Final Exam 2
Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as.....
cytosine
The site on a replicating DNA molecule at which the old strands are being separated is known as....
replication fork
The two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are....
sugar and phosphate
The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the....
specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule
The final product of DNA replication is....
two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand
In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of non-lethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria.....
was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation
Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?
A DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand
Which of the following statements about DNA is false?
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
DNA polymerase
The bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that...
DNA was injected into bacteria
................. used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA
Franklin
How is a single strand of DNA able to serve as a template for the synthesis of another strand?
Nucleotides pair with those of the original strand to form a new strand Hydrogen bonds holding the two strands together are easy to break, allowing one strand to be a template
The first experimenter(s) to use Griffith's transformation experiment to identify the genetic material in bacteria was....
Oswald Avery
DNA replication occurs during the .............. of the cell cycle
S phase
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand-AGATCCG?
TCTAGGC
How are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated?
The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally
Do hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine an example of complementary base pairing?
Yes
Hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and _________, and between adenine and ____________
cytosine; thymine
James Watson and Francis Crick
established the double-stranded nature of DNA established the principle of base pairing explained how DNA's structure permitted it to be replicated proposed the concept of the double-helix
A replication fork...
is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously
DNA polymerase...
is an enzyme adds new nucleotides to a strand proofreads DNA strands to see that they are correct derives energy from ATP for synthesis of DNA strands
In DNA, the genetic information.....
is contained in each strand
DNA has two functions: it can self-replicate and it can make non-DNA molecules. DNA is a capable of these because.....
is nucleotides will form base pairs with both ribose and deoxyribose nucleotides
The significance of Fred Griffith's experiment in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae is that...
it demonstrated that harmless cells had become permanently transformed through a change in the bacterial hereditary system
Why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?
its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences
Replication of DNA...
produces two molecules, each of which is half-new and half-old DNA joined lengthwise to eaech other
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by....
telomerase
..............., the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event
telomeres
When a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one lovation in one strand is replicated.....
the mutation is corrected by the DNA polymerase enzyme
In DNA molecules....
the nucleotides are arranged in a linear, unbranched pattern
X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine...
the three dimensional structure of a molecule
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand?
DNA polymerase