Final Environmental

. Compared to the generation of electricity using coal, nuclear power A) contributes more to global climate change. B) generates no sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide emissions. C) generates no sulfur dioxide but more carbon dioxide emissions. D) will run out of fuel in about 40 years.

???

If the carrying capacity for a population of fish is 1000 fish, _______fish should be harvested to achieve maximum sustainable yield (MSY).

500. (The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for a population is exactly equal to half of its carrying capacity)

Complete the following reaction of cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 →__________+ 6H2O

6 CO2

Photosynthesis Formula?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2

In a healthy soil environment that demonstrates sustainability, topsoil is renewed by the addition of detritus and humus. T OR F?

True

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in developing countries. T or F?

True

Competition between members of the same species for resources Can lead to?

density-dependent regulation(self thinning)

J-shaped growth

curve A curve on a graph that records the situation in which, in a new environment, the population density of an organism increases rapidly in an exponential or logarithmic form, but then stops abruptly as environmental resistance

Clean Air Act of 1970

(1970 CAA) resulted in a major shift in the federal government's role in air pollution control. This legislation authorized the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit emissions from both stationary (industrial) sources and mobile sources.

What are the four global trends that indicate that the health of planet Earth is suffering?

1. climate change, 2. population growth, 3. ecosystem decline, 4. loss of biodiversity.

Anaerobic conditions will most likely be generated in a natural water system with Select one: a. low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is contaminated by pollutants with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values. b. high levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is contaminated by pollutants with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values. c. low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is contaminated by pollutants with low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values. d. high levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is contaminated by pollutants with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) values.

A

In which of the following regions would we most expect to find industrial smog? Select one: a. around an industrial town that burns coal to generate electricity and make steel b. around a city that primarily relies on nuclear energy and public transportation c. in a farming region that primarily produces either cotton, soybeans, or corn d. in southern Florida in high tourist regions along the beaches

A

Our most recent understanding of the formation of tropospheric ozone requires the reduction of atmospheric levels of Select one: a. nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. b. nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. c. carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. d. volatile inorganic compounds.

A

Pesticide-resistant insects develop from the widespread use of insecticides because Select one: a. over many generations, the naturally resistant pests survive and increase in number. b. insects learn to avoid the places where insecticides have been applied. c. None of the above d. pesticides increase the biotic potential of some insects.

A

The trickling-filter system and the activated-sludge system both require Select one: a. high levels of oxygen. b. the addition of large amounts of ammonia. c. high levels of carbon dioxide. d. the addition of large amounts of chlorine.

A

Which of the following is a natural soil buffer that is abundant in the midwestern United States and helps to reduce the amount of acidification of lakes in that region? Select one: a. limestone Correct b. mosses and algae in the soil c. granite d. sand and gravel

A

With few exceptions, inorganic compounds do not have Select one: a. carbon-hydrogen bonds or carbon-carbon bonds Correct b. nitrogen-oxygen bonds or carbon-oxygen bonds c. potassium-sodium bonds or hydrogen-chlorine bonds. d. hydrogen-nitrogen bonds or carbon-oxygen bonds.

A) Carbon-Hydrogen bonds or Carbon-Carbon bonds

What type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are lowand precipitation is low? A) tundra B) tropical rainforest C) temperate deciduous forest D) desert

A) Tundra

You observe a flowing artesian well during a vacation trip. You ask yourself, "How does the water flow out of the ground without needing to be pumped out?" You decide that this must happen because there is higher pressure underground forcing out the water. This assessment is your A) hypothesis B) observation C) experiment D) conclusion

A) hypothesis

Which of the following are products of photosynthesis? Select one: a. oxygen and sugar Correct b. carbon dioxide and water c. water and oxygen d. light and heat

A. Oxygen and Sugar

Law of limiting factors:

Any factor outside the optimal range will cause stress and limit growth, reproduction, and survival of a population

12. Of the world's total volume of water, 97.5% is saltwater and 2.5% is freshwater. That 2.5% is divided into 1.7%, which is frozen (e.g., in glaciers and polar ice caps), and 0.77% is liquid freshwater, which is available for human use (e.g., rivers, groundwater). How might these numbers change as a result of global warming? A) The percentage of saltwater will decrease, the percentage that is frozen will increase, and the percentage of liquid freshwater will remain largely unchanged. B) The percentage of saltwater will increase, the percentage that is frozen will decrease, and the percentage of liquid freshwater will remain largely unchanged. C) The percentage of saltwater will increase, the percentage that is frozen will remain largely unchanged, and the percentage of liquid freshwater will decrease. D) The percentage of saltwater will remain largely unchanged, the percentage that is frozen will decrease, and the percentage of liquid freshwater will increase.

B

Nutrients cycle through plants, animals and soil in an ecosystem. Scientifically, the combination of all the feeding relationships that exist in an ecosystem is called A) biotic community. B) biome. C) food chain. D) food web.

D) Food Web

A lake that averages 20 feet of water depth experiences extreme eutrophication. In this lake, we would expect to find Select one: a. abundant fish, high oxygen levels, and very clear water. b. some dead fish, low numbers of living fish, low oxygen levels, and very cloudy water. c. fewer fish than usual, lower oxygen levels, and very clear water. d. abundant fish, high oxygen levels, but very cloudy water.

B

Global warming is raising sea levels because of Select one: a. greatly increased precipitation. b. melting ice and thermal expansion. c. ocean basins compressed by continental drift. d. increased use of irrigation and drainage of wetlands on land.

B

In 1994, because of concerns about cultural eutrophication, laundry detergent manufacturers voluntarily stopped producing detergents that contained Select one: a. chlorine. b. phosphates. c. artificial dyes. d. alcohol.

B

In the winter in North America, the common cold often shows Select one: a. low morbidity but high mortality b. high morbidity but low mortality c. high morbidity and high mortality d. low morbidity and low mortality

B

Ocean acidification refers to Select one: a. the increase in the pH of the ocean that results from the increased absorption of carbon dioxide which is subsequently converted to carbonic acid. b. the decrease in the pH of the ocean that results from the increased absorption of carbon dioxide which is subsequently converted to carbonic acid.. c. the decrease in the pH of the ocean that results from the increased absorption of carbon dioxide which is subsequently converted to carbonic acid.

B

Pollutants whose impact on human health is to cause a gradual deterioration of several physiological processes are said to be Select one: a. carcinogenic. b. chronic. c. none of the above d. acute. e. radioactive.

B

The fecal indicator microbes test is used to determine if the water being tested Select one: a. has high levels of heavy metal in the water being tested. b. is contaminated with human sewage. Correct c. has high levels of radioactive materials. d. is acidic or basic.

B

Using ice core samples and analyses, researchers have discovered that over the past 800,000 years Select one: a. atmospheric levels of methane and carbon dioxide have steadily been increasing. b. there is a strong correlation between global temperatures and greenhouse gases. c. the Earth has gradually been warming and sea levels have been rising. d. glaciers were greatest when greenhouse gases increased the most.

B

Which of the following is a good example of a chemical hazard to public health? Select one: a. Immunizations may be the best defense against pandemic viral disease. b. Before the switch to unleaded gas, children living near highways had high lead exposure. c. Women who smoke and use birth control pills greatly increase their risk of developing heart disease. d. In southern Florida, homes must be well constructed to resist severe hurricanes.

B

The epidemiologic transition is largely a result of the A) Industrial Revolution. B) Medical Revolution. C) Green Revolution. D) Environmental Revolution.

B) Medical Revolution

What type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are warm and precipitation is abundant year round? A) tundra. B) tropical rainforest. C) temperate deciduous forest. D) desert E) savanna.

B) Tropical Rainforest

A graph of human population growth from 1800 to the present resembles A)a diagonal line from top left to bottom right B)a "J" shaped curve. C)a diagonal line from bottom left to top right. D)an "S" shaped curve. E)a horizontal line

B) a "j" shaped curve

The medical revolution

High birth rates and low mortality rates resulted in exponential population growth

About 100 meters downstream of a sewage discharge outlet we would expect to find Select one: a. clear water, high levels of oxygen, and abundant fish. b. cloudy water, high levels of oxygen, and abundant fish. c. cloudy water, low levels of oxygen, and few, if any, fish. d. clear water, low levels of oxygen, and few, if any, fish.

C

In the winter in North America, the common cold often shows Select one: a. hazards b. hazards or vulnerability c. hazards multiplied by vulnerability d. vulnerability

C

Initial testing on mice indicates that a new food coloring is a carcinogen. Now the researchers hope to examine the effects of different concentrations of the carcinogen on mice, in a type of Select one: a. exposure assessment. b. hazard assessment. c. dose-response assessment. d. risk characterization.

C

Most of the weather of the world is based upon changes in the moisture, pressure, and/or temperature of the Select one: a. stratosphere. b. mesosphere. c. troposphere. d. thermosphere.

C

The 2014 Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change is Select one: a. happening in some regions of the world and in some places people may be to blame. b. still unclear and the evidence and the causes of change require additional studies. c. certain and it is very likely that humans are to blame. d. likely and it is possible that humans are to blame.

C

The abundant formation of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere Select one: a. promotes the formation of ozone that protects against damaging ultraviolet light. b. removes many common pollutants from the stratosphere. c. removes many common pollutants from the troposphere. d. promotes the formation of nitrous oxides that in turn lower levels of carbon dioxide.

C

The most dramatic temperature shifts in the past few decades have been Select one: a. on land near the equator. b. in the innermost regions of the North American and African continents. c. in the oceans nearest the equator. d. in the north polar region.

C

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant? Select one: a. radon and VOC b. carbon monoxide and VOC c. Ozone, PANS, and aldehydes and ketones d. sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

C

Which of the following is one of the most common factors contributing to cultural eutrophication of lakes near large cities? Select one: a. runoff from parking lots b. using lake water for cooling coal-fired power plants c. sewage-treatment effluent d. the use of gasoline engines on boats

C

n the United States, if a person is concerned about an infectious disease such as the avian flu, the most reliable source of information would be the Select one: a. United States Department of Agriculture. b. National Academy of Sciences. c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. d. United States Department of Human Health and Sciences.

C

urning fossil fuels, cutting down large forests, and not replanting the areas with trees will Select one: a. increase levels of nitrification and reduce acid rain. b. decrease atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. c. increase atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. d. increase the geological production of fossil fuels.

C

What is a consequence of niche partitioning by species? a) Predator-prey interactions are increased. b) Niches between species overlap more. c) Interspecific competition is decreased. d) Species are less able to put energy into reproduction. e) Density-independent regulation is decreased.

C) Interspecific competition is decreased

The statement, "The Earth was not given to you by your parents, it was lent to you from your children" best reflects A) junk science. B) higher rates of consumption of non-renewable materials. C) stewardship. D) the need for a strong central or military government

C) Stewardship

Someone who argues that every species has a right to exist, undisturbed, on this planet is arguing for the Select one: a. finite value of life. b. economic value of life. c. intrinsic value of life. Correct d. institutional value of life.

C. Intrinsic Value of life

The greatest loss of biodiversity in the last two centuries has resulted from Select one: a. the use of fossil fuels to power transportation and electrical production. b. the introduction of alien species to new ecosystems. c. the physical alteration of habitats. Correct d. the use of rivers, lakes, and oceans for transportation.

C. The physical alteration of Habitats

Complete the following reaction of photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → _________________ + 6 O2

C6 H12 06

The maximum population of a particular species that an ecosystem can support without that ecosystem being negatively impacted, such as the maximum number of rabbits that can live in a forest without a massive loss of vegetation is known as the __________ of that ecosystem.

Carrying Capacity

The minimum number of individuals of a species required to sufficiently maintain a population of that species, such as the minimum number of wolves needed in an ecosystem in order to have a healthy population of wolves is known as the __________.

Critical Number

As far as agricultural applications are concerned, the main distinction between topsoil and the underlying subsoil is that topsoil A) is on top. B) is more clayey. C) is more sandy. D) has a higher humus content. E) has fewer rocks and stones.

D

The first law of thermo dynamics states? A) in any energy conversion, you will end up with less usable energy than you started with. B) a carefully designed energy production facility will be self-sustaining. C) the inputs and outputs of energy to an ecosystem are never equal. D) energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another.

D

When specifically considering human health, the environment of a hospital nurse would include Select one: a. air quality in the hospital b. bacterial infections c. latex gloves d. all of the above

D

Which of the following is a good example of a physical hazard to public health? Select one: a. In much of the United States, mosquitoes are known to transmit West Nile Virus to people. b. The use of condoms is known to reduce the risk of most sexually transmitted diseases. c. Levels of mercury in some lakes result in dangerous levels in the meat of fish. d. A tornado destroys 23 homes and kills two people when their home collapses.

D

If a country experiences 7 births, 2 deaths, and 1 new immigrant every minute of a year, how will its population change in one year? A) the population will decline by about 100,000 people B) the population will increase by about 100,000 people C) the population will remain steady D) the population will increase by about 3 million people

D)

A country which has a crude birth rate of 33 and a crude death rate of 21 is growing at what percent per year? A) 54 B) 3.3 C) 12 D) 1.2 E) 5.4

D) 1.2

The acronym HIPPO identifies the 5 major factors contributing to exception today? A) humans, invasive species, periodic climate changes, pollution, and overexploitation. B) hunting, immigration, people, population, and outsourcing. C) housing, immigration, people, pollution, and overproduction. D) habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population, and overexploitation.

D) Habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population, overexploitation

The term that applies to whether or not a process can be continued indefinitely is A) globalization. B) equity. C) sustainability. D) stewardship. E) science.

D) Sustainability

Biomes with precipitation between 10 and 60 inches per year, frequent fire, and seasonal temperatures at lower elevations are commonly Select one: a. coniferous forests. b. hot deserts. c. tropical rain forests. d. grasslands.

D. Grasslands

Topsoil (a horizon)

Higher humus contents

Methane (CH4) is an inorganic molecule because it has no C-C bond. T or F

False. Methane is an organic molecule

The green Revolution

Faster uses of resources - Erosion, soil and water pollution, loss of native plants - Pesticide resistance

Resource Partitioning in Warblers

Five species of North American warblers partition resources to decrease competition (the eat different insects from different parts of the tree to avoid competition)

All scientific investigations are initially founded upon

Good Observations

Kyoto Protocol

Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets.

Bacterial denitrification is an anaerobic process that converts NO3- to __________.

N2 (anaerobic process)

5 major revolutions?

Neolithic Revolution Industrial Revolution medical Revolution Green revolution Enviromental Revolution

The majority of the air we breathe is composed of diatomic nitrogen. Unfortunately, most of that gas cannot be used by living organisms in this state. It must be converted into a usable form in a process called ____________, a process that is primarily carried out by bacteria but can also result from lightning.

Nitrogen Fixation

The ___________principal requires that resource managers must favor resource protection where there is uncertainty.

Precautionary

S shaped Growth

S-shaped growth curve(sigmoid growth curve) A pattern of growth in which, in a new environment, the population density of an organism increases slowly initially, in a positive acceleration phase; then increases rapidly, approaching an exponential growth rate as in the J-shaped curve; but then declines declines in a negative acceleration phase until at zero growth rate the population stabilizes

Montreal Protocol

Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark international agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. The treaty was originally signed in 1987 and substantially amended in 1990 and 1992.

Paris Agreement

The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act -- otherwise known as CERCLA or Superfund -- provides a Federal "Superfund" to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment. Through CERCLA, EPA was given power to seek out those parties responsible for any release and assure their cooperation in the cleanup.

Neolithic Revolution

The development of agriculture around 12,000 yrs ago

The concept of sustainable development includes?

The needs of future generations

One effective oil cleanup strategy used in the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill was chemical dispersal using dispersants in offshore water. Select one: True False

True

The climate of a region or city is its weather averaged over many years. Select one: True False

True

Second Law of thermodynamics

Usable energy is lost in any energy conversion

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is

an international environmental treaty, signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

Industrial Revoultion

echnology energized by fossil fuels - Created modern world - Produced pollution and resource exploitation