final exam!! #1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 10) CRH stimulates the release of A) ACTH. B) cortisol. C) DHEA. D) MSH. E) None of these answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 9) Cortisol secretion peaks between ________ and ________. A) early morning, noon B) midnight, early morning C) noon, early evening D) early evening, midnight

: A Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 44) may be an autoimmune disease

: A Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 32) Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone A) calcitonin. B) thyroid hormone. C) parathyroid hormone. D) growth hormone. E) testosterone.

: A Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 49) caused by growth hormone excess in adulthood

: A Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.14

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 21) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) TRH E) CRH.

: A Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.9

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 28) Mature, less active bone cells are termed A) osteocytes. B) osteoblasts. C) osteoclasts. D) chondrocytes. E) osteons.

: A Section Title: Tissue and Bone Growth Learning Outcome: 23.17

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 3) All of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland play a major role in growth and metabolism. A) True B) False

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 6) The precursor chemical for ACTH synthesis is A) CRH. B) POMC. C) beta-endorphin. D) MSH. E) TRH.

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 12) Without cortisol's permissive effect on ________, an animal would die. A) insulin B) glucagon C) thyroid hormone D) parathyroid hormone E) aldosterone

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 41) Some symptoms mimic diabetes mellitus.

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 45) may result from adrenal tumor

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 46) may result from a pituitary tumor

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 51) This condition results from excess androgens in females.

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) Match the disease with the description. A. Addison's disease B. Cushing's disease C. Graves' disease D. Paget's disease 38) hypercortisolism

: B Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 31) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. C) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. D) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. E) increases the level of glucose in the blood.

: B Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 34) Calcium reabsorption at the kidneys is promoted by the hormone A) calcitonin. B) calcitriol. C) aldosterone. D) cortisol. E) ADH.

: B Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 33) A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass or density sufficient to compromise normal function is A) cretinism. B) osteoporosis. C) osteomyelitis. D) osteitis. E) acromegaly.

: B Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 22) Hyperthyroidism A) decreases oxygen consumption. B) increases protein catabolism. C) decreases protein synthesis. D) slows heart rate. E) causes cold intolerance.

: B Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 17) Iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symport with A) hydrogen. B) sodium. C) potassium. D) chloride.

: B Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 19) The Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are lipophilic so they do not require transporters to cross cell membranes. A) True B) False

: B Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 29) Transcellular transport of intestinal calcium is accomplished by entry into the epithelial enterocytes via A) a sodium-iodide transporter. B) osteoclasts. C) apical calcium channels (TRPV6 = ECaC). D) CaSR (calcium sensing receptor). E) an amino acid transporter (MCT8).

: C Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.19

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 35) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.

: C Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 26) Somatostatin is another name for A) growth hormone. B) growth hormone-releasing hormone. C) growth hormone-inhibiting hormone. D) thyroid hormone. E) parathyroid hormone.

: C Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.12

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 50) mental retardation associated with infantile hypothyroidism

: C Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.14

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 23) The effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue include A) decreased oxygen consumption. B) decreased heart rate. C) increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation. D) increased activity of osteoclasts. E) All of these answers are correct.

: C Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 39) hyperthyroidism

: C Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 40) involves endocrine stimulation by antibodies

: C Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 15) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce A) only thyroxine. B) only TSH. C) only calcitonin. D) only parathyroid hormone. E) thryoxine and TSH.

: C Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 7) The adrenal medulla produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) corticosteroids.

: D Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 5) Crossover effects are sometimes seen among A) most hormones. B) all hormones. C) peptide/protein hormones. D) steroid hormones.

: D Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 43) Calcitonin may be an appropriate treatment.

: D Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 36) Parathyroid hormone is A) a lipid. B) dissolved in plasma. C) bound to a carrier. D) an amine hormone. E) the cause of Graves' disease.

: D Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 37) Vitamin D (calcitriol) A) is formed by sunlight only. B) is bound to plasma protein for transport only. C) synthesis is stimulated by high calcium levels. D) is formed by sunlight and bound to plasma protein for transport. E) is formed by sunlight and synthesis is stimulated by high calcium levels.

: D Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 42) associated with overactive osteoclasts

: D Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 27) Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in A) osteoporosis. B) cretinism. C) rickets. D) giantism. E) dwarfism.

: D Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 25) Excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause A) goiter. B) exophthalmus. C) giantism. D) acromegaly. E) diabetes.

: D Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 24) GH A) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. B) is secreted by the posterior pituitary. C) binds to a plasma protein. D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary and binds to a plasma protein. E) is secreted by the posterior pituitary and binds to a plasma protein.

: D Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 48) caused by growth hormone deficiency in childhood

: D Section Title: Growth Hormone Learning Outcome: 23.14

Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn) Chapter 23 Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism 1) The action of a hormone on a target cell involves effects on A) receptor proteins. B) nonreceptor proteins. C) lipids. D) receptor and nonreceptor proteins. E) receptor proteins and lipids.

: D Section Title: Review of Endocrine Principles Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 14) Thyroid hormone contains the mineral A) sodium. B) thallium. C) iron. D) iodine. E) zinc.

: D Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 18) Thyroid hormones A) are lipophilic. B) are hydrophilic. C) must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. D) are lipophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells. E) are hydrophilic and must bind to plasma proteins for transport to target cells.

: D Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 20) Which of the following transporters are known to transport thyroid hormones into target cells? A) CaSR (calcium sensing receptor) B) TRPV6 C) Sodium-iodide symporter D) MCT8 E) Mineralocorticoid receptor

: D Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 2) The endocrine gland that is a modified sympathetic ganglion is the A) thyroid. B) anterior pituitary. C) posterior pituitary. D) adrenal cortex. E) adrenal medulla.

: E Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 4) Cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of A) progesterone. B) aldosterone. C) estradiol. D) calcitonin. E) progesterone, aldosterone, and estradiol.

: E Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 8) Which of the following could describe the function of 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase? A) An enzyme located in renal tubules that acts on cortisol . B) It converts cortisol to a less active form. C) It aids in preventing crossover effects from cortisol. D) It converts cortisol to a form with a lower specificity for mineralocorticoid receptors there. E) All of these answers are correct.

: E Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 11) Cortisol has the following effects: A) suppresses the immune system. B) causes positive calcium balance. C) influences brain function. D) suppresses the immune system and causes positive calcium balance. E) suppresses the immune system and influences brain function.

: E Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 13) Melanocortins includes one or more of the following: A) ACTH B) cortisol C) growth hormone D) MSH E) ACTH and MSH

: E Section Title: Adrenal Glucocorticoids Learning Outcome: 23.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 30) Parathyroid hormone A) stimulates osteoclast activity. B) increases the rate of calcium absorption. C) decreases the rate of calcium excretion. D) raises the level of calcium ion in the blood. E) All of these answers are correct.

: E Section Title: Calcium Balance Learning Outcome: 23.20

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) Match the condition with the description. A. acromegaly B. adrenogenital syndrome C. cretinism D. dwarfism E. exophthalmus 47) associated with Graves' disease

: E Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 16) Pendrin is an anion transporter important in the production of A) parathyroid hormone. B) calcitonin. C) TRH. D) TSH. E) thyroid hormone.

: E Section Title: Thyroid Hormones Learning Outcome: 23.6

When will the embryo take on a human appearance? A) eighth week B) fourth week C) second fetal month D) sixth week

A) eighth week

Which of the following is NOT true at full term? A) testes begin to descend B) fingernails are present C) vertex position is evident D) fetus is 50 cm long

A) testes begin to descend

All of these arise from mesoderm except which one? A) muscle B) brain C) kidney D) blood

B) brain

In the process of in vitro fertilization, the woman is given _____ to induce follicle development. A) HCG B) human menopausal gonadotropin C) progesterone D) FSH

B) human menopausal gonadotropin

Which of these is NOT true of implantation? A) involves a blastocyst B) is in the uterine tube C) has cells that produce HCG D) occurs by sixth day

B) is in the uterine tube

The foramen ovale allows blood from the right atrium to enter the _____. A) left ventricle B) left atrium C) aorta D) right ventricle

B) left atrium

What prevents the maternal and embryonic blood cells from mixing? A) chorionic villi B) placental membrane C) lacunae D) trophoblast

B) placental membrane

When does the amnion first appear? A) first week B) second week C) fifth week D) sixth week

B) second week

Which of these has the greatest oxygen content A) umbilical arteries B) umbilical vein C) fetal aorta D) fetal pulmonary veins

B) umbilical vein

The ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow from the pulmonary trunk to the _____. A) lungs B) liver C) aorta D) right atrium

C) aorta

Which of these is a maternal component? A) chorion B) amnion C) decidua basalis D) umbilical cord

C) decidua basalis

Which of the following is true of blastomeres? A) found in an embryo B) have a zona pellucida C) divide by cleavage D) are produced by meiosis

C) divide by cleavage

The embryonic period lasts from the second week through _____ week. A) third B) fourth C) eighth D) twelfth

C) eighth

The umbilical arteries are branches of the _____. A) ductus venosus B) inferior vena cava C) internal iliac arteries D) external iliac arteries

C) internal iliac arteries

What is the major cell process in the fetus? A) differentiation B) meiosis C) mitosis D) cleavage

C) mitosis

Which of these is the first to develop? A) blastocyst B) embryo C) morula D) fetus

C) morula

Large amounts of blood do NOT enter the fetal lungs because their _____. A) pressure is too high B) development is immature C) resistance is high D) arteries are closed

C) resistance is high

The main factor that may NOT allow a 24 week fetus to survive independently is the _____. A) strength of the heart B) nervous system maturation C) surfactant D) ability to move

C) surfactant

When can the male and female organs be distinguished first? A) eighth week B) 10th week C) twelfth week D) fourth month

C) twelfth week

What is the origin of fetal blood cells? A) chorion B) amnion C) yolk sac D) allantois

C) yolk sac

The ductus venosus transports blood to the _____. A) placenta B) heart C) liver D) vena cava

D) vena cava

The prenatal period lasts a. 266 days b. 26 weeks c. 9 lunar months d. 10 lunar months

a. 266 days

What is the major distinguishing factor that separates the embryonic stage from the fetal stage a. all major organ systems form during the embryonic stage; the fetal stage consists of mainly rapid growth b. the brain forms late in the fetal stage; all other organ systems form earlier c. the skeletal system is laid down during the fetal stage, otherwise organ systems form during the embryonic stage d. the major event of the embryonic stage is implantation in the uterus; all developments occurs during the fetal stage

a. all major organ systems form during the embryonic stage; the fetal stage consists of mainly rapid growth

The portion of the placenta contributed by the embryo is the a. chorion b. allantois c. amnion d. yolk sac

a. chorion

Which two of the following are NOT able to freely across the placental membrane a. leukocytes b. glucose c. NACL d. erythrocytes

a. leukocytes d. erythrocytes

The life span of an ovulated oocyte is about a. 6 b. 24 c. 30 d. 48

b 24

What normally prevents the expulsion of an embryo by a menstral flow a. the enzymes around the embryo b. HCG c. the thickness of the endometrium d. FSH

b. HCG

The structure which implants in the endometrium is correctly termed a a. embryo b. blastocyst c. morula d. zygote

b. blastocyst

Which membrane plays the greatest role in nutrient and wastes exchanges a. amnion b. chorion c. allantois d. yolk sac

b. chorion

In which process do the cells become progressively smaller a. differentiation b. cleavage c. growth d. morphogenesis

b. cleavage

Many changes occur in newborn infancy as it adapts to life apart from its mother. What happens to the umbilical vein a. It continues to transport blood from the navel to the vena cava b. it closes off to become the ligamentum teres c. it closes off to become superior vesical artery d. it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

b. it closes off to become the ligamentum teres

The ligamentum teres is the remnant of the a. umbilical cord b. umbilical vein c. ductus arteriosis d. umbilical artery

b. umbilical vein

Which vessel transports blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the fetus a. ductus venosus b. umbilical vein c. umbilical artery d. ductus arteriosis

b. umbilical vein

When can the term fetus be correctly used a. at three weeks b. when the body systems have been established c. after the neural tube forms

b. when the body systems have been established

The reason why blood no longer passes throug hthe foramen ovale is initially explained by the a. increase in lung resistance b. increase in right atrial pressure c. decrease in left atrial pressure d. increase in left atrial pressure

c. decrease in left atrial pressure

Epithelial linings of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra all form from the________layer of the gastrula. a. ectoderm b. mesoderm c. endoderm d. chorionic villi

c. endoderm

When is a developing individual most susceptible to genetic birth defects from smoking a. last trimester b. third to sixth month c. first trimester d. at birth

c. first trimester

When would drugs or radiation produce the greatest harm a. early fetus b. in the ninth week c. fourth week d. late pregnancy

c. fourth week

The period immediately after birth to four weeks of age is called the __________ period a. senescent b. adolescent c. neonatal d. infancy

c. neonatal

The period of infancy ends at a. two months b. two years c. one year d. 18 mo

c. one year

Which hormone prevents a second pregnancy during gestation a. FSH b. LH c. progesterone d. HCG

c. progesterone

When does bone start to replace cartilage a. fifth week b. second month c. third month d. fourth month

c. third month

When is it first possible to distinguish the sex of a fetus? a. one month b. second month c. third month d. fourth month

c. third month

How many sperm cells are req'd to fertilize an egg cell a. 6 b. 4 c. 2 d. 1

d. 1

Following ejaculation sperm cells remain functional for about _____ hours in the female reproductive organs a. 6 b. 12 c. 24 d. 48

d. 48

Which extraembryonic membrane encloses the embryo in a fluid filled cavity a. allantois b. yolk sac c. chorion d. amnion

d. amnion

Within the fetus, much of the circulating blood bypasses the lungs and flows through the a. ductus venosus b. umbilical vein c. umbilical artery d. ductus arteriosus

d. ductus arteriosus

Which of these is NOT an endodermal derivative a. urinary bladder b. urethra c. lining of stomach d. epidermis

d. epidermis

In which menstrual cycle phase does implantation occur? a. mensus b. ovulation c. proliferative d. secretory

d. secretory