggled with his weight. At work, he brings a salad and healthy snacks and always tries to eat a healthy dinner. But at least twice a week he loses control and eats whatever is available until he feels uncomfortable. Which eating disorder best describes Ken's behavior? 1. Night Eating Syndrome 2. Anorexia Nervosa 3. Binge Eating Disorder 4. Bulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating Disorder

Which of the following is a primary eating disorder1. Binge-Eating Disorder 2. Female Athlete Triad 3. Night Eating Syndrome 4. Disordered Eating Pattern

Binge-Eating Disorder

List two types of Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. - Binge-eating, Female Athlete triad, Night Eating syndrome

Binge-eating Female Athlete triad Night Eating syndrome

Compare and contrast insoluble, and soluble fiber - Both fiber forms are complex carbohydrates that are necessary for intestinal health. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria. It functions to increase stool mass and speed passage through the large intestine. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, and is broken down by intestinal bacteria. It helps to slow glucose absorption and fat (thus, lowering cholesterol) and provides satiety to a meal.

Both fiber forms are complex carbohydrates that are necessary for intestinal health. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria. It functions to increase stool mass and speed passage through the large intestine. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, and is broken down by intestinal bacteria. It helps to slow glucose absorption and fat (thus, lowering cholesterol) and provides satiety to a meal.

The health messages conveyed by the MyPlate illustrates the concepts of Balance - Calorie and portion size Moderation - Increase consumption of some groups and limit consumption of all others variety - consume all foods

Calorie and portion size Increase consumption of some groups and limit consumption of all others consume all foods

Which of the 6 nutrient classes are sources of energy (Select all that apply): Vitamins Carbohydrate fat Protein Water Minerals

Carbohydrate fat protein

Along with stretching, list the 2 other categories of physical exercise shown to be beneficial to overall health - Cardio or aerobic exercise Resistance training

Cardio or aerobic exercise Resistance training

Carotenoids and retinal are two forms of what vitamin? Vitamin A

Carotenoids and retinal are two forms of fat - soluble vitamin A.

(B) Explain at least 3 ways type 2 diabetes is different from type 1 diabetes, Cause - type 1 is caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin, Type 1 is genetic while type 2 is brought on by lifestyle Onset - type 1 has a childhood/early adult onset whereas type 2 is typically adulthood, Process- Type 1 the body cannot produce insulin while in type 2 it can produce insulin just not enough or the body is resistant, Treatment - type 1 is treated with insulin whereas type 2 is treated with oral medications (anti-diabetic drugs), Type 1 is treated by giving insulin while type 2 treated by changing lifestyle and diet.

Cause - type 1 is caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin, Type 1 is genetic while type 2 is brought on by lifestyle Onset - type 1 has a childhood/early adult onset whereas type 2 is typically adulthood Process- Type 1 the body cannot produce insulin while in type 2 it can produce insulin just not enough or the body is resistant. Treatment - type 1 is treated with insulin whereas type 2 is treated with oral medications (anti-diabetic drugs), Type 1 is treated by giving insulin while type 2 treated by changing lifestyle and diet.

Which of the following populations would not be advised to use the general BMI Select all that apply: Children Pregnant/breastfeeding moms Short stature adults Muscular individuals Elderly

Children Pregnant/breastfeeding moms Short stature adults Muscular individuals Elderly

The hormone that slows down stomach emptying to give a feeling of fullness (also increases bile production and release from the gallbladder). - Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which of the ABCDE's of nutritional assessment has to do with physical examination - Clinical Environmental Biochemical Anthropometric Dietary

Clinical

The process of blood clotting

Coagulation

Vitamin C has four major functions. List two of the functions - Collagen synthesis, Antioxidant activity, Iron absorption or Immunity

Collagen synthesis, Antioxidant activity, Iron absorption or Immunity

You are advising a client who only eats a plant-based diet. How would you explain complete vs incomplete proteins and how would they make sure to have complementary proteins - Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. For someone on a plant-based diet, they need to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins

Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. For someone on a plant-based diet, they need to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins

Hillary is having her diet evaluated. She commonly will only eat 1 item. Like a bowl of rice, or some green lentils. As it pertains to proteins, explain to Hillary the difference between complete and incomplete proteins. Would her way of eating introduce complementary proteins into her meal - Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. She needs to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins

Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. She needs to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins

List a dietary treatment for constipation - Constipation is defined as hard infrequent stools commonly caused by a diet low in fiber. A dietary treatment would be to consume more foods that are high in fiber like fruits and vegtables. In the treatment plan, increasing the individuals intake of water would also be an important dietary treatment.

Constipation is defined as hard infrequent stools commonly caused by a diet low in fiber. A dietary treatment would be to consume more foods that are high in fiber like fruits and vegtables. In the treatment plan, increasing the individuals intake of water would also be an important dietary treatment.

Protein is considered both - A. Micronutrients and Inorganic B. Macronutrients and Inorganic C. Micronutrients and Organic D. Macronutrients and Organic

D. Macronutrients and Organic

What screening tool can be used to evaluate an elderly individual's risk for malnutrition - DETERMINE

DETERMINE

Which method below is used to determine a person's body fat by using an instrument that emits a small dose of radiation to measure the amount of fat, lean tissue, and bone in an individual - Underwater weighing Bioelectrical impedance DEXA Anthropometrics Caliper calculation

DEXA

Which of the following is NOT linked to physical activity? Select all that apply. Decreased stress level Mood improvement Increased productivity Maintained bone health Decreased lean body mass

Decreased lean body mass

List a health risk associated with being underweight: Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Delayed wound and illness healing Metabolic syndrome Atherosclerosis

Delayed wound and illness healing

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) - Delivers cholesterol to cells

Delivers cholesterol to cells

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) - Delivers lipids to the cells

Delivers lipids to the cells

What does DASH stand for? When it is prescribed for a patient, and what is the focus of the diet? - Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension. Decreases sodium and lowers blood pressure. The diet focuses fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low fat dairy products

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension. Decreases sodium and lowers blood pressure. The diet focuses fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low fat dairy products

What does DASH stand for - Dietary approach to stop hypertension

Dietary approach to stop hypertension

List at least 2 types of states that can cause an individual to be underweight, and a specific example from that state - Disease: GI disorder like irritable bowel disease, AIDS, cancer Genetics: inherit a small frame size Eating disorder: excessive diet/exercise, bulimia/anorexia

Disease: GI disorder like irritable bowel disease, AIDS, cancer Genetics: inherit a small frame size Eating disorder: excessive diet/exercise, bulimia/anorexia

Define the term disordered eating - Disordered eating is a short term change in normal eating patterns caused by stress or illness

Disordered eating is a short term change in normal eating patterns caused by stress or illness

An infant should ____ their weight in the first 4-6 months and ______ it by year one. Double; triple Double; quadruple Triple; quadruple Quadruple; triple Triple; double

Double; triple

Mick has decided to eat more fruits and vegetables to improve his overall health and hopefully lose weight. He has purchased a high speed blender and is making fruit and vegetable smoothies. However, he is not seeing the results on the scale that he thought he would. Why might smoothies not be helpful to his weight loss goals - Drinks can have high calories but not lead to a feeling of fullness or satiety, so people will also ingest food as well, and exceed their calorie intake or allowance for weight loss and maintenance.

Drinks can have high calories but not lead to a feeling of fullness or satiety, so people will also ingest food as well, and exceed their calorie intake or allowance for weight loss and maintenance.

Name at least 2 examples of when negative energy balance occurs - During illness or trauma that affects appetite or intake, healing, or as an intentional weight loss strategy.

During illness or trauma that affects appetite or intake, healing, or as an intentional weight loss strategy.

Stella is in her first trimester of pregnancy and is concerned about a special health concern that her friend experienced Preeclampsia. List 2 symptoms Stella should be aware of that might indicate that she has Preeclampsia - Edema, or swelling occurs, increased blood pressure, protein in the urine and changes in blood clotting.

Edema, or swelling occurs, increased blood pressure, protein in the urine and changes in blood clotting.

Which of the following is NOT a sensory external force that influences our eating Smell Texture Color Emotion/memory Taste

Emotion/memory

A synthetic form of Vitamin D = Ergocalciferol

Ergocalciferol

Which of the following would be an example of a professional support that is part of a social support? Nutra system Jenny Craig Exercise physiologist Community college with a cooking class Weight Watchers app to track calories

Exercise physiologist

What is Extracellular fluid? = Extracellular fluid is the fluid outside of the cell.

Extracellular fluid is the fluid outside of the cell.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. A vitamin is an inorganic micronutrient that regulates body processes - FALSE: A vitamin is an organic micronutrient that regulates body processes.

FALSE: A vitamin is an organic micronutrient that regulates body processes.

True or false. An individual with a BMI of >26 is eligible for drastic weight loss measures like taking medications or surgery - FALSE: An individual with a BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks is eligible for drastic weight loss measures like taking medications or surgery

FALSE: An individual with a BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks is eligible for drastic weight loss measures like taking medications or surgery

True or false. If the statement is false, explain why it is false. Chain breaking describes how certain factors can prevent us from reaching our weight loss goals - FALSE: Behavior modification describes how certain factors can prevent us from reaching our weight loss goals. Chain breaking is breaking the tie that connects two or more behaviors that encourage overeating.

FALSE: Behavior modification describes how certain factors can prevent us from reaching our weight loss goals. Chain breaking is breaking the tie that connects two or more behaviors that encourage overeating.

Current recommendations are for 30-45 minutes of activity per day for adults. - FALSE: Current recommendations are for 60-90 minutes of activity per day for adults

FALSE: Current recommendations are for 60-90 minutes of activity per day for adults

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. Foods that are high in sugar are also good sources of fiber - FALSE: Foods that are often high in starch are good sources of fiber.

FALSE: Foods that are often high in starch are good sources of fiber.

True or False. If false explain why it is false. Intrinsic factor is the hormone responsible for controlling the concentration of acid in the stomach - FALSE: Gastrin is the hormone responsible for controlling the concentration of acid in the stomach OR Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed.

FALSE: Gastrin is the hormone responsible for controlling the concentration of acid in the stomach OR Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed.

Gastrin is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed - FALSE: Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed. OR Gastrin is a hormone that increases the concentration of acid in the stomach

FALSE: Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed. OR Gastrin is a hormone that increases the concentration of acid in the stomach

True or false. Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 30 minutes can be just as beneficial - FALSE: Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial.

FALSE: Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial.

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. The MyPlate message of balance has to do with the idea increasing the consumption for some groups and limiting the consumption of others - FALSE: The MyPlate message of moderation has to do with the idea of increasing the consumption for some groups and limiting the consumption of others. OR The MyPlate message of balance has to do with the concepts of calories and portion size.

FALSE: The MyPlate message of moderation has to do with the idea of increasing the consumption for some groups and limiting the consumption of others. OR The MyPlate message of balance has to do with the concepts of calories and portion size.

True and false. The daily standards of calorie control for females is 1,300 and 1,600 for males - FALSE: The daily standards of calorie control for females is 1,200 and 1,500 for males

FALSE: The daily standards of calorie control for females is 1,200 and 1,500 for males

Which type of diffusion can move substances down concentration gradients utilizing a transporter, Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

True or False. If False, explain why it is false. Essential vitamins are synthesized by the human body and must be consumed in the diet.

False Most essential vitamins can not be synthesized by the human body. They must be consumed in the diet

True or false. When strength training, protein is the most important nutrient for optimum performance. - False when strength training, carbohydrates are the most important nutrient for optimum performance.

False when strength training, carbohydrates are the most important nutrient for optimum performance.

True or false. If false, rewrite to make the statement true. Nurture is the influence of genetic factors that play a role in body composition - False, Nature is the influence of genetic factors that play a role in body composition.

False, Nature is the influence of genetic factors that play a role in body composition.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. High consumption of protein is necessary to build muscle in strength training. - False, Resistance exercise is what builds the muscle in strength training. OR Carbohydrates are the most important nutrient for optimum performance.

False, Resistance exercise is what builds the muscle in strength training. OR Carbohydrates are the most important nutrient for optimum performance.

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the oxygen units together - False, The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link CARBON units together.

False, The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link CARBON units together.

Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes including digestive processes, absorption and being an energy source - False, Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes including digestive processes, absorption and metabolism. OR Vitamins are not an energy source for cells

False, Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes including digestive processes, absorption and metabolism. OR Vitamins are not an energy source for cells

True or False. Prolactin stimulates the lobules in the breast, which in turn stimulates the letdown reflex - False, oxytocin stimulates the lobules in the breast, which in turn stimulates the letdown reflex or prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland to produce breastmilk

False, oxytocin stimulates the lobules in the breast, which in turn stimulates the letdown reflex or prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland to produce breastmilk

True or false, if false explain why it is false. The B complex vitamins and vitamin C are examples of fat soluble vitamins = False, the B complex vitamins and vitamin C are examples of water soluble vitamins

False, the B complex vitamins and vitamin C are examples of water soluble vitamins

True or false, The gallbladder produces bile for digestion and excess is stored in the liver - False, the liver produces bile for digestion and it is stored in the gallbladder

False, the liver produces bile for digestion and it is stored in the gallbladder

True or False. When initiating an exercise routine one should start with 60 minutes daily.

False, when initiation an exercise routine one should start with 30 minutes daily.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. WIC is available to pregnant and lactating women and their children through the age of 10. - False- WIC is available to pregnant and lactating women and their children through the age of 5.

False- WIC is available to pregnant and lactating women and their children through the age of 5.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. Prolactin is a thick yellowish substance rich in protein and immune factors - False. Colostrum is a thick yellowish substance rich in protein and immune factors. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland to produce milk.

False. Colostrum is a thick yellowish substance rich in protein and immune factors. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland to produce milk.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. The water soluble vitamins have a high likelihood of being toxic if consumed in high amounts.

False. Water soluble vitamins have a low likelhood of being toxic if consumed in high amounts. This is due to its ability to easily be destoryed, easily dissolve, easily absorb, and the limited storage capacity in the body.

True or false. High blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia - False: High blood sugar levels are referred to as hyperglycemia OR Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.

False: High blood sugar levels are referred to as hyperglycemia. OR Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. Science now shows that individuals must be active for a continuous period of 60 minutes for it to be beneficial. - False: Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial.

False: Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial.

True or False. If false, explain why it is false. Nutritional value and taste are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North America - False: Taste and texture are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North America.

False: Taste and texture are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North America.

True or false. The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the oxygen units together - False: The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the carbon units together

False: The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the carbon units together

True or false. When fewer calories than normal are used to maintain body function it is referred to as set point theory - False: When fewer calories than normal are used to maintain body function it is referred to as a thrifty metabolism OR The theory that states each of us has a genetically predetermined body weight and the body resists change beyond that point is referred to as set point theory

False: When fewer calories than normal are used to maintain body function it is referred to as a thrifty metabolism OR The theory that states each of us has a genetically predetermined body weight and the body resists change beyond that point is referred to as set point theory

Why are ketones produced to meet the energy needs in pregnancy - Fat is being used for energy. There is inadequate carbohydrate intake

Fat is being used for energy. There is inadequate carbohydrate intake

Jill enjoys walking and some group activities on the weekends. Jill wants to know how much water she should be consuming to stay hydrated. Explain to Jill the general recommendations for total fluid intake and the amount from fluids alone for females. Females require 11 cups of total fluid a day and 9 cups from fluids alone

Females require 11 cups of total fluid a day and 9 cups from fluids alone

Define the term Food Insecurity. - Food insecurity is inadequate food for everyone in the family, or the quality and variety of food is inadequate to meet nutrient needs.

Food insecurity is inadequate food for everyone in the family, or the quality and variety of food is inadequate to meet nutrient needs.

Define the term Food Jag - Food jag is the desire to eat the same foods or a certain color of food at each meal

Food jag is the desire to eat the same foods or a certain color of food at each meal

What is the definition of a nutrient-dense food? List 1 example of a nutrient dense food - Foods that contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals that our bodies use as fuel. Examples: Any fruit or vegetable would count as a nutrient dense food.

Foods that contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals that our bodies use as fuel. Examples: Any fruit or vegetable would count as a nutrient dense food.

What is the definition of an empty calorie food - A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Foods that contain a lot of calories but have little to no nutritional value (lack vitamins and minerals) Examples: junk foods, soda, juice, fast food, etc.

Explain the process of Fortification - Fortification is the process of supplementing a product with vitamins that would not normally be in the food product.

Fortification is the process of supplementing a product with vitamins that would not normally be in the food product.

You purchase a container of apple juice marketed for children. The label states that this juice contains vitamin D and E. This is an example of a product that has been _____. Fortified - vitamins added to a product that are not normally in the food product

Fortified - vitamins added to a product that are not normally in the food product

Which of the following individuals would be more likely to be dehydrated and not recognize that they are thirsty? Grace, a 90 year old widow Frank, a twenty five year old teacher Baily, an active three year old Jill, a middle aged secretary

Frank, a twenty five year old teacher

According to MyPlate, _____ should make up 50% of the plate. Vegetables and Proteins Protein Grains Fruits and vegetables Grains and fruit

Fruits and vegetables

stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats - gallbladder

Gallbladder

Gastric balloon is an additional approach for weight loss surgery. A gastric balloon is made out of soft silicone and the deflated form is inserted through your esophagus into the stomach

Gastric balloon

Gastric banding is when an adjustable gastric band can be inflated or deflated to control the size of the stomach

Gastric banding

Gastroplasty or stomach stapling works by reducing the stomach capacity and bypassing a small portion of the small intestine

Gastroplasty

Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels, Excess glucose is stored as glycogen, The pancreas influences blood sugar regulation, High blood sugar is called hyperglycemia, Hormones are responsible for control

Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels

Besides the distracting painful sensation of hunger, explain the physiological reason why a child who is hungry may experience difficulty concentrating in class. - Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain. Without food, glucose levels (blood sugar levels) decline ands the ability to learn and concentrate is impaired.

Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain. Without food, glucose levels (blood sugar levels) decline ands the ability to learn and concentrate is impaired.

Briefly explain to Sam what is occurring in an individual who has a goiter. Include the mineral that is deficient - Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a deficiency of iodide.

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a deficiency of iodide.

Which of the following are true concerning the Healthy People program? Select all that apply. 1.Government sponsored program to improve the nation's health 2.Reviews and updates the Nutrition Facts labels 3.The program is updated every 10 years 4.The programs focus is to encourage physical fitness

Government sponsored program to improve the nation's health The program is updated every 10 years The programs focus is to encourage physical fitness

List two examples of Cognitive external forces that can influence eating habits and comment on your personal experience with each of them - Habits, Comfort foods, Advertising, Social Factors, Nutritional Value

Habits, Comfort foods, Advertising, Social Factors, Nutritional Value

You are grocery shopping and notice on a bag of steel cut oats, there is a heart and it says "Oatmeal may help to reduce cholesterol!". Which type of claim would this advertising be - Nutrient claim Structure/function claim Preliminary health claim Health claim

Health claim

Which form of iron is most easily absorbed? What types of food contain this type of iron? Heme iron is most easily absorbed. It is found in animal flesh (meats)

Heme iron is most easily absorbed. It is found in animal flesh (meats)

What are the three factors that impact the absorption of iron - Heme vs. nonheme iron (type of iron), iron status and diet ( nutrient interactions)

Heme vs. nonheme iron (type of iron), iron status and diet ( nutrient interactions)

Name three factors that may negatively affect iron absorption - High fiber intake or Pica both adversely affects absorption. Zinc supplements can also interfere with iron absorption as well as other minerals.

High fiber intake or Pica both adversely affects absorption. Zinc supplements can also interfere with iron absorption as well as other minerals.

Which of the following should be avoided because of a choking hazard in young children? Select all that apply. - Hamburgers Excess Juice Hot Dogs Popcorn

Hot Dogs Popcorn

Describe hunger and appetite, including their associated drives and sensations in the answer - Hunger is an internal drive associated with churning, growling, or pain in the stomach. Appetite is an external drive associated with pleasant food sensations and leads us to eat when not hungry

Hunger is an internal drive associated with churning, growling, or pain in the stomach. Appetite is an external drive associated with pleasant food sensations and leads us to eat when not hungry

What is the difference between hunger and appetite - Hunger: Internal drive that prompts negative sensations for us to find food and eat Appetite: External drive that is a positive sensation; a desire to consume specific foods.

Hunger: Internal drive that prompts negative sensations for us to find food and eat Appetite: External drive that is a positive sensation; a desire to consume specific foods.

Hypogeusia results when an individual is deficient in what mineral? - Hypogeusia results when an individual is deficient in the mineral Zinc. It is defined as the decreased ability to taste.

Hypogeusia results when an individual is deficient in the mineral Zinc. It is defined as the decreased ability to taste.

One of your patient's reports a reduced sense of smell. You suspect a zinc deficiency and explain that a reduced sense of smell is a condition called ___ - Hyposmia (Anosmia is complete loss of smell)

Hyposmia (Anosmia is complete loss of smell)

Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Include cause, on-set, symptoms and treatment in your answer - In both type 1 and 2 diabetes blood glucose levels are high, or there is hyperglycemia, so both also have similar symptoms (excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and ketosis). Causes, treatment and time of onset are different between type 1 and 2 diabetes: -Type 1 is when the pancreas doesn't make any insulin, treatment is exogenous insulin and generally has onset in childhood-early adulthood and is rarer than type 2. -Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, treatment includes insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs, it is linked to being overweight/diet, and generally has an onset in adulthood

In both type 1 and 2 diabetes blood glucose levels are high, or there is hyperglycemia, so both also have similar symptoms (excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and ketosis). Causes, treatment and time of onset are different between type 1 and 2 diabetes: -Type 1 is when the pancreas doesn't make any insulin, treatment is exogenous insulin and generally has onset in childhood-early adulthood and is rarer than type 2. -Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, treatment includes insulin and oral anti-diabetic drugs, it is linked to being overweight/diet, and generally has an onset in adulthood

As you review Joy's lab work, you note that her hemoglobin level is low. This indicates insufficient intake of what mineral - Inadequate intake of iron will lead to low hemoglobin levels.

Inadequate intake of iron will lead to low hemoglobin levels.

Explain the term Intuitive Eating. - Intuitive eating is learning to listen to internal cues on hunger and satiety.

Intuitive eating is learning to listen to internal cues on hunger and satiety.

During World War 1, the medical community noted an increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with Goiter. This led to a mandatory fortification program. Salt must now be fortified with what?

Iodide

Goiter - Iodide Type 2 diabetes - Chromium Hypogeusia - Zinc Mottling - Fluoride

Iodide, chromium, zinc, fluoride

What are ions? - Ions are minerals that have an electrical charge and are called electrolytes.

Ions are minerals that have an electrical charge and are called electrolytes.

Chad had his hemoglobin and hematocrit levels checked at his latest doctor visit. What mineral is part of the hemoglobin? - Iron is a part of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells

Iron is a part of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells

Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than omega 3 - It has to do with the types of foods the essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain in our diets

It has to do with the types of foods the essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain in our diets

Jake is 5 months old. You have started to offer baby cereal on a spoon, but Jake continues to push the food out of his mouth. What is the name for what Jake is doing, and why is it occurring - Jake is experiencing the extrusion reflex, and is not ready to eat the cereal

Jake is experiencing the extrusion reflex, and is not ready to eat the cereal

Jenn is a pregnant female. During her recent OB appointment, her obstetrician expressed concern because she had ketones in her urine. What would be causing her ketones in her urine - Jenns intake of carbohydrates as an energy source is too low and she is using fat for energy. Ketones are a byproduct of fat being used as an energy source.

Jenns intake of carbohydrates as an energy source is too low and she is using fat for energy. Ketones are a byproduct of fat being used as an energy source.

Julie is 25 years of age. She wants to know what her maximum heart rate and her target zone should be when exercising. Calculate her maximum heart rate and target zone showing your work. - Julies maximum heart rate would be 220-25 = 195, 60% of = 117, 90% of = 176, maximum heart rate : 195, target zone : 117-176

Julies maximum heart rate would be 220-25 = 195 60% of = 117 90% of = 176 maximum heart rate : 195 target zone : 117-176

You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A baby presents with edema in the legs and abdomen, mild weight loss, and his grandmother reports he is listless and fatigued. He was recently weaned and now obtains most of his calories from a powdered grain supplement. What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? - Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor

Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health. Explain where it is made, its main components, function - LDL is a remnant of VLDL that forms in the blood as VLDL loses its triglyceride content, it is mostly made of cholesterol and some triglyceride, and it's function is to transport cholesterol to the body's cells. Since it is already full of cholesterol, high levels indicate poor cardiovascular health as the excess cholesterol builds up in arteries

LDL is a remnant of VLDL that forms in the blood as VLDL loses its triglyceride content, it is mostly made of cholesterol and some triglyceride, and it's function is to transport cholesterol to the body's cells. Since it is already full of cholesterol, high levels indicate poor cardiovascular health as the excess cholesterol builds up in arteries

List 4 physical consequences of hunger. - Lack of energy, declining glucose levels, impaired ability to learn and concentrate, increased risk of disease and delayed healing, declining metabolic rate, muscle breakdown

Lack of energy, declining glucose levels, impaired ability to learn and concentrate, increased risk of disease and delayed healing, declining metabolic rate, muscle breakdown

Sarcopenia is a loss of what type of Tissue - Lean muscle or muscle mass

Lean muscle or muscle mass

the hormone that alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. - Leptin

Leptin

List 3 hormones associated with satiety. Explain how at least 1 works to decrease hunger -Leptin -alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. Serotonin - affects motility and communicates with the brain for satiety. Cholecystokinin (CCK) - slows down stomach emptying to give a feeling of fullness (also increases bile production and release from gallbladder).

Leptin -alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. Serotonin - affects motility and communicates with the brain for satiety. Cholecystokinin (CCK) - slows down stomach emptying to give a feeling of fullness (also increases bile production and release from gallbladder).

A pharmaceutical company is interested in designing a drug to combat obesity. First, list 2 hormones involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety and state their function. Then, explain why the pharmaceutical would target these to treat obesity - Leptin alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. By sensitizing the patient to leptin or triggering it's activity in the brain, the patient would feel fuller and eat less. Ghrelin stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center. The drug company could block ghrelin and decrease the feeling of hunger so the patient's eat less.

Leptin alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. By sensitizing the patient to leptin or triggering it's activity in the brain, the patient would feel fuller and eat less. Ghrelin stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center. The drug company could block ghrelin and decrease the feeling of hunger so the patient's eat less.

Lipids surround by a shell of protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol - Lipoprotein A sterol that contains no glycerol backbone - cholesterol - cholesterol A fatty acid chain containing a single double bond between carbon atoms - monounsaturated fatty acid A fatty acid chain with two or more carbon-carbon double bonds - polyunsaturated fatty acid

Lipoprotein Cholesterol monounsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid

produces bile to break down fats - liver

Liver

Define the term Low Birth Weight - Low Birth Weight-An infant weighing less than 5.5 pounds, regardless of gestational age

Low Birth Weight-An infant weighing less than 5.5 pounds, regardless of gestational age

Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation Glucagon helps to raise blood sugar levels, Excess glucose is stored as glycogen, The pancreas influences blood sugar regulation, Low blood sugar is called hyperglycemia, Glucagon and insulin are responsible for blood glucose control

Low blood sugar is called hyperglycemia

Joy has come in for her annual physical. As you complete her physical you note that she appears tired and pale. Upon further discussion she shares that she has no appetite and is always cold. What mineral deficiency do you suspect? Low iron levels (or anemia)

Low iron levels (or anemia)

A deficiency in iron will lead to what condition - Low red blood cells and Anemia (iron deficiency anemia)

Low red blood cells and Anemia (iron deficiency anemia)

When establishing a fitness routine, the focus should be on: Select all that apply - Increasing one's muscle size Maintaining flexibility Varying ones routine Setting specific goals Focusing on weight loss

Maintaining flexibility Varying ones routine Setting specific goals

Explain the difference between major minerals and trace minerals. - Major minerals are required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams. Trace minerals are required in amounts less than 100 milligrams daily.

Major minerals are required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams. Trace minerals are required in amounts less than 100 milligrams daily.

List the daily standards of calorie control for males and females -Males - 1,500 calories Females - 1,200 calories

Males - 1,500 calories Females - 1,200 calories

You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A mother brings a child to the clinic who has had severe weight loss, has a skin and bones appearance and severe growth impairment. What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? - Marasmus

Marasmus

Explain how to calculate an individual's maximum heart rate. - Maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting your age from 220

Maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting your age from 220

Which of the following are benefits of breastfeeding. Choose all that apply - May lower the risk of breast cancer for mom Meets the infants nutritional needs better than formula Quicker recovery time for mom Decreased incidence of ear infections in the infant

May lower the risk of breast cancer for mom Meets the infants nutritional needs better than formula Quicker recovery time for mom Decreased incidence of ear infections in the infant

Along with nutrition label reading and keep a food journal, what are at least 2 more recommended behaviors for controlling calories - Measuring portion sizes, limiting high fat foods

Measuring portion sizes limiting high fat foods

List a treatment for ulcers/peptic ulcers - Medical treatments (antibiotics, drugs that block/reduce acid production, and protect lining of stomach) and lifestyle changes (decrease stress, stop smoking and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms)

Medical treatments (antibiotics, drugs that block/reduce acid production, and protect lining of stomach) and lifestyle changes (decrease stress, stop smoking and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms)

List the 3 drastic weight loss measures that can be taken if an individual has a BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks - Medications, Extremely low-calorie diet, Surgery

Medications Extremely low-calorie diet Surgery

For individuals with a BMI of >30, drastic weight loss measures can be taken like medications to help the patient lose weight. Pick one medication and explain how it helps someone to lose weight and a specific example (name of drug or class) - Medications can be used to treat weight loss by being a stimulant and increasing energy to burn more calories (ex. amphetamines); Medications can decrease hunger sensation and be an appetite reduction drug (ex. Meridia) work for people who eat a fairly healthy diet but consume excess quantities; drugs can decrease fat absorption by inhibiting enzymes that break down fat (ex. Orlistat aka Xenical or Alli.)

Medications can be used to treat weight loss by being a stimulant and increasing energy to burn more calories (ex. amphetamines); Medications can decrease hunger sensation and be an appetite reduction drug (ex. Meridia) work for people who eat a fairly healthy diet but consume excess quantities; drugs can decrease fat absorption by inhibiting enzymes that break down fat (ex. Orlistat aka Xenical or Alli.)

Which population would be least likely to experience malnutrition1. Moderate middle class family 2. Children living in the inner city 3. A 85 year old widow 4. Homeless individual

Moderate middle class family

List 3 organs of the gastrointestinal tract and state their functions - Mouth - hold and mechanically digests food Esophagus - passageway for food Stomach - Hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digests it Small intestine - Site of digestion and absorption of nutrients Large intestine - Reabsorbs water and some vitamins Rectum - Passes undigested foodstuffs from the body

Mouth - hold and mechanically digests food Esophagus - passageway for food Stomach - Hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digests it Small intestine - Site of digestion and absorption of nutrients Large intestine - Reabsorbs water and some vitamins Rectum - Passes undigested foodstuffs from the body

What is the difference between essential vs nonessential amino acids - Nonessential amino acids can be manufactured by the body or converted from other existing matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids are 9 amino acids that we must consume through the diet as our bodies cannot naturally synthesize them

Nonessential amino acids can be manufactured by the body or converted from other existing matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids. Essential amino acids are 9 amino acids that we must consume through the diet as our bodies cannot naturally synthesize them

You are grocery shopping and comparing salad dressings. One bottle of French Dressing is advertised as "fat free" and another as" reduced fat". Which type of claim would this advertising be Nutrient claim Structure/function claim Preliminary health claim Health claim

Nutrient claim

Along with keeping a food journal and measuring portion sizes, what are at least 2 more recommended behaviors for controlling calories? - Nutrition label reading limiting high-fat foods limiting empty calorie foods/foods high in sugar

Nutrition label reading limiting high-fat foods limiting empty calorie foods/foods high in sugar

Along with keeping a food journal and measuring portion sizes, what are at least 2 more recommended behaviors for controlling calories - Nutrition label reading, limiting high-fat foods, limiting empty calorie foods/foods high in sugar

Nutrition label reading limiting high-fat foods limiting empty calorie foods/foods high in sugar

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive external force that influences our eating Nutritional value Comfort foods Religious beliefs Habits Social factors

Nutritional value

Define the term Middle Adulthood. Provide two unique needs that occur during this period of life - Occurs between the ages of 51 - 70 years. Two unique needs include: juggling schedules, adjusting to "empty nest syndrome" and dealing with elderly parents

Occurs between the ages of 51 - 70 years. Two unique needs include: juggling schedules, adjusting to "empty nest syndrome" and dealing with elderly parents

Starting at the oral cavity list the path of food it would travel to reach the anus - Oral cavity --> esophagus -->stomach -->small intestine -- >large intestine (colon) -->rectum -->anus

Oral cavity - esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine (colon) -rectum -anus

releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down food - pancreas

Pancreas

Barry Sears, Ph.D. is a biochemist who wrote best-selling diet books to describe his diet he calls The Zone. His diet promises slow weight loss, that is not due to water or muscle loss, but all fat. The idea is to be in the "zone" by eating the right ratio of protein (⅓), carbs (⅔) and a tiny amount of fat. The diet allows for eating low-fat proteins from meat sources, "good fats" from olive oil or nuts, and fruits and vegetables without high sugar content. Carbohydrates and starches from grains, pasta/bread, potatoes, corn, bananas, etc. are restricted. Calories are restricted to 1,200 for women and 1,500 for men. The Zone website says the diet will "help you shed excess pounds, and improve your mental and physical performance while living a more fulfilling life." Dr. Sears sells over 12 books/cookbooks and while it is not necessary for the diet, his site sells supplements, Zone pasta, Zone snack bars, Zone shakes and foods - Part 1: Yes, options for evidence include: quick weight loss, celebrity endorsement, limited selection of foods, expensive (juicer necessary), cure all (energy, better health, decreased inflammation), does not recognize role of exercise Part 2: Low Carbohydrate as it restricts carbohydrates and starches

Part 1: Yes, options for evidence include: quick weight loss, celebrity endorsement, limited selection of foods, expensive (juicer necessary), cure all (energy, better health, decreased inflammation), does not recognize role of exercise Part 2: Low Carbohydrate as it restricts carbohydrates and starches

Part 1: Is the Paleo diet a fad diet? List at least 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. Part 2: Based on the description of the diet, what type of diet category (calorie restriction, low fat, low carb, novelty) does it fit? Explain your answer. - 1: Yes, options for evidence include: quick weight loss, celebrity endorsement, limited selection of foods, expensive , cure all, does not recognize role of exercise 2: Low Carbohydrate because of the grain restrictions

Part 1: Yes, options for evidence include: quick weight loss, celebrity endorsement, limited selection of foods, expensive , cure all, does not recognize role of exercise Part 2: Low Carbohydrate because of the grain restrictions

Which type of diffusion can move substances easily in and out of cells down concentration gradients through the cell membrane, Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Osmosis

Passive diffusion

Paul is a 50 year old male. Julie is a 30 year old female. Would his maximum heart rate be higher or lower than Julie's maximum heart rate? Paul= 220-50=170 beats per minute, Julies = 220-30=190 beats per minute, pauls would be lower

Paul= 220-50=170 beats per minute, Julies = 220-30=190 beats per minute, pauls would be lower

Breastfeeding is recommended for the first year of life. However there are numerous factors that can influence a woman's decision to breastfeed.Choose all of the factors that can influence a woman's decision - Physical ability Education on the benefits of breastfeeding social concerns and norms Work

Physical ability Education on the benefits of breastfeeding social concerns and norms Work

Provide an example of one physiological and one psychosocial factor related to aging - Physiological factors include any of the following: sarcopenia, skeletal system changes, digestive system changes, sarcopenic obesity, chronic disease, and medications. Psychosocial factors include any of the following: social isolation, depression, dementia, Alzheimer's, and economic factors.

Physiological factors include any of the following: sarcopenia, skeletal system changes, digestive system changes, sarcopenic obesity, chronic disease, and medications. Psychosocial factors include any of the following: social isolation, depression, dementia, Alzheimer's, and economic factors.

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

Name at least 2 examples of when positive energy balance is necessary - Pregnancy and growth spurts in childhood and adolescence

Pregnancy and growth spurts in childhood and adolescence

List at least 3 items that are typically presented on a food label - Product name Name and address of the manufacturer Serving size Amount of product in the package Ingredient listed in descending order Nutrition facts

Product name Name and address of the manufacturer Serving size Amount of product in the package Ingredient listed in descending order Nutrition facts

Paul is in high school and participates in several sports. He does not like the taste of water and prefers sports beverages. You want to encourage Paul to drink more water. State two functions of water that you would share with Paul. - Regulates body temperature, allows sweating to occur, transports waste products, increases blood volume

Regulates body temperature, allows sweating to occur, transports waste products, increases blood volume

Along with aerobic exercise, list the 2 other categories of physical exercise shown to be beneficial to overall health - Resistance (or strength) training, stretching

Resistance (or strength) training, stretching

releases saliva containing enzymes that chemically digest food - salivary glands

Salivary glands

List one of the GI tract's accessory organs and its function for digestion - Salivary glands: releases saliva containing enzymes that chemically digest food Liver - produces bile to break down fats Gallbladder - stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats Pancreas - releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down food

Salivary glands: releases saliva containing enzymes that chemically digest food Liver - produces bile to break down fats Gallbladder - stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats Pancreas - releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down food

What term refers to a loss of muscle mass that occurs as an individual ages? -Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia

the hormone that affects motility and communicates with the brain for satiety - Serotonin

Serotonin

Choose the statement that best describes Disordered Eating1. Long term excessive food restrictions 2. Includes a diagnosis of Anorexia nervosa 3. Body acceptance but makes diet changes 4. Short term change in normal eating habits

Short term change in normal eating habits

Patrick was comparing two nutrition labels for snacks at the grocery store. Snack #1 had 168 calories per serving and 7 g of total fat Snack #2 had 195 calories and 5 g of fat. Which snack would be the better choice for Patrick's weight loss goals and why - Snack #1 because when looking at labels and comparing products, remember that calories are important, regardless of whether they come from fat, carbohydrates, or protein.

Snack #1 because when looking at labels and comparing products, remember that calories are important, regardless of whether they come from fat, carbohydrates, or protein.

Following the DASH diet will lower the consumption of what mineral? Why would one follow the DASH diet - Sodium intake will decline. DASH will lower the risk for hypertension and increase fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy products

Sodium intake will decline. DASH will lower the risk for hypertension and increase fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy products

Extracellular water volume relies on _______and ________ concentrations. Sodium, chloride Potassium, phosphate Potassium, sodium Phosphate, chloride

Sodium, chloride

Explain what digestive ailments can be addressed by (1) soluble and (2) insoluble fiber. Make sure to address how each type of fiber works in your answer - Soluble fiber slows glucose absorption and fat, so it's associated with lowering cholesterol (and it provides satiety). Soluble fiber dissolves in water creating an intestinal barrier to block absorption. Insoluble fiber can improve constipation. It does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria so it increases stool mass and speed of passage through the large intestine

Soluble fiber slows glucose absorption and fat, so it's associated with lowering cholesterol (and it provides satiety). Soluble fiber dissolves in water creating an intestinal barrier to block absorption. Insoluble fiber can improve constipation. It does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria so it increases stool mass and speed of passage through the large intestine

Paul is in high school and participates in several sports. He does not like the taste of water and prefers sports beverages. Discuss two benefits of drinking sports beverages that you would share with Paul. - Sports beverages contain carbohydrates that supply energy, easily absorbed source of energy, replaces electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

Sports beverages contain carbohydrates that supply energy, easily absorbed source of energy, replaces electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

Jill is trying to reduce her calories and increase her activity level to lose weight. Her favorite go to snack for when she is bored, hungry, stressed, watching TV, etc. are salt and vinegar potato chips. She always keeps a bag or two in her pantry. On a recent grocery store trip, Jill decided to not purchase any chips so that her house would be void of them for the next week. What kind of behavior modification is Jill demonstrating? - Stimulus control

Stimulus control

Match the following scenario with the correct aging process. Usual Aging/Successful Aging, Dean has been a semi vegetarian for several years and practices yoga three times a week. At the age of 70 he takes one blood pressure pill but has no other health concerns and remains active - Successful aging as Dean makes good lifestyle choices and his signs of aging are due to age.

Successful aging as Dean makes good lifestyle choices and his signs of aging are due to age.

For individuals with a BMI of >30, drastic weight loss measures can be taken like surgery. Explain how bariatric surgery works to help someone lose weight and name a specific example and how it works - FALSE: An individual with a BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks is eligible for drastic weight loss measures like taking medications or surgery

Surgeries can restrict the size of the stomach so larger quantities of food make the patient uncomfortable or sick.

List at least 3 symptoms of metabolic syndrome or syndrome X - Symptoms that include: excess abdominal fat hyperglycemia high triglycerides low HDL hypertension.

Symptoms that include: excess abdominal fat hyperglycemia high triglycerides low HDL hypertension.

Which of the following would be an example of a weight loss program that is part of a social support - Hospitals Community colleges that offer classes TOPS Physician Dietitian

TOPS

Define target zone as related to heart rate - Target zone is 60% - 90% of a person's maximum heart rate

Target zone is 60% - 90% of a person's maximum heart rate

Chloe wants to lower her blood pressure and decrease her sodium intake. What type of diet would you recommend?

The DASH Diet or a diet focused on fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy products. (The Mediterranean Diet would also be acceptable)

Define the term bioavailability. = The amount of a substance (like a vitamin) that is absorbed and available to the body.

The amount of a substance (like a vitamin) that is absorbed and available to the body.

Which of the following are true except: The average adult requires 8 cups of fluid per day 2.A water loss greater than 3% can affect an athletes performance 3.Water regulates body temperature 4.Urine should be clear or pale in color

The average adult requires 8 cups of fluid per day

What is a biochemical assessment - The biochemical assessment involves measurement and examination of the nutrients or levels in someones blood, urine, and/or feces.

The biochemical assessment involves measurement and examination of the nutrients or levels in someones blood, urine, and/or feces.

You are counseling an obese 26 year old male. He is confused as to why his recent dietary changes are not resulting in weight loss. He shares with you that he has stocked his fridge and pantry with only lowfat and fat-free foods. Explain to him why these types of foods may be detrimental to his weight loss goals - The calorie difference between low-fat and its regular counterpart can be marginal as extra sugar (or salt) can be used to improve the taste. Additionally, the lack of fat or simply the knowledge that the product is lower in calories, may lead you to actually eat more of a low-fat product. The end result is often the consumption of more calories than if you had just ingested the regular product initially

The calorie difference between low-fat and its regular counterpart can be marginal as extra sugar (or salt) can be used to improve the taste. Additionally, the lack of fat or simply the knowledge that the product is lower in calories, may lead you to actually eat more of a low-fat product. The end result is often the consumption of more calories than if you had just ingested the regular product initially

Why can foods advertised as "low-fat" and "fat-free" really not be advantageous for weight loss - The calorie difference between low-fat and its regular counterpart can be marginal as extra sugar (or salt) can be used to improve the taste. Additionally, the lack of fat or simply the knowledge that the product is lower in calories, may lead you to actually eat more of a low-fat product. The end result is often the consumption of more calories than if you had just ingested the regular product initially.

Explain the difference between Internal and External drives that influence our desire to eat - The internal drive is hunger and is associated with negative sensations like churning, growling and pain in the stomach. External drives have to do with appetite and are associated with positive food sensations and lead us to eat when we are not hungry.

The internal drive is hunger and is associated with negative sensations like churning, growling and pain in the stomach. External drives have to do with appetite and are associated with positive food sensations and lead us to eat when we are not hungry.

Good indicators of water loss during an athletic event include: - 1. The level of activity and duration 2. urine color 3. body weight changes 4. thirst

The level of activity and duration urine color body weight change

Which macromolecule type plays a role in contributing to acid/base balance, immune function and body regulation? - macromolecule protein

The macromolecule protein.

List a dietary treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Therapy includes frequent small meals, low fat meals, high fiber intake, probiotics, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms: gas producing foods (such as beans), milk products, alcohol, caffeine, and fat

Therapy includes frequent small meals, low fat meals, high fiber intake, probiotics, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms: gas producing foods (such as beans), milk products, alcohol, caffeine, and fat

Fat-soluble vitamins have all the following characteristics except: They are organic They provide energy Are absorbed into the lymph system Are stored in large quantites

They are organic

Explain why older adults are at risk for dehydration - They lose their thirst sensation and frequently mistake hunger for thirst.

They lose their thirst sensation and frequently mistake hunger for thirst.

Minerals required in amounts less than 100 milligrams daily are categorized as __ minerals. Those required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams are categorized as __ minerals. Trace, Major

Trace, Major

Chylomicron - Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells

Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells

Which of the following individuals would be least likely to experience dehydration and not know it? Caleb, who has been ill with a fever Jed, an 85 year old widower Jen, a professional soccer player Trey, a 27 year old accountant

Trey, a 27 year old accountant

True or False. If False, explain why it is false. Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes. These include digestive processes, absorption and metabolism.

True

True or False. If False, explain why it is false. Essential vitamins are not synthesized by the human body and must be consumed in the diet. - true

True

True or False. If False, explain why it is false. Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes. These include digestive processes, absorption and metabolism.

True

True or False. If false, rewrite to make the statement true. - When initiating an exercise routine one should start with 30 minutes daily.

True

True or false, if false explain why it is false Vitamins A,D, E and K are considered fat soluble vitamins

True

True or false. For patients who are overweight, they must work to control calories, increase physical activity and have behavior modification - True

True

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. For underweight individuals controlling calories is done in terms of increasing calories.- True

True

True or false. If false, explain why it is false. Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia - True

True

True or false. Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed - True

True

True or false. Intuitive eating can be a key strategy in preventing eating disorders

True

True or false. Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial - True

True

True or false. The B complex vitamins and vitamin C have minimal storage in the body and must be consumed daily - True

True

True or false: Nutrition is the science that links foods to health disease - True

True

(A) Explain how type 2 diabetes occurs and the disease's symptoms, Type 2 diabetes is most commonly linked to being overweight and consuming a poor diet. Blood sugar levels remain high and are not properly regulated. When blood sugar rises, the pancreas is responsible for producing insulin. The release of insulin then triggers the liver to take up glucose from the blood and convert it into glycogen for storage and the muscles and cells to absorb glucose. When an individual has type 2 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin to bring blood sugar levels back down to normal or the body is resistant to insulin. The pancreas is overworked from the constant intake of excessive amounts of glucose.

Type 2 diabetes is most commonly linked to being overweight and consuming a poor diet. Blood sugar levels remain high and are not properly regulated. When blood sugar rises, the pancreas is responsible for producing insulin. The release of insulin then triggers the liver to take up glucose from the blood and convert it into glycogen for storage and the muscles and cells to absorb glucose. When an individual has type 2 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin to bring blood sugar levels back down to normal or the body is resistant to insulin. The pancreas is overworked from the constant intake of excessive amounts of glucose.

Compare and contrast (i.e. explain the similarities and differences) between undernutrition and overnutrition. Include the terms' definitions and how they influence health outcomes.

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both considered to be a state of malnutrition. Neither category is ideal and needs to be addressed and advised to get the individual to a desirable nutrition status. The difference between over and undernutrition is the total intake amount of nutrients and calories. If an individual falls into the undernutrition category they are not consuming enough nutrients to support a healthy body. These individuals become depleted and lethargic. If an individual falls into the overnutrition category they are overconsuming calories and nutrients.

Explain the difference between undernutrition and malnutrition - Undernutrition is a specific state when nutrient intake does not meet the needs of the body. Malnutrition relates to the ill-effects of an unbalanced diet and can come from either undernutrition or overnutrition.

Undernutrition is a specific state when nutrient intake does not meet the needs of the body. Malnutrition relates to the ill-effects of an unbalanced diet and can come from either undernutrition or overnutrition.

What is the most common form of malnutrition among the poor? - Undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition.

Undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition.

What are the 4 categories created by the Body Mass Index to compare one's height and weight? -Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obesity

Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obesity

Name a vitamin that iron absorption and immunity are dependent upon. Vitamin C

Vitamin C

Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin? Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin K Vitamin E

Vitamin C

List 2 vitamins or minerals that are lacking in a child's diet who is a vegetarian - Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, calcium, iron and zinc

Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, calcium, iron and zinc

Which of the 6 nutrient classes are NOT sources of energy? (Select all that apply): Vitamins Carbohydrate fat Protein Water Minerals

Vitamins water minerals

Jeff is a wrestler and has been trying to lose weight, he has restricted his intake of protein, sodium and especially fluids. Recently he noticed a change in the color of his urine and is dehydrated. State how Jeff's urine color has changed and explain why it has occurred. When there is inadequate fluid intake the urine becomes concentrated and appears darker in color. (Urine color should be pale to clear yellow.)

When there is inadequate fluid intake the urine becomes concentrated and appears darker in color. (Urine color should be pale to clear yellow.)

There are certain subpopulations in the United States that are at an increased risk for malnutrition. List two populations Working poor Isolated individuals homeless elderly Children

Working poor Isolated individuals homeless elderly Children

Which of the following is/are true regarding calorie needs during pregnancy? a. Quality is more important than quantity b. Focus on nutrient-dense foods c. Calorie needs double d. More calories are required during the second and third trimester

a. Quality is more important than quantity b. Focus on nutrient dense foods d. More calories are required during the second and third trimester

Which type of diffusion can move nutrients against the concentration from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, Passive diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport Osmosis

active transport

Which of the below would be a sound dietary suggestion to help an underweight person gain weight - add healthy fats to meals

add healthy fats to meals

Define inorganic - any substance that does not contain carbon

any substance that does not contain carbon

Jeff weighed 6 pounds at birth. If he has adequate nutrition and is growing at a normal pattern. Jeff should weigh approximately how many pounds at 6 months? - Around 20 pounds, around 18 pounds, around 9 pounds, around 12 pounds

around 12 pounds

Vitamins are considered both: a. Macronutrients and Inorganic b. Macronutrients and Organic c. Micronutrients and Organic d. Micronutrients and Inorganic

b. Macronutrients and Organic

_________ describes how certain factors can prevent us from reaching our weight loss goals - behavior modification

behavior modification

Certain minerals may contribute to high blood pressure Calcium Sodium Magnesium Chloride

calcium, sodium, magnesium

Which of the following is/are true regarding calories needs during pregnancy, a. calorie needs increase by 20% in the second and third trimester, b. during pregnancy a women is eating for two, c. nutrient needs increase by 100%, d. vitamins and minerals supply additional calories

calorie needs increase by 20% in the second and third trimester

Tom is on a diet restricting his consumption of amino acids. Which macromolecule would he be limiting - carbohydrate

carbohydrate

Optimal performance requires adequate energy and nutrient intake. List the macromolecule where the majority of energy intake should come from and provide one tissue where a form of this nutrient would be stored. - carbohydrates which are stored in the liver or muscle

carbohydrates which are stored in the liver or muscle

The form of vitamin A found in plant sources is called __1__, whereas the form of vitamin A found in animal sources is called __2_ - carotenoids, retinal or retinol

carotenoids, retinal or retinol

Lipoproteins include - chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

Briefly explain the Binge Purge Cycle. - consuming large quantities of food over a short period is referred to as a binge. Laxatives or vomiting are methods to get rid of excess calories. This is referred to as a purge. An individual alternates between the two.

consuming large quantities of food over a short period is referred to as a binge. Laxatives or vomiting are methods to get rid of excess calories. This is referred to as a purge. An individual alternates between the two.

List 1 dietary treatment for heartburn - eating smaller meals that are low in fat, chewing food well, avoiding overeating, and limiting coffee, tea, alcohol and certain spices waiting 2 hours after a meal before lying down sleep with the head of the bed elevated

eating smaller meals that are low in fat, chewing food well, avoiding overeating, and limiting coffee, tea, alcohol and certain spices waiting 2 hours after a meal before lying down sleep with the head of the bed elevated

Each of the following are physiological factors related to aging except, economic factors

economic factors

Sandra is a single mother and just delivered her first child. The nurse on the floor asks if Sandra is planning to breastfeed. Sandra hasn't considered breastfeeding as her mother, sisters, and aunts all nourished their infants with formula and she also thought to do the same. Also Sandra knew she would be returning to work in 6 weeks and really didn't see how she would breastfeed with her work environment and schedule. List at least 2 factors that are influencing Sandra's decision to use formula to feed her infant instead of breastmilk - education, social concerns, peer pressure and work

education, social concerns, peer pressure and work

True or false. An adult can not be obese and malnourished at the same time. - false, an adult can be both obese and malnourished

false, an adult can be both obese and malnourished

Vitamins contain both ____ and ____ forms. fat soluble; water soluble fat soluble; micro trace; macro micro; water soluble macro; fat soluble

fat soluble; water soluble

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a primary eating disorder1. anorexia nervosa 2. female athlete triad 3. bulima nervosa 4. binge-eating disorder

female athlete triad

Older adults consume excess amounts of each of the following except, fiber

fiber

What term describes "inadequate food to meet nutrient needs due to poor food quality and variety"? - food insecurity

food insecurity

Dana is a 4-year old who wants chicken nuggets at every meal. By definition, the desire to eat the same food at each meal is called a ____________ - food jag

food jag

Which of the following is the storage form of glucose,fructose, glycogen, disaccharides, fiber, monosaccharides

glycogen

According to the module, three factors affect an individual's aging process. These factors are lifestyle, environment and __ - heredity

heredity

List two minerals that must be increased during pregnancy - iron, zinc, and calcium

iron, zinc, and calcium

The central nervous system prefers to use glucose for energy, but if it is unavailable, the CNS can use __ - ketones

ketones

What enzyme primarily digests lactose, Sucrase, maltase, lactase, trehalase, amylase

lactase

Jill considers herself a vegetarian, and you observe her eating a salad with feta cheese, boiled eggs and a creamy dressing made with buttermilk. What type of diet is this considered - lacto-ovo vegetarian

lacto-ovo vegetarian

As an athlete, it is difficult to meet nutrient needs when the calorie intake is less than ______ calories. - Less than 1400 calories

less than 1400 calories

The general name given to minerals required in relatively large quantities is____ minerals.

marco

Each of the following are psychosocial factors related to aging except Depression, social isolation, medications, dementia

medications

Which of the following is an inorganic macronutrient - Vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Water Minerals

minerals

Jen rarely eats breakfast or lunch. She has her main meal around 5 O'clock t hen takes a bag of chips to the coach to munch on while watching TV. She goes to bed around 11 but Jen normally awakens around 2 am and has a snack before falling back asleep. Which eating disorder would you choose as her diagnosis? 1. Binge eating disorder 2. bulimia nervosa 3. night eating syndrome 4. anorexia nervosa

night eating syndrome

A _________ is a substance that can promote growth and development, maintain tissues and cells, fuel the body for physical and metabolic work, or regulate a body process. - nutrient

nutrient

Define macronutrients - nutrients needed in large amounts in the body

nutrients needed in large amounts in the body

Which of the following may pose a choking hazard for children younger than 5 years of age - eggs, soy, fish, peanut butter

peanut butter

Jill says she considers herself a vegetarian, and you observe her eating a lunch with mashed potatoes, steamed broccoli and grilled salmon. What type of diet is this considered to be - pesco vegetarian

pesco vegetarian

There are two main factors that are related to nutrient needs of adults and nutrition concerns that occur with aging. These factors are, physiological changes and psychosocial needs

physiological changes and psychosocial needs

Jules is in her first trimester of pregnancy and is concerned because she has found herself craving dirt and ice. What is the name of this condition and why do the cravings occur - pica, nutrient deficiency

pica, nutrient deficiency

Intracellular water volume relies on __ and __ concentrations Sodium, chloride Potassium, phosphate Potassium, sodium Phosphate, chloride

potassium, phosphate

List two groups of people that may be eligible to qualify to participate in the WIC program - pregnant or lactating women, infants and children to age five

pregnant or lactating women, infants and children to age 5

The process of gluconeogenesis is when the body converts __ into glucose for fuel , lipid, tissue, ketones, protein, carbohydrate

protein

Which macromolecule type plays a role in structural components, regulates body function, and enzyme production - protein

protein

What term describes the state when protein intake is equivalent to the amount of protein lost - protein equilibrium

protein equilibrium

Which macromolecule type plays a role in contributing to acid/base balance, immune function and body regulation - proteins

proteins

Casey has gone through bouts of weight loss because she will increase her activity and decrease her calories. However, after a few months, she generally backs off her weight loss regimen and returns to her typical heavier weight. What is this concept called and name the hormone that is hypothesized to be involved - set point theory, leptin

set point theory, leptin

Older adults are inadequate in each of the following except - sodium

sodium

Match the following definition to the correct aging process. Usual aging/successful aging. Physical and physiological changes that occur as one ages not related to poor diet and lifestyle habits - successful aging

successful aging

__ and __ are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North American - taste, texture

taste, texture

Accounts for a very small amount of energy - thermogenesis Accounts for about 10% of the calories expended - thermic effect of food Accounts for 15-40% of our energy expenditure - physical activity

thermogenesis thermic effect of food thermogenesis

Source of energy, provide insulation and protection and serve as a carrier of fat soluble vitamins - triglyceride Form cell membranes, transport lipoproteins and act as emulsifiers - phospholipid Used to generate homor - sterol

triglyceride phospholipid sterol

Jill says she eats plant-based foods only. She eats "eggs" made of mung beans and "burgers" made of pea protein. What type of diet is this considered - vegan

vegan

Which of the following populations should use the general BMI Young adults Tall stature adults short stature adults overweight adults pregnant women

young adults tall stature adults overweight adults

1. ______________is the internal drive to find and eat food. Often experienced as a 2. ______________ sensation. - hunger, negative

1. Hunger 2. negative

Current recommendations are for _____ steps per day for adults - 10,000

10,000

Current recommendations state adults should have ____ minutes of activity per day. - 60-90

60-90

Symptoms of Heatstroke include: Nausea/vomiting An internal temperature of 104 degrees Dry, hot skin Muscle cramps

An internal temperature of 104 degrees Dry, hot skin

Jess is a high school senior and plays volleyball for her school team. She was recently diagnosed with thinning bones and a stress fracture. What mineral is deficient in her diet - Calcium

Calcium

List 2 common mineral deficiencies in the diets of school age children - Calcium, iron and zinc

Calcium, iron and zinc

Symptoms of Heat cramps include: Select all that apply 1.Nausea/vomiting 2.Contractions of the muscle 3.Dry, hot skin 4.Dizziness

Contractions of the muscle

What is a dietary assessment? - Evaluation of an individual's dietary intake (or what they eat) to determine any deficiencies or problematic areas

Evaluation of an individual's dietary intake (or what they eat) to determine any deficiencies or problematic areas

Damages cell membranes and alters the cells DNA = Free Radicals

Free radicals

The process of ______ is when the body converts protein derived from muscle into glucose for fuel, Proteolysis, Proteogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Water found inside a cell is considered ________________; water as part of the blood is considered ______________. - Intracellular, extracellular

Intracellular, extracellular

Which of the following is linked to physical activity? Select all that apply, Increased stress level Mood improvement Increased productivity Decreased bone health Decreased lean body mass

Mood improvement Increased productivity

Which of the following does amylase digest, Lactose, Maltase, Starch, Glucose, Cellulose

Starch

Fran is a high school senior and plays soccer for her school team. She was recently diagnosed with a low hemoglobin level. What mineral is deficient in her diet?

The mineral deficient in her diet is iron.

List a dietary treatment for diverticulosis - increase fiber intake

increase fiber intake

What term describes the state when protein loss is greater than intake - negative protein balance

negative protein balance

Micro-minerals are referred to as __ minerals - trace

trace

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